Nhoroondo chirwere Pediatrics. zvirwere pauduku

Medicine, nemhaka vaunganidza ruzivo, nhasi anogona kugadzirisa matambudziko akawanda. To zvakanaka rokuongorora, vanoda nhoroondo zvokurapa munyika Pediatrics. Sezvo yakazvimirira, chiremba basa achiri muduku. Asi kana iwe simudza mabhuku uye kudzidza magwaro ekare, zvinyorwa anogona kuwanikwa India yekare, Egypt, Bhabhironi, China uye mamiriro Urartu vacheche dzichifura, kutarisira zvakanaka uye kurapwa zvirwere uduku. Nechekare muna 15-16 emakore mubhuku yaunogona kuona tsananguro zvirwere pauduku, asi ivo vachiri zvisipo audzwa. Kubvira mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi17 Pediatrics anotanga vaparadzane somunhu yoga nesayenzi. Nechekare muzana remakore rechi18 kutevedzera unyanzvi mabhuku. Yakakwirira kufa kwevana kukanganiswa kukura Pediatrics. Nokukurumidza akatanga kuvhura unyanzvi zvipatara. Nhoroondo yose zvirwere Pediatrics kuti nhasi haringorevi kunyange mazana zvirwere.

Pediatrics uye muduku zvirwere

Pediatrics - iri yoga bazi wemishonga kuti vanodzidza zvinhu kukura vana, chirwere vavo, nyaya hanya achangoberekwa, utano uye achirwara mwana. Pakutanga, kwaingova nyaya Pediatrics uduku zvirwere muduku uye kurwisana kwavo rokubvisa. Nhasi, sayenzi rinobatanidza zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, izvo zvine chokuita ne kwomuzvarirwo kukura uye zvirwere vana kubva pakuzvarwa kusvikira pakuyaruka. dzakadaro ane utsanana, physiology, dietetics, zvirwere zvevana, dziviriro yavo uye kurapwa.

The mwana dzose nguva ikure, ane vanoverengeka anatomical uye vasiri maitiro, mupfungwa nomumuviri umbishi, saka anosarudza kuti specificity chirwere chiitiko. Somuenzaniso, mumwe zvirwere youduku zviri nyore kusvikira vayaruka, akadai rubella uye chibhokisi, asi okumusoro kufema turakiti vana vari oma.

Pyelonephritis muvana

The chirwere pamusoro pyelonephritis zvinoreva pacharo nespetseficheskoe rwarisa uye anogumbura kukuvadza chiuno nephron tubules uye interstitial itsvo tishu. In vana, rinogara chaizvo renal chirwere. Maererano WHO data, chirwere haisi pakarepo mushure Aridhi, riri munzvimbo yokutanga. Zvimwe kutambura pairi vasikana pane vakomana.

Features pyelonephritis

Cheitsvo rinotsanangura uye Pediatrics. Nhoroondo pyelonephritis chirwere anoratidza kuti chinokonzera chirwere ichi chiri chirwere. Today akawana chenjera pyelonephritis uye dzakasiyana siyana ayo pus. Kuratidzwa tembiricha uye marwadzo angatanga tsvuku fivha, bronchitis, dzihwa, septicopyemia, chisingaperi tonsillitis, sefivha, uye vamwe. Muzviitiko zvakawanda, pano E. coli utachiona vari mhando dzakasiyana. Kukanganisa kukura streptococci kwakadaro chirwere, staphylococci, enterococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella, gonococci, Proteus, mikoplazy, Candida mhando notumwe, nemavhairasi, etc.

vana gastroduodenit

chirwere ichi muna vana inosanganisira non-zvakananga kuzvimba mucous membranes mudumbu uye duodenum. Anosangana chirwere uye rikwanise gastro. Medical nhoroondo Pediatrics wayo chirwere haisi nguva dzose zvakarurama, nokuti chirwere chinogona kuvhiringidzwa gastritis. Vane zviratidzo zvakafanana. Chenjera utano Migumisiro sokunge ichi: kurwadziwa uye Kutambudzika chokumusoro mudumbu, muromo yakaoma uye nyota, iine acid regurgitation, kuda kurutsa uye nomusoro. Chirwere gastro rinobatanidza zvakawanda zviratidzo:

- achirwadza pashure achidya imomo muchimiro yokurwiswa abdominal kurwadziwa;

- marwadzo mudumbu kana achingomutambudza;

- kunzwa nokuzara;

- belching;

- chirungurira;

- svoto kana kurutsa;

- kushaya havi;

- rurimi bemhapemha chena kana tsvuku;

- kurasikirwa uremu muviri;

- hope yakaipa;

- nekuneta;

- dzungu;

- tichibatwa kupatira uye manyoka.

A zvishoma yakasiyana chirwere gastro mukuru chevana. Nhoroondo hosha iri Pediatrics kakawanda zvakafanana. Medicine wakawana aungazviita nechirwere, asi kurapwa kwayo nguva yakawanda.

bronchitis

Bronchitis - zvakajairika muupenyu hwedu ane zvirwere rokumusoro kufema turakiti yakakonzerwa neveMamwe nemavhairasi uye noutachiona. Kakawanda iri Pamusana haana apedza mushonga vanhuwo chando. In vakawanda vavo vana vachirwara murombo kushumba uye kudya kunovaka muviri, kusimba, kushaya mavhitaminzi kana simba mumuviri remitemo, pamwe murombo kutapata.

Modern Pediatrics, zvokurapa nhoroondo bronchitis inoti kuti zvikuru zviratidzo chirwere ichi zvinosanganisira:

- runny mhino;

- sneezing;

- chikosoro;

- kupisa panguva kutanga pavaipfuura chirwere.

Kazhinji, whooping chikosoro ane hunhu pasina sputum kuti expectorated frothy, whitish kana viscous kusachinja-chinja. Time haana akarapa bronchitis angatanga kuva chirwere kana dzimwe nguva kunyange asima.

Chenjera bronchitis muvana

miviri zvevana vari vade zvichiita zvose zvemarudzi zvirwere, zvikurukuru - kubva dzakasiyana-siyana bronchitis. Izvi imhaka anatomical uye vasiri maitiro akadai:

1. chakaremara kunotangira dziviriro yezvirwere mumuviri, muviri simba kudzivisa utachiona.

2. Features ari anatomi pamusoro Árbol muti vana kuti hatibvumiri zvakajairika rukodzi sputum.

3. Mukotsilliarny Clearance hakusi vakakwana. Somugumisiro chikamu ichi, pane tsika vawedzere kuunganidza sputum nokuda ndechokuti cilia dzinongoda pamusoro cylindrical mucosal epithelium, haigoni kuratidza.

Features chokubuda bronchitis muvana

Kazhinji pauduku bronchitis zvinotora nguva uye zvakaoma zvikuru kupfuura nedzevakuru. Nokuti vana vaduku chaizvo chirwere chakadaro kuvanengozi. Izvi imhaka chikamu chacho yezwi obstructive chimiro kana munhu refu, idzokororo kuratidzwa pamberi makore 3-5, kusvikira nguva yakadai hazviitiki chinokosha kugadzirisa anatomical zvaiva Árbol sepombi uye zvirwere zvavo. Kuti ruoko chiremba chirwere ichi inofanira kuzivikanwa nhoroondo chirwere rikwanise bronchitis. Pediatrics vakawana nzira kubata nechirwere ichi.

Chaiwo zviri chirwere muvana ndechokuti pakutanga akaratidza kwete chikosoro chete, asiwo zviratidzo kudhaka. Panguva iyi mwana asisina tariro, akanga nefivha, pane simba, hapana kudya. In kuratidzwa kwazvo, pamwe kutora chikamu Árbol mhingaidzo achiumbwa zvakaoma. kupfupika mweya uye wheezing, gurgling femereka. Vana vakura kashoma nomubvunzo nokuratidzwa chirwere.

chibayo

Nemabayo mune vose vana nevakuru inofanira kuti inoitika munyama pamusoro zvemapapu, iro vanova kana kuzviparadzanisa akazvimirira chirwere, kana anoshanda ari kuomesa zvimwe pathologies, dzakadai gwirikwiti, yokuSpain, whooping chikosoro, uye vamwe. Chirwere Iri ndiro rimwe zita - nemabayo.

Sezvo nhoroondo zvirwere Pediatrics, mabayo chirwere zvakajairika. Nemhaka unyanzvi ano nemasayendisiti nguva yedu yave akawana mhaka pulmonary kuzvimba chenjera - ndiwo kukurukurirana pakubhadhara anoverengeka nemavhairasi uye zvigare. Vachibatwa pangozi yokuita chirwere ichi kunyanya vanhu vaya vane rwakashata magariro nemararamiro, murombo zvokudya, kushaya zvokudya zvinovaka muviri, kusimba, exudative diathesis, vhitamini pokuperevedza uye zvakawanda. Kakawanda, izvozvo chirwere pavarwere chiremba akacherechedza muzviitiko zvakawanda sezvo migumisiro yokuSpain chirwere, kufema catarrh, nekuti kuwanda varwere nemabayo, ari kukura yekudyidzana munguva kuchitonhora. Colds uye subcooling kusika yakakodzera mamiriro ezvinhu kuwedzera inokuvadza utachiona. Kakawanda, mutakuri zvirwere zvakadaro munhu ane chikosoro kana chakasimba kufema chirwere.

Kazhinji, kuti incubation nguva kuti nemabayo kunotora mazuva 2-7, iri nguva yose nguva yokumusoro kufema turakiti bacteria muwande. Kazhinji chiratidzo ngozi chirwere zviratidzo zvokutanga anowanzoramba zvishoma chando: runny mhino, kwete kukwirira muviri tembiricha, kwete simba chikosoro, maziso matsvuku nepahuro. Shure kwemazuva maviri zvinoratidza chirwere kwakadaro kunogona kupfuura kana havazodi raidudzwa, mune zvimwe zviitiko, rikwanise mabayo kuvana anova pasina yambiro.

The panowanikwa nemabayo muvana

Heavy kuyerera nemabayo kwakakonzera STRUCTURAL zvaiva kufema hurongwa. Mukomana mwana nasopharyngeal nzvimbo iri underdeveloped, diki kukura uye ayo duku nomumakomba dhayamita mumhino haikwani kuti zvizere noushamwari uye dzinobvisa mhepo kuti anopinda mumapapu panguva kufema. Sezvo nhoroondo chirwere, rikwanise bronchitis pavarwere chiremba akaoma Zara sechinhu chinoita kuti chidzoke uye kukura chirwere ndiko rakatetepa lumen pamusoro trachea uye dokeriro, nyoro mucosa ane muzvizhinji rwengarava nhengo dzinobudisa ropa rive riri kushanda yakaisvonaka iyo. Uyezve, mapapu zvevana vari anoumbwa ane unzenza mamiriro, vane zvakawanda ropa uye vanoonekwa zvishoma mhepo. A achangoberekwa thorax iri cylindrical mu chimiro, nekuti mbabvu dziri zvishoma chinjikira pane nedzevakuru. Ichi vasiri chinhu haibvumiri mucheche kufema zvikuru, nokuti mweya vamwe Nguva anoramba asingafungi.

Kudzivirira chiremba Infectious Diseases

Contemporary Pediatrics vana panyaya iyi zvinopa yakawanda zano, asi pane zvinhu audzwa. Sezvo vose zvirwere kuoneka somugumisiro ingestion pakati utachiona dzevanhu uye maberekero kwavo yatova zvomukati, kuitira kudzivisa utachiona uye migumisiro, zvinokosha kuziva agopfigira anokonzera chirwere, kubvisa hutachiwana zvenhengo kuita zvose zvinobvira kuwedzera kutapata mwana.