Nikitsky Monastery (Pereslavl) kero. Archimandrite Dimitry (Hramtsov)

zvirokwazvo chikuru kukwezvana yeRussian guta yekare Pereslavl-Zaleski akanga Nikitsky wemamonk, inova imwe mukuru Russia. Umbwa pamberi Tartar nechisimba, iye akapupurira zviitiko zvakawanda anokosha munhoroondo yedu, uye pamwe chete vanhu Akatsungirira matambudziko ose Tartar joko, panguva Nguva Troubles uye Bolshevik dzakaoma.

Church pagungwa Pleshcheeva

About kana rakaumbwa Pereslavl Nikitsky wemamonk, akaramba mashoko nokururamisira kujeka chokuita chiitiko ichi pakutanga emakore, kuitika mushure kubhabhatidzwa Rus. Kubva mabhuku shongwe yacho XV remakore, rinonzi Bhuku grade, zvinozivikanwa kuti St. Vladimir mumaoko achitonetsekawo Rostov-Suzdal nyika mwanakomana wake Boris.

It anotizve kuti muna 1010 pamusoro muchinda muduku, pamwe Bishop Hilarion, rooting nyaya yake dzinotaurwa zvechihedheni, yakavambwa mumhenderekedzo kweLake Pleshcheeva machechi akawanda. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kunhivi mumwe wavo, uye nzanga wakasikwa, kushandurwa pamusoro nguva Nikitsky wemamonk. Izvi yaiva nhano inokosha kune pokugadzwa chiKristu munyika idzi.

yemamongi vatsvene pakutanga

In nhoroondo zvinyorwa pre-Mongol nguva rinotaura yemamongi ikoko, asi XV remakore yaiumbwa hwake rokutanga St. Nikity Stolpnika, kamwe nomwoyo nharo pano, uye akataura zvakajeka kuti akagara XII remakore, uye hunosimbisawo kudanana kwokutanga rokuvambwa wemamongi.

Pakafa mutsvene akaropafadza simba rake akawana chipo zvishamiso. It inozivikanwa Somuenzaniso, kuti kubudikidza neminyengetero, akakwira pamberi pavo vakaporeswa, evanhu vakawanda. Pakati pavo paiva muduku Chernigov Prince Michael pamusoro Chernigov uye mwanakomana Ivan Groznogo Ivan, uyo yakazobudiswa vakaurayiwa mababa pakupisa hasha.

Pakati pevagari wemamongi tinowana vanozvinyima zvikuru, pashure akavaka dzimwe yemamongi Pereslavl. Zvikuru nomukurumbira pakati pavo ndiye Daniel mutsvene, somusande ari chiso musande. Ndiye musiki Utatu Danilov wemamongi.

Paumbwe zvokunyama mujinga wemamongi

Asati pakutanga XVI remakore wemamongi Nikitsky zvakaoma akamira pakati pezvimwe dzemamongi, mune zvakasiyana-siyana zvichiitika panguva iri Rostov-Suzdal nyika. Monks akararama chete basa rake, wakaguta chete mwero zveminda akaita nazvo zvaida Hongu zvisingawanzoitiki mipiro vechinamato.

mamiriro avo emari kwakavandudza chete muna 1515, apo Eustace pereslavlsky mudhikoni, akagamuchira kuburikidza neminyengetero pamberi zvisaririra St. Daniel nokuporesa zvirwere zvinouraya, rave pasi wemamongi muchivigiro vainge kuzozvidzorerwa. With mari iyi, chechi yematanda, vagadzwe kukudzwa wezvishamiso akaponesa naye, uye mukurumbira wake akakwezva Mapilgrim akawanda yakavakwa.

Muna 1521, Nikita Monastery akanga aitira zvizhinji Uglich Prince Dmitry Ioannovich, akamupa musha, chikamu chayo patrimony. Huru yemamongi anyatsoronga zvakazoonekwa kuti Grand Muchinda Moskovskiy Vasily III - baba Ivana Groznogo. On ake murayiro uye yakagoverwa kwavari nzira iri mundima yemamongi 1523 rakanga rakakwirira Nikitsky Cathedral.

Vakagara pasi Ivan anotyisa

Kubva panguva ino kunobva chechechi ruva nguva, izvo inowira yepamusoro nguva dzose Ivana Groznogo. Nikitsky Monastery (Pereslavl), iro abbot iyo Vassian ainakidzwa nzvimbo yamambo, akatora chinokosha nzvimbo pakati dzimwe dzemamongi. Hypochondriac uye kwose kwose vanowanzotevedzera kuona kusavimbika, mambo akaronga kushandisa simba wemamongi masvingo somunhu haringakupembedzi oprichnina nhare, kana chipi chikonzero, chikuru nhare dzayo - Alexander Sloboda vanorasikirwa rakavimbika.

The kuvakwa idzva Cathedral of Nikitsky

Zvinozivikanwa kuti Ivan uye mhuri yake nhengo vakashanyira Nikitsky wemamonk, zvichiita multi-zuva kunonamata nawo. nomupiro norupo mambo ari kuvakwa mirairo yake uye mari yake chivakwa mutsva Nikitsky Cathedral, kutsiva yakare, yakavakwa baba vake zvikuru. Chivako yekare kwakaitika mairi kumaodzanyemba chapero, vagadzwe nokukudzwa kwavo zvikuru vairemekedza mutsvene Nikity Stolpnika. murayiro wake vakagadzirawo nezvimwe zvivako kwete vaburukira kwatiri, kana kunze, asi kuti kuchinja chitarisiko.

Muna 1564, Mambo pachake akasvika yakatarwa okugadza of Church itsva uye akapa hombe chandelier rakagadzirwa nendarira uye ane yakakwirira hwokudhirowa kushongedzwa. Amuperekedze wake Anastasia Romanova, chakapiwa amene yakamendwa mufananidzo St. Nikity Stolpnika, akaita namaoko aro. Asi chikuru uye chinokosha kupfuura chipo wamambo akanga akawanda fiefdoms vakapa kuna wemamongi uye kuvaka yakavimbika zvinhu hwaro ivepo.

Munguva Great Troubles

Dambudziko rakatanga nokuti wemamongi panguva Troubles. Kufanana zhinji dzemamongi Pereslavl akadzokorora akarwisa vavengi. Muna 1609 hama tichibatsirwa veko vanhu vakakwanisa kukurira rwokukomba, uye kuti kudzinga muvengi masvingo wemamongi, asi pashure pemakore maviri Lithuanians, vachitungamirirwa Lva Sapegi, akakwanisa akakunda wemamongi.

Vazhinji vanogara vakaurayiwa, dzimba dzichapambwa, uye kupiswa, uye chishamiso vakapukunyuka abbot Mishaeri, akava kudzungaira. Nanhasi, mumwe anogona kuona akachengetedzwa kubva nguva idzodzo mbiri Lithuanian pfuti, akatora mugove kukombwa wemamongi muna Pereslavl Historical Museum.

The kumutsidzirwa wemamongi

Kudzorerwa wemamongi rakatanga nokukurumidza pashure akwira choushe, mambo Romanov youmambo chekutanga - Mikhail Fedorovich changamire. Iye baba vake Patriarch Filaret mipiro huru dzakaitwa, izvo zvakaita kuti tikwanise pakarepo kutanga basa.

Muvhiki ushe, kare pasi Aleksei Mikhailovich, panguva mari yake uye mipiro muna 1645 rakavakwazve masvingo nenhare dzakapoteredza wemamongi. Panguva iyoyowo, akateya Annunciation Church, vakaramba anenge kuchinja kusvikira nhasi.

Muna 1698, Nikita wemamongi akashanyirwa Peter I. Mushure kurarama ikoko mazuva mashoma, mambo akapa chirevo akasimbisa wemamongi achiri baba vake mvumo kuti kodzero kuredza mudziva Pleshcheeva. Mumazuva iwayo kwakanga kusina youmambo nyasha diki, sezvo gungwa akanga akapfuma nehove, uye vamhan'ari nokuda kwayo oga hove zvakakwana. By ushe Petra Velikogo kuvakwa wemamongi chapero pamusoro Chernigov, iro vaiona rokupedzisira muenzaniso vekare werudzii muna Pereslavl wechokwadi.

Papera nguva

Muzana XVII remakore wemamongi kutambura zvakakomba nenyonganiso havana kuwana. Kunyange kuomera dzimba zhinji; ushe Catherine II, aizivikanwa zvenyika (kushaya) veminda chechi, iye akapukunyuka nekaupenyu asina kumbokuvadzwa. It yakaramba munharaunda yayo uye kuvakwa. Kunyanya, kare yakavakwa Church of Annunciation yakavakwa chapero uye akavaka chapero pamusoro mbiru, imire apo, maererano nengano, masikati nousiku achinyengetera Saint Nikita.

mbiru iyi akaita basa rinokosha muupenyu wemamongi. Iye ngetani simbi, izvo akatakurwa kamwe Vairwadzisa tsvene anozviramba, kwemazana emakore kwakaratidza sezvo mukuru yomukatikati, uye ivo mwoyo Mapilgrim akawanda wemamongi, pave pakupera wemamongi yepfuma. Paiva nenguva apo, pamwe navo, uye akaratidza ibwe chivharo, nokuti chinangwa chakafanana ngetani, asi muna 1735 kereke Moscow zviremera akaibata.

Wokupedzisira kuvakwa chakakomba akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze pakutanga pakati XIX remakore, kana yakavakwa nguva Ivana Groznogo chechi gedhi namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara uye panzvimbo yayo yakavakwa bhero shongwe, izvo zvinogona kuonekwa nhasi.

Makore poutongi

Kutanga XX remakore harikunguruswi kumativi wemamongi pamwe chete utsinye "vhiri tsvuku" (ane mashoko A. I. Solzhenitsyna), uye kuti rwose murefu Russia. Wemamongi yakavharwa uye kubva zvake aigona kuti haana vapambe, hwakatamisirwa miziyamu. Yemamongi yakakomberedzwa rakashandiswa dzakasiyana-siyana zvinodiwa - kubva zororo masayendisiti imba vakadzi jeri.

Muna 1933, pamberi yaimbova Nikitsky church ane maonero Musiki anoparadzirwa zvakanga pachena chinopiswa iconostasis yacho XVI remakore. The moto akaurayawo, uye vazhinji zvimwe zvinokosha mifananidzo Nikitsky wemamonk. Pereslavl, sezvo yose nyika yakanga achivharwa makore pamwero mukuru Anti-vezvitendero nhimbe, akadurura kuva bofu kusakoshesa pachavo nheyo woupenyu vanhu pakunamata.

The rurefu kumutsidzira wemamongi

Munguva manonwe, kana iye pakupedzisira akasiya, uye Stalin, uye Khrushchev kuti kutambudzwa chechi, Cathedral of Nikitsky yokutanga hwokudzorerwa kuitwa kwemakore akawanda. Sezvo basa rinoitwa, unogona kuonekwa kubva chokwadi kuti nguva pfupi pashure, August 2, 1984, zuva chairo apo Chechi yeOrthodox wokupemberera them zuva, vakadonha musimboti cupola kwayo. On wake kupora akatora mumwe makore gumi, uye pakupedzisira kuti Church rakanga rakazaruka atova nguva perestroika.

Kubva ipapo vakatanga zvakakomba basa nezvokudzorerwa, iyo inotungamirirwa ari achangogadzwa Archimandrite Demetrios (Aleksey Mihaylovich Hramtsov). Nikitsky wemamonk, chaizvoizvo kuwana kuzvarwa yaro yechipiri. Ko chete kupa yaimbova chitarisiko kwezvivako zvayo, asiwo bereka pamasikiro omukati, uyewo apiwa mhanya kupenda madziro.

Zvino mabasa aya vanotofanira apera, uye Nikitsky wemamonk, vane kero iri :. Yaroslavl nharaunda, Pereslavl, Nikitsky Sloboda p. Zaprudnaya, 20, kuzodzosera akazarurwa. Sezvaiitwa apfuura, kwava ezviuru kunamata nzvimbo yaro tsvene, chikuru iyo - zvisaririra St. seane uchenjeri Nikity Stolpnika, uye vose nyaya yedu panzira.