North America: kuzorodzwa uye mamiriro ayo

Terrain zvicherwa North America - nhasi zvose anodzidzwa kuchikoro jogirafi zvidzidzo. Ruzivo nyaya idzi zvakangofanira kwete chete nokuda bvunzo, asiwo zvinonyatsorehwa kukura. Pashure pezvose, mumwe nomumwe wedu anofanira kunzwisisa kuti ndiyo yose nyika yatinogara pairi.

North America, zvakazorodza izvo tichakurukura munyaya ino afanane zvaimirirwa wehunyambiri kwetsinga South America. Simba bhandi of Cordillera makomo rinopfuurira pamwe yokumadokero kusvika 7000? Km. Advantageously, flat ndiyo rokumabvazuva hafu yakaoma. Izvi zvose zvinoratidza kuti kuedza ekuAmerica ane simba sungano. Zvisinei, pane Misiyano pakati makondinendi izvi. Zvikurukuru sezvo Cordillera gomo kwava vakwanise zvikuru uye kunzwisisa chivako pane eAndes (anonziwo Andean Cordillera). Zvinosanganisira nyika yose neeSultan, zvakasiyana tectonic uye Geological marongerwo zvakasiyana.

okumabvazuva mapazi

Zvakajeka kusiyaniswa zvinenge zvose pamusoro Cordillera 5 orotektonicheskih longitudinal zvikamu. Wokutanga izvi, rokumabvazuva - Laramide orogeny anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri: Mount Mackenzie, Brooks Range, Ridge Eastern Sierra äiti, Mountains Rocky. Ekupedzisira inogona kupatsanurwa maererano peculiarities ose orography muzvikamu zviviri: nezasi. Pakati pavo anomira kunze Yellowstone Plateau. Zvinonyatsochengeta straightness siyana rakajeka orographic zvinhu.

Front Range of Mountains Rocky

Front Range of Mountains Rocky (North America) ane zvinotevera kuzorodzwa: nayo Anotambanudza anenge 2000? Km nenzira yakarurama mutsetse, kukanganisa chamazuva, kuvimbika uye kufanana yaro Geological mamiriro. Ridge kunotsanangurwa zvakajeka, korona pamawere dzakakwirira Nhongonya, nekukwirira, rinosvika 4000 m. Zvishoma nezvishoma kunotangira kumabvazuva kusvikira Papurazi Great. Front Range kumavirira pedyo tectonic mhosva nechekuchamhembe. In pakati gomo ipfupi. Vakayambuka rwizi Pis, inova chimwe kwakabva Mackenzie River. Front Range riri kumaodzanyemba kuwedzera. Rakakamurwa zvakananga neeSultan, kukwirira chiri wandei: Lewis, Caribou, Selkirk. Muchikamu ichi pane chikuru nenhongonya Front Range. Robson iri gomo (kukwirira 3954 m) neGomo Columbia (3747 m). Alpine siyana North America kwakaita nzvimbo yacho zvakafanana nezvaiitwa vamwe Front Range. Anonziwo dzinoratidzwa kuenzana uye chinokosha glaciation.

Rocky Mountains iri kumaodzanyemba

Single muhomba Rockies hatuzoumbiki ari kumaodzanyemba. Pano vari rinoumbwa nomunhu arrays, dzimwe nguva voga uye vakaparadzana ne "mumapaki" - yakafara dhishi, anomirira rwenze-zvakadai zvikamu kuti anobatana hombe dziva Great Plains. Chikamu anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri (Sangre of Cristo, Wasatch) akatambanudza zvinenge kubva kuchamhembe kusvikira kumaodzanyemba. Other (semuenzaniso, Uinta Mountains) - iri kumadokero-kumabvazuva mirayiridzo perpendicular kwavari. Wandei pakakwirira uye upamhi bhandi ichi gomo iri ndanyarara hangu ne kushaya chamazuva. Muganhu pakati Papurazi Great uye Mountains Rocky pachena kwazvo inoratidzwa: mawere rusvingo - yakatenuka kumakomo. Southern chikamu - izvi anowanzoramba epiplatform makomo kuti akaumbwa mushure activation pakati kumucheto mumwe platforms yekare.

Belt womukati nenzvimbo dzakakwirira uye nenzvimbo dzakakwirira

Next - bhandi dzakawanda nenzvimbo dzakakwirira uye nenzvimbo dzakakwirira achiumbwa nevadiyskuyu shangu haizi pachitsuwa kuNorth America. The kuzorodzwa kunoratidzwa akapeta nevadiyskimi hurongwa aimiririra peniplenami. Mukati mapazi ichi pane ebani, izvo vakanovharirwa "zvimedu" rekare pachikuva North America uye clamped Cordillera (Northern Misa, Colorado Plateau). The Kudeuka intermountain mumapani Fraser, Yukon, the Great Basin, Colombia, North uye Central Misa, Colorado.

Great Basin

Great Basin - denudation ebani, chikuru munzvimbo. nharaunda iyi, ane upamhi zviri 800 km zvavo, ndiko alternation pakati sandara uye gomo hukawanika ane predominance kweyokutanga. On avhareji 1500m akamutsa rwenze pemvura. Zvisinei, nokufamba guru iri dzokumusoro. Plateau kufanana anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri piringisha pamwe dzakakwirira anenge 3 km (Wheeler yepamusorosoro - 3982 m). Deep dzegirini, rinonzi Bolson, nhema pakati pavo. Zvinonzi Semi-akanyudzwa uye akanyudzwa dhishi, inova nzvimbo yomunyika abudise. Death Valley - mumwe wavo (-85 m).

Relict misoro kazhinji kuwanikwa (kusanganisira pasikweya ose anoputika).

Colorado Plateau uye Grand Canyon

Colorado Plateau - chimwe chezvinhu yakasiyana makona yedu, iyo inozivikanwa North America. kusunungurwa Its akanaka chaizvo. Maererano ayo Geological marongerwo (chinjikira bhodhi vakagadzikana gomo sedimentary matombo vemazera akasiyana - kubva kare kuti verhnepaleoziyskih avete crystalline bhesimendi) ndiye rwenze yakafanana North America papuratifomu. Its pamusoro - nemumakomo bani iro rinoitwa munhu kukwirira 3860 m.

Kukwezva ebani ndiye Grand Canyon (North America). Kwakaita nzvimbo yacho uye mamiriro vanokwezvwa kunzvimbo ino vashanyi vakawanda. Grand Canyon (yaifananidzira pazasi) yakaumbwa kubva Colorado River, pakati yaro kosi. Zvasvikira kudzika 1800 m, wakafara makubhiti 8 kusvika 25 km panguva rwenze uye 1km nechepasi chechetere. Kumawere anonakidza, noshamisa chakanangana Grand Canyon. Ivo vakabuda nedanho erosive kukuvara uye weathering. The crystalline nehwaro midzi ichitenderera rakamanikana gwara.

Inner gomo bhandi

The mapazi wechitatu - gomo yomukati - bhandi nevadiyskih yemakomo: Coast Mountains, ari Alaska Range, Mountains Cascade, kuti Sierra Nevada, uye Transverse Volcanic Sierra äiti Occidental. Yokururama musiyano pakati anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri izvi. Igneous matombo vakawanda vari maumbirwo yavo. Cascade Mountains - batholith pamwe kuputika pasikweya, akarovererwa pamusoro payo. The akatevedzana ari Sierra Nevada chinhu asymmetric hofori sekristaro batholith pamwe raiiswa pamawere yokumadokero uye kumabvazuva dzakatenuka.

bhandi synclinoria

The mapazi rwechina synclinoria wongoramba. Izvi achideredza pamusoro vematunhu, iyo yakaumbwa muna Neogene. Chikamu zviri parizvino anomiririrwa siyana zvomumvura bays, yakaoma. On nyika ndicho Mupata Nerufu, the Great Central Valley, rezasi kunosvika of Colorado River.

Far West mapazi

Kashanu - zvakanyanyisa kumavirira. Zviri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa bhandi akapeta YOMUMAKOMO anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri sezvo Aleut (pane 25 anoputika), Kenai Peninsula, Chitsuwa muhomba kuti nhamba Victoria (kukwira - 2200 m), Chugachsky Ridge Peninsula Victoria, Coast neeSultan, Range Sierra äiti del Sur. Vose svikiro-soro, asi dzepamusorosoro nenhongonya kupfuura 2 km.

Zvichienderana rwakadini glaciation, kwokuomerwa orographic longitudinal zvikamu, tectonic uye erosional kwetsinga, kuti Cordillera rakakamurwa 4 morphostructural mudunhu: Cordillera Mexico, United States Cordillera Cordillera Cordillera reCanada uye Alaska.

Kumabvazuva kwenyika yacho

Zvaizorodza kuNorth America kumabvazuva? Ngatimbotaurei zvazviri. Sezvataona, zvinoumba North America kwakaita nzvimbo yacho iri kazhinji sandara iri kumabvazuva chikamu kondinendi. Kumboda zviri kutobaya (Central, Laurentian) uye yakakwirira mapani. Nebani muri pamwe nemhenderekedzo: Primeksikanskaya, nharaunda yeAtlantic, Prigudzonskaya uye Mississippi panzvimbo dzapasi inosvika chete rwizi.

Appalachian gomo bhandi

In North America, mukusiyana kuna South, mumwe bhandi gomo atambanudza pamwe kumhenderekedzo yokumabvazuva - Appalachian. Izvi neeSultan Hurongwa gomo, kubva Gulf of St. vanoda. Lawrence kusvika 33-32 ⁰ s. m., kuti ndiye anenge 2300 makiromita. Chitsuwa Newfoundland ndiye kuchamhembe kubatana. Appalachian - nayo epiplatform akakwirira. The zvinokosha musiyano pakati kumaodzanyemba uye kuchamhembe zvikamu wemakomo eJudhiya zvakakonzera tectonic maitiro uye Geological marongerwo. Graben Hudson ndiye muganhu pakati kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba Appalachian. Northern Appalachians yose - zviri undulating rwenze. Zvinonzi hunodzorwa neeSultan gomo nomumwe kana neeSultan gomo. Northern Appalachian bindepinde ari Quaternary glaciation. Naizvozvo, chimiro makomo ikozvino - sandara, chete panhongonya dzawo dzakanga circuses pamwe poromoka masvingo.

Southern Appalachians

Alternation kare inofambirana mumipata anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri dzakasiyana Southern Appalachians. Kubva kumabvazuva nekumadokero vawedzere nenzira rutsoka kwemupata. It Piedmont kumadokero - a sandara mubani denudation, iro inoumbwa Vekare yeCambrian crystalline matombo. Kubva unomutswa steeply kumavirira ngetani neeSultan gomo, anenge kuramba (Kohut, Unakite, Black, smoky, hombe, zvitema, etc.), Height - 1-1.5? Km. Izvi "gomo wekare" - gobvu cores Caledonide, rakagadzirirwa denudation.

Bhandi anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri nokumipata

Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru nzvimbo Mountains Appalachian iri kumavirira pavo. Izvi zvinonzi Mountain Young, kana bhandi anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri nemipata. Heano dzinonakidza zviri kuedza North America. Sedimentary pamatombo Paleozoic yaitonga rinoumbwa rose nharaunda: neeSultan - shales uye sandstones mumupata - Dolomites uye limestones. Akatambanudza kwemazana makiromita zasi-kumavirira kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva mutsetse tatamuka kumakomo, rakapamhamha nemipata chinjana pamwe sandara-zvikamu kana muzinga pamwe yakatetepa anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri. Panguva kukwira pamusoro 500-600 metres, pazasi mumipata. anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri nenhongonya vanosvika 1-1.2? km. Valley tectonically kumirira anticlinoria anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri vari synclinoria. Kuti, panguva ino kunoonekwa zvakajeka mismatch mhando tectonic maumbirwo yazvino chimiro, iro rine ruyamuro pano kuNorth America. Photos of Appalachia rinotaurwa pazasi.

Uyu ndiwo muenzaniso wokufambisa, kana inversion mhando zvokuyamura. Unowanikwa mumakomo rakanyatsojeka isingawanzowanikwi, uye vazhinji zvakajeka muna Appalachians. Izvi mhando muchazorora pamwe pemitsara vakatanga kunzi "Appalachian zororo." Belt "muduku gomo" kumadokero anomisa zviri Appalachian Plateau (Cumberland, Allegheny). Ndicho protrusion ane nokukwirira iri 300-400 m. Izvi zviri yepamusoro rwenze Piedmont. Its pamusoro okumabvazuva pamucheto nhema panguva nekukwirira anenge 1,2 km uye kumavirira - 500. Plateau nzvimbo dissected zvikuru mumipata nzizi siyana (kuzvimbirwa ea pamwe yakamanikana uye kumawere) ..

Zvakanaka, zvino kuti zvakazorodza North America akanga muchidimbu kudzokororwa munyaya ino, tine tariro zvichava nyore kwaari kuti mharidzo yake.