Nhoroondo kamera, uye mifananidzo

Nhasi hatingagoni kufungidzira upenyu hwangu pasina mifananidzo. Vose yakatipoteredza zvose nguva. Ita pikicha - ane zvepakutanga basa murume ano. Asi kamwe ichi kunogona chete hope. Ngationei kuti chii chaiva nhoroondo kamera nezvaenga kubva mainjiniya pakutanga yazvino.

Man zvagara mwoyo kwazvo. Rimwe zuva aida muirondedzere, kuti ape kuumba. Munhetembo ratora chimiro mashoko akanaka, ari music - inzwi, uye kupenda - mufananidzo. Chinhu bedzi aisagona anopamba vanhu - pakarepo. Somuenzaniso, kuti abate kutinhira dutu, nokupatsanura denga, donhwe kana kumbozorora. With veMubatanidzwa kamera ndiyo zvakawanda zvinoita. Nhoroondo kukura kamera zvinosanganisira akawanda kuedza zvigadzirwa vanyori mufananidzo. Rinotanga kare kare, apo kudzidza optics chiedza refraction, masvomhu akacherechedza kuti mufananidzo inogona kunoshandurwa nokuisa kuburikidza chiduku gomba mumba rima. Funga kukosha zviitiko sei nhoroondo kamera.

Mitemo Kepler raMwari

Uye munoziva, kana nhoroondo kamera yakatanga? Mabikirwo wokutanga, izvo vakazotanga kushandiswa pave mifananidzo, akazviratidza muna 1604, apo Yogann Kepler - German muongorori wenyeredzi - akasimbisa mitemo kuratidzwa chiedza mugirazi. Naizvozvo, vakanga nheyo dzidziso lenses kuburikidza iyo Galileo Galilei - rokuItari yefizikisi - akasika teresikopu yokutanga yenyika kuchengeta miviri yokudenga. ranzi refraction musimboti rakaumbwa uye kudzidza. Zvazvinosarira kudzidza kunyora zvichiguma mufananidzo pamusoro papepa.

Panovhurwa Niepce

Anenge maviri emakore gare gare, muna 20s rechiFrench muvambi remakore rechi19 Zhozef Nisefor Neps akawana nzira mufananidzo kubatwa. Vazhinji vanodavira kuti zvakanga kubva nguva vakatanga nhoroondo Nezvekwakabva kamera. The Funga zvimwe zvokugadzira nzira ine pakurapa chiedza kupinda Asphalt varnish vachirichengeta pamusoro girazi pamusoro. varnish ichi Aimiririrwa chinhu chakafanana ano nebhitumini magirazi kunzi pinhole kamera. With nzira iyi, mufananidzo ndakawana chimiro uye pakaonekwa. Yaiva nguva yokutanga munhoroondo, kana kupenda ndokukweverwazve kwete by the artist asi refracted mwaranzi yechiedza.

New yepamusoro mufananidzo kubva Talbot

Kudzidza kamera obscura Niepce, Chirungu yefizikisi William Talbot akaita kuvandudzwa mufananidzo unhu nokushandisa zvisina kunaka - waakanga afunga mifananidzo anodhinda. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1835. Izvi zvakawanikwa zvaiita kwete chete kutora mufananidzo unhu hutsva, asi kutevedzera navo. Nechepakati photos yokutanga Talbot chisimbiso pahwindo reimba yake. The mufananidzo zvakajeka rinopa pepa rehurukuro nepahwindo uye pamatanda. Kwomushumo wake, yakanyorwa zvishoma kwapera, Talbot akadana mufananidzo ine nyika yakanaka. Ndiye nheyo nheyo yakashandiswa kudhinda mapikicha kwemakore anouya.

Kugadzirwa Sutton

Muna 1861, Chirungu mifananidzo T. Sutton kwakasimbiswa kamera kuti aiva chete dzepanguva izvo. The kamera rine mutiraipodhi uye hombe bhokisi riri pamusoro rutivi waiva pabutiro inokosha. Kusiyana pechifukidziro ndechokuti haina fambisa chiedza, asi unogona kuona napo. Gogorosi yakanyorwa pfungwa pamusoro girazi, izvo tichibatsirwa nezvionioni iumbe mufananidzo. Kazhinji, raiva rokutanga kamera. History pakuzadzisa mifananidzo yakatanga zvikuru dynamically.

"Kodak"

Brand nevakawanda mazuva ano "Kodak" yakatanga akazivisa pacharo muna 1889, apo Dzhordzh Istman patented mumupumburu wokutanga mafirimu, uye ipapo kamera zvakagadzirirwa zvakananga kuti firimu ichi. Zvinoguma "Kodak" sangano guru. Zvinofadza kuona kuti zita "Kodak" haabati chero kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro loading. Eastman chete aida kukwira neshoko kuti aizotanga uye kupera tsamba chete.

Plate photos

Muna 1904, kuti Lumiere vanozivikanwa akagadza kusunungurwa ndiro kuti ruvara mapikicha. Vakava zvikabva ari mufananidzo ano.

Leica Cameras

Muna 1923, pakava kamera kuti vakashanda pamwe 35mm firimu. Zvino unogona kuona negatives uye kusarudzwa kudhinda zvakanakisisa pavo. Makore maviri gare gare, muna vakawanda kugadzirwa makamera vakanga kwakatangwa Leica. Muna 1935, pakava muenzaniso Leica 2, iyo yakanga nepokuongorora viewfinder, ine simba chinangwa, uye vaigona nokubatanidza mifananidzo miviri kupinda chimwe. A shanduro Leica 3 anobvumira vanoshandisa kugadziridza nguva dzokuteerera. Kwenguva refu Leica mienzaniso yaiva chinhu chinokosha chokufunga ari Photographic unyanzvi.

ruvara firimu

Muna 1935, Kodak akatanga kubudisa ruvara firimu "Kodakhrom". Pashure kudhinda firimu iri raifanira kupiwa shure nokuda dzokororo, panguva iyo ruvara zvinoriumba vari seari. Makore manomwe gare gare, dambudziko racho ragadziriswa. Somugumisiro, firimu "Kodakkolor" inotevera hafu remakore yave imwe inonyanyoshandiswa kushandiswa nemazvo uye mudzidzi mifananidzo.

"Chamber" kamera

Muna 1963, nhoroondo kamera ane vector itsva. The kamera "Polaroid" akashandura pfungwa kutsanya mufananidzo rokudhinda. The kamera unokubvumira kudhinda mapikicha pakarepo pashure rakaitwa. Waifanira chete kuti bhatani uye kumirira maminitsi mashoma. Panguva ino, kamera zvaunoswedera yakachena anodhinda mufananidzo contours, uye ipapo azere range. For 30 akatevera, "Polaroid" makamera vakanochengeta ushasha pamusoro pamusika. The kuderera popularity mienzaniso izvi vakatanga chete mumakore apo akatanga nguva digitaalinen mifananidzo.

Mumakore 70 vakatanga kupa makamera dzokupisa meter, motokari pfungwa, yakavakwa muna nokupenya uye zvaitika kupfura modes. Munguva 80s, dzimwe mhando vakatobatana akashongedzerwa mura sekristaro vanoratidza, izvo zvinoratidza pazviruva uye modes ari mudziyo. Nhoroondo digitaalinen kamera yakatanga munenge iyoyowo.

Nguva digitaalinen mifananidzo

Muna 1974, nemhaka yemagetsi zvenyeredzi teresikopu, akabudirira mukuita yokutanga digitaalinen Photo kudenga. Muna 1980, Sony yakatanga kubudiswa digital kamera Mavica. Vhidhiyo, ndokupfura kwake, akanga akanyorwa pamusoro floppy diskette nemotokari. Inogona nokusingaperi kucheneswa nokuti zvinyorwa zvitsva. Muna 1988 rakasvika muenzaniso digitaalinen mudziyo kubva Fujifilm pakutanga. The mudziyo ainzi Fuji DS1P. Photos akatorwa kwaari, vakaramba digitaalinen muchimiro pamusoro wemagetsi svikiro.

Muna 1191, Kodak akasika digital SLR kamera, wakange ane 1,3 megapixel chisarudzo uye vanoverengeka mashandiro kuti zvinoita kuti nyanzvi digitaalinen mifananidzo. A Canon kambani muna 1994 akagovera ayo kamera Manyiminya mufananidzo Kudzikamiswa hurongwa. Achiteverwa Canon firimu mienzaniso rakadzika uye kambani Kodak. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1995. Nhau dzairamba pamusoro kamera yave vakashanduka kunyanya simba, apo tichaona kukosha kukura kwakanga kuzovapo. Uye ndizvo zvazvaiva, saka rutapudzo ichi kukura uye mutengo apo vachiwedzera functionality. Zviri anobudirira mubatanidzwa maitiro aya, uye nhasi boka kunoenderana kubudirira kumusika.

2000s

Samsung Corporation uye Sony, izvo dzinokudziridzwa kwakavakirwa digitaalinen ano, zvakawanda weshumba mugove pawaitengesa digitaalinen Camera. Amateur muenzaniso akakunda muganhu muna 3 megapixel chisarudzo uye vakatanga kukwikwidzana pamwe nyanzvi unyanzvi iri kukura chizvaro. Pasinei nokukurumidza kukura digitaalinen ruzivo - chiso kuonekwa uye kunyemwerera ari puranga, achibvisa "zvitsvuku" maziso, vakawanda Zoom nezvimwe mashandiro, - mutengo Photo michina yava pakugumburwa. Phones vakapakata kamera uye digitaalinen Zoom, kamera akatanga kukunda. Film mano vane vanhu vashoma vanofarira, uye analoginen mifananidzo akatanga kukosheswa sezvo husiri nyore kuwana.

kamera sei?

Zvino, tinoziva kuti pane imwe nguva akanga nyaya kamera. A kumboongorora here, kutarisa kamera mudziyo pedyo.

Film kamera unoshanda zvinotevera nzira: achipfuura chinangwa aperture, chiedza ikasakendenga pamwe firimu zvemapuranga pamwe zvine maatomu akafanana uye kuchengetwa mairi. Dzimba hazvirevi fambisa chiedza, uyewo pakavha firimu yokuisira. In firimu mugero, firimu iri rewound pashure mumwe vapfurwa. The gogorosi ine lenses akawanda kuti kubvumira kuti achinje pfungwa. In nyanzvi gogorosi kunze izvo, akagadzawo Magirazi. Nokupenya Manyiminya mufananidzo wacho akagadzirisa pedyo diaphragm. Tiine shutter kuzarurwa zvishoma shutter rokufukidza firimu. On sei nguva shutter yakazaruka, izvozvo zvinoenderana chokupfeka mapikicha. Kana nyaya iri havaratidzi aibvira, kuti nokupenya inoshandiswa. Inoitwa gasi-zvinoerera rambi, pamwe nguva imwe kumanikidzwa akaipa chinogona kuwanikwa chiedza, kwazvo nokupenya chiedza zviuru makenduru.

The digitaalinen kamera padariro kwemutemo chiedza kuburikidza izvo, uye rinoshandawo somunhu firimu. Asi pashure mufananidzo iri refracted kuburikidza Manyiminya gadziriro, zvinonzi dzikwanise digitaalinen mashoko ari chizvaro. Chisarudzo of chizvaro kunoenderana kunaka mufananidzo. Shure recoded mufananidzo anochengeterwa digitaalinen chimiro pamusoro mutakuri mashoko. Dzimba mumwe kamera kwakadaro rakafanana firimu, asi isina nzira firimu uye nzvimbo vangapiwa pamwe firimu. Panyaya iyi, ukuru digitaalinen kamera huduku zvikuru. Ziendamberi chokufunga yanhasi digitaalinen mienzaniso ndiyo LCD kuratidza. Iye, kune rumwe rutivi, anoshanda somutariri viewfinder, uye pane dzimwe - achibvumira nyore kufamba kuburikidza Muterere uye kuona mugumisiro kukoshesa.

Gogorosi digitaalinen mudziyo zvakare ine lenses kana magirazi. Anogona kuva diki, asi dzichipfekeka mu nevatengi Camera. The chikuru chinhu pamusoro digitaalinen kamera chinhu chizvaro Switch. Chinhu chiduku mundiro ine kondakita, iyo anoumba mufananidzo yepamusoro. Nokuti zvose zvaidiwa digital kamera remhosva microprocessor.

mhedziso

Nhasi takadzidza api matanho akanga inonakidza nyaya yacho kamera. Photos nhasi regai kushamisa munhu, asi pane dzimwe nguva havana vaionekwa chishamiso engineering. Zvino mufananidzo zvaitwa panyaya mumasekonzi, uye pamberi zvinotora mazuva.

History of kamera pamwe veMubatanidzwa digitaalinen makamera ane itsva nhangaruvazhe kukura. Kana yapfuura mumwe mutori wemifananidzo aifanira kuenda ose mazano kuwana mufananidzo wakanaka, asi zvino basa mupfumi pamusoro zvinhu Software kamera. Uyezve, chero mufananidzo digitaalinen inogona mberi rakapepetwa pakombiyuta. The creators of makamera ichi chokutanga hakuiti kunyange ndafungira.