"Nokuti akakunda pamusoro Königsberg": menduru kuti magamba

East Prussia aiva springboard pairi kuti pfungwa mauto kuti kurwisa vanhu vokuMabvazuva. Nokudaro, kubatwa zviri Koenigsberg aiva inokosha inokosha kukura mune zvechiuto uye enyika mazwi.

Kusimbisa uye kudzivirira wakakombwa

Königsberg yakagadzirira zvakanaka yokuzvidzivirira refu, nhare akapoteredzwa misara mitatu kudzivirira. Mumwe wavo riri chinhambwe kubva muguta dzinomiririrwa nhare 15 dzinongoda pakuri atirari pfuti, murazvo throwers uye zvigwagwagwa. nhare neimwe yaiva mhando nhare duku yayo ravarwi. The nzvimbo pakati nhare maigara bunkers uye pillboxes, saka kuti chose mutsetse nomuvengi paaizvidzivirira raiwanzobatana chichiitwa vachiridzira mutsetse.

Mutsara kudzivirira Königsberg yechipiri yakaitwa pamusoro kweguta. Chaiva nematombo uye kongiri zvivako, zvikuru kutendeuka kushandiswa zvechiuto. Pakati Königsberg ane wechitatu rakavakirirwa kupfuura kudzivirira. Nhare akanga vakapakata pachivande utilities, nhare. chakagadzirwa mvura zvipingamupinyi zvakasikwa. Castle yakanga 4 zviuru akasiyana pfuti, anoverengeka zana dzehondo, kurwisa pfuti. Nhare ravarwi raiva vanenge zviuru 130 vanhu. Uyezve, Kenigsberg akafukidza kubva mumhepo anenge mazana maviri muvengi ndege.

Storming uye Capture pamusoro Königsberg

Storming ane nhare muvengi rakatanga muna 1945, April 6. Manual kuvhiyiwa kwakaitwa mutungamiri wechitatu Belarus pamberi Marshal Soviet Union Vasilevskim Aleksandrom Mihaylovichem, iyo panguva Kuvhiya yaisanganisira 1st kuBaltic Front wavarwi chakanga Ivan Hristoforovich Bagramyan. With mhepo rutsigiro apiwa ndege pasi murayiro Marshal Alexander Alexandrovich novikov. ndege zvakasiyana 2,400 chete, vanopfuura 500 Matangi uye kuzvidzora propelled pfuti vaivapowo oparesheni.

Pasinei nokutsamwa kudzivirira muvengi, April 9, 1945 Königsberg nhare guta capitulated. In pakutapwa 92.000 vanhu vakatorwa, masoja 42,000 German vakaurayiwa. Munenge midziyo yose muchiuto yakaparadzwa nevaNazi. Munyika hondo, mauto edu haana kusangana masvingo izvi, izvo dzakavakwa Koenigsberg. Rakanga mumwe munzvimbo kupfuura kuti kumwezve tichidzivisa, kunyange kana kuzviparadzanisa zvakakwana.

History mibayiro

Mukuru rwemberi Soviet Army General A. V. Hrulev muna April 1945, akaisa basa racho michina komiti - gadzirira menduru kuti kubatwa mumaguta vari kunze Soviet Union. "Nokuti akakunda pakati Königsberg" - menduru rakasiyana nemamwe, ndiyo chete iyo haina paakavapa kuti kubatwa yemisoro ose rinoti uye nokuda kubatwa wakakombwa. Izvi nhindi simbi yaiita sokuti nyore, asi anovanza chimedu nhoroondo, kwete chiitiko chaicho, asi upenyu zvevanhu.

mubayiro "Nokuti akakunda pakati Königsberg" rakavambwa June 9, 1945 mukukudza mukukunda masoja edu muhondo iyi. The menduru yakaitwa pamusoro magadzirirwe AI Kuznetsova. The obverse of mibayiro dziri muchidimbu, "Nokuti kubatwa pakati Königsberg" pamusoro - shanu-rwakavakwa nyeredzi, Laurel bazi nechepasi. Pazuva neizvi divi mari rakanyorwa "April 10, 1945" uye musi pamusoro ane shanu-wakananga nyeredzi.

Pacharo menduru nendarira, pakanga pane kumativi chimiro 32 mm mu dhayamita. With ringlet uye Tab zvakabatana kuti chinogumbura mubayiro. Block mari ane pentagonal chimiro, akafukidzwa mitsetse Ribbon mavara matema uye girini. Pane zvakawanda zvaunogona mibayiro "Nokuti akakunda vose Koenigsberg", kuti menduru inowanika nezvirwere maviri nzeve: ndokutsika uye soldered.

Kubva nzvimbo mari

Vanhu nokuti chero chikonzero havana kugamuchira mubairo, asi aiva nekodzero awane menduru "Nokuti wokukundwa Königsberg", akanga paakavapa ari rugwaro, ndokutsika uye chasainwa wavarwi. Mharidzo Medals anobudiswa pamberi gwaro achisimbisa zvakananga mugove kubatwa uye storming pamusoro Königsberg. Gwaro iri rakapa vatungamiri uye vakuru vemauto zvokurapa masangano.

Mharidzo Medals dzaidzidziswa vatungamiri vezvikwata zvechiuto. Kuvanhu kwakadonha kubva Red Army uye Navy, award kwakaitika romunharaunda, dunhu uye guta yemapurisa munharaunda.

Chirevo Supreme Council

In zvachose, vanenge mamiriyoni 760 varwi edu vakagamuchira mubayiro "Nokuti akakunda vose Königsberg." The menduru yaipfekwa kurutivi pechipfuva rworuboshwe. In pamberi mamwe mubayiro-kukunda vakagara mushure menduru kuti "Nokuti kubatwa kweBudapest".

Maererano chisarudzo Supreme Soviet of USSR, muna February 1951 nayo, vakawana kuti menduru "Nokuti wokukundwa Königsberg" uye chapupu kwaari pashure pokufa mubairo kuramba mumhuri yake. Asati ichi chirevo menduru uye chitupa paakavapa vakadzokera mamiriro pashure porufu.

Mushure Great Patriotic War, chikamu East Prussia akapfuura kuti Soviet Union, kusanganisira nhare guta Koenigsberg. Muna 1946, guta Königsberg Yakazopiwa zita rokuti Kaliningrad vachikudza wemufi mutungamiri bato Mihaila Ivanovicha Kalinina.

Paakavapa kuti menduru kuti kubatwa zviri Königsberg

Ropa uye ziya unodiridzwa munda East Prussia mauto edu. Anokosha uye makuru Feat nokuzadzikiswa nemasoja edu. The menduru "Nokuti wokukundwa Königsberg" - chete mubayiro duku kuti akakodzera hondo dzedu. isu asvika mamwe mazita magamba, pakati pavo Alexei Solomonovich Gershgorn, Nikolay Nikolaevich Naprimerov, Semyon Samuilovich Levin, Yefim Evseevich Spiritual Gyulmamed Gyulmamedov, Naplyueva Valentina Fyodorovna, Ivanova Dmitriy Semenovich. Mari upenyu uye utano rakapiwa kwavari kuti varwise uye kubatwa wakakombwa. Uye haana akambochera mazita mazita. The menduru "Nokuti wokukundwa Königsberg" vakapiwa nemijenya hondo dzedu, asi vamwe mibayiro, zvinosuruvarisa havana kuwana magamba avo.

Kutora Königsberg aiva muenzaniso umhare Feat varwi edu. Risingakanganwiki uye anodhura chiratidzo akava kwatiri menduru "Nokuti wokukundwa Königsberg". Photo mibayiro, zvinosuwisa, kazhinji unouya mhiri paIndaneti akazaruka dzezvimwe anozivikanwa "nokutengeserana." Dzimwe nguva tinokanganwa kuti chikuru Feat akaita masoja edu. Kutora Königsberg aiva danho iri hondo yose: anobudirira kuvakwa kurwa East Prussia akazarura nzira yokuti isu Berlin. Kuwedzera kuri kubvumirwa kubatanidza guta Königsberg uye nzvimbo dzakapoteredza muSoviet Union. Zvino guta Kaliningrad ari chikamu Russian Federation. Honor, nokubwinya uye ndangariro kusingaperi masoja edu kukunda hondo iyi.