Network LTE - chii? Mode, marongerwo uye nokushanda LTE Network

The LTE samambure achangobva kunotenderwa 3GPP. Uchishandisa yakadaro samambure mhepo inowanikwa anogona kuwana kusingaenzaniswi anodawo parameters maererano kunonyanyisa mwero panguva iyo mashoko ari kufambiswa, ari latency kuti tama omumasherufu, uyewo spectral kunyatsoshanda. The Vanyori vanoti kuti kushanda LTE network kushandiswa redhiyo chakarondedzera, multiantennuyu ano, gwara kwadzakabva zvakawanda kusanduka kusaronga zvenhengo kuzodzosera sangano date ataure uye simba kudzora.

prehistory

Mobile Broadband, iyo yakavakirwa packet Data yedzimudzangara michina panguva kumhanya pamusoro HSPA mureza, yava nevakawanda zvinobvumwa vanoshandisa cellular network. Zvisinei, tinofanira kuramba kuti kuvandudzika mabasa avo Somuenzaniso, achishandisa kuwedzera date rokushandura akurumidze, kuderedza latency uye kuwedzera kunopindirana nomumbure vanokwanisa uyewo User zvinodiwa kuti mabasa akadai kukurukurirana zviri kuramba kumuka. With chinangwa ichi, uye akaberekwa Specification radiointrfeysov HSPA Evolution uye LTE 3GPP rakapiwa.

Huru kusiyana mushanduro vamba

LTE mureza rezvebonde wakasiyana kubva kare dzakabudirira 3G ezvinhu akavandudzika unhu, kusanganisira kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza panguva iyo kuchinjwa mashoko - pamusoro 300 megabits por yechipiri packet kuchinjirwa kunonoka kuchaita haapfuuri 10 milliseconds uye spectral kunyatsoshanda yakanga yakakwirira zvikuru. Kuvaka LTE network zvinogona kuitwa munyika itsva kakawanda zvisungo, uyewo huripo dzaishandisa.

redhiyo Izvi papi sezvo kugadzirisa, izvo dzaishandisa zvishoma nezvishoma kufamba kubva maitiro zvinodiwa kuti kuvapo panguva, ndiye 3GPP uye 3GPP2. A Kugadzirwa inowanikwa ichi - izvi zvikuru nhano inokosha kurutivi paumbwe neezvitendero IMT-Advanced 4G network, kuti chizvarwa chitsva. Kutaura zvazviri, muna LTE Specification kare rine vakawanda zviri vakanga pakutanga nokuda 4G hurongwa.

The kuronga nhungamiro redhiyo inowanikwa

Radio kutaurirana ane hunhu kuchiitwa randinogara mune chokwadi chokuti redhiyo chiteshi unhu haisi muupenyu nguva uye nzvimbo uye maitikiro kuzvimiririra. Pano zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti kukurukurirana parameters vari kuchinja tichishandisa nokukurumidza nokuda multipath kupararira. Kuti tirambe pamwero kuramba zvokutsinhanisa mashoko pamusoro redhiyo mugero, yemanyorero kushandisa nzira dzakawanda kuti kurerutsa kuchinja kwakadaro, kureva - siyana zvinoparadzira kusiyana unyanzvi. Panguva iyoyo vari muitiro kuparadzira omumasherufu mashoko vanoshandisa havangagoni cherechedzai pfupi-izwi nokufamba mukati zvishoma unodiwa. LTE zvakarukwa muoti achipfeka sezvo musimboti kwete kuderera redhiyo mukana, uye kushandisa nokukurumidza kuchinja redhiyo chiteshi unhu kuti maximize vakarongeka kushandisa redhiyo zvinhu zvinowanikwa panguva imwe neimwe nguva pfungwa. Izvi rakatangwa muna kakawanda uye nguva nzvimbo kubudikidza OFDM redhiyo kuwana zvigadzirwa.

LTE samambure mudziyo

Imhandoi nehurongwa chete anogona kunzwisiswa kunzwisisa sei rakarongwa. Kwakavakirwa kwakajairika OFDM michina, izvo zvinoratidza kuchinjwa mashoko mhiri vakawanda narrowband subcarriers. Kushandiswa yokupedzisira pavanoparidza cyclic chivakashure kunoita iwe kuti akwirwe pahwaro OFDM nemishonga rwepanyama yokupararira redhiyo chiteshi parameters, uye anobvumira anenge kubvisa kudiwa equalizers dzakaoma kurutivi receiver. Izvi zvinobatsira chaizvo kuti sangano iri uchiburuka chiteshi, sezvo iri mhosva zvinoita nyore kubudiswa chiratidzo mugamuchiri iri huru kakawanda, nokudaro kuderedza Mari chinouraya mudziyo, uye simba ukapisa navo. Uye ichi zvinova kukosha kana uchishandisa 4G LTE samambure pamwe nokupfuuridzirwa ari kwadzinoita vakawanda shinda.

Uplink mugero, sezvamakaropafadzwa airatidza simba riri substantially kudzika kupfuura downlink kunoda fanira nechekuita mukugarisana munzvimbo simba-vakarongeka kushanda mashoko yedzimudzangara nzira kunonyanyisa nhau, kuderedza simba kudyiwa kugamuchirwa mudziyo, uyewo wayo mutengo. The kuferefeta zvakatungamirira chokuti zvino uplink chiteshi LTE anoshandisa chimwe mashoko Frequency michina kutepfenyurwa muchimiro OFDM chete yokupararira mitemo akakodzera pakati discrete Fourier rokuchinja. Akadaro mhinduro achibvumira usingashandi nhamba avhareji uye kunonyanyisa simba dhigiri tichienzanisa chinyakare vachisiyanisa inzwi, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza kunyatsoshanda uye nyore kuvaka chinouraya namano.

The inokosha zvekuvaka inoshandiswa kuparadzira mashoko maererano ODFM zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano zvinogona kuenzanisirwa muchimiro nguva-kakawanda network, izvo unoenderana kutaridza OFDM zviratidzo uye subcarriers panguva uye kakawanda nzvimbo. LTE zvakarukwa muoti yokuti sezvo chikuru date chinhu maviri zvekuvaka nechigumbuso rakashandiswa pano, izvo dzinoenderana kakawanda boka 180 kHz uye nguva penguva mumwe millisecond. A-siyana aimhanya kuti mashoko yedzimudzangara kunogona akaziva Nekubatanidza kakawanda pfuma, kukurukurirana parameter marongero kusanganisira bumbiro mwero uye vachisiyanisa inzwi sezvairayirwa kusarudzwa.

rwokugadzira unhu

Kana tikafunga LTE network, chii, zvichava pachena pashure tsananguro. Kuti vabudirire yakakwirira huru kuti wakaisirwa mhepo inowanikwa pakati pomumbure, Developers ayo akaronga dzinoverengeka asi dzinokosha uye zvinhu. Next achange kurondedzerwa, mumwe nomumwe vane zvakawanda chinoratidza aaiitawo yavo inokosha yakadai zvinhu sezvo inogona pomumbure nhau nzvimbo, kunonoka nguva uye mashoko kutapurirwa nokukurumidza pamusoro.

Kuchinja kushandiswa redhiyo chakarondedzera

Mitemo, izvo anoshanda mune imwe nzvimbo nharaunda, sei nzira Mobile kukurukurirana zvichabviswa kurongwa. Kureva ivo ushandiswe redhiyo chakarondedzera dzinounzwa kuna akasiyana kakawanda yemakomo unpaired kana aiwanzopiwa wokushanda mapoka widths siyana. Yakandinakira - ichi ndechimwe mikuru zvakanakira LTE redhiyo chakarondedzera, iyo anobvumira kushandiswa kwayo mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana. LTE zvakarukwa akitekicha kunoita kwete chete kushanda akasiyana kakawanda neeSultan, asi ispolzovat maitikiro zvisungo vane widths vakasiyana 1.25 20 MHz. Mukuwedzera, zvakadai hurongwa vangaita kushanda mune aiwanzopiwa wokushanda uye unpaired kakawanda evapambi, kuramba nguva uye kakawanda duplex azvaitwa.

Kana isu kutaura pamusoro chinouraya mano, kana ispolzovanenii aiwanzopiwa wokushanda maitikiro zvisungo chikwata anogona kushanda zvakazara-duplex kana hafu-duplex nzira. Chimiro chechipiri, izvo kuteererwa chinouraya hutachiwana uye negashiro mashoko panguva dzakasiyana uye panguva frequencies akasiyana anokwezva nekuti substantially kunoderedza zvinodiwa kuti unhu hwakaratidzwa duplex firita. Nokuda ichi zvinokwanisika kuderedza mari inouraya mano. Uyezve, pane mukana pakatanga ari matsva aiwanzopiwa wokushanda kakawanda zvisungo duku duplex spacing. Zvakaratidza kuti LTE Mobile kukurukurirana Network dzinogona kurongwa munzira chero kuparadzira kakawanda chakarondedzera.

Dambudziko chete kukura redhiyo michina, iyo inopa kusanduka chikumbiro radispektra - kuti kukurukurirana mudziyo enderana. With chinangwa ichi muna LTE zvemichina chinozoiswa fanana puranga mamiriro panyaya kakawanda mapoka akasiyana widths uye zvakasiyana duplex modes.

Multi-kanyanga nhepfenyuro Data

Kushandiswa multi-kanyanga nhepfenyuro mu Mobile kukurukura gadziriro vanogona kuvandudza mashandiro avo, uye kuwedzera mano avo maererano vatengi hanya. Bemhapemha LTE samambure kunosanganisira kushandisa miviri multi-kanyanga yedzimudzangara nzira: kusiyana uye multi-Threaded, sezvo nyaya chaiyo inomira kunze paumbwe rakamanikana kanyanga danda. Kusiyana mashoko anogona kunzi ave nzira yokuenzanisa chiratidzo pamwero unobva antennas maviri, izvo haambotauri dips pakadzika-pamwero anonongedzera kuti vari pedyo mumwe kanyanga akagamuchira nomumwe.

Unogona kuona zvakawanda LTE rwomumbure: chii uye kuti anoshandisa zvose modes izvi? Nzira kusiyana yedzimudzangara pano pazvikanganiso spatial Frequency yeEncoding kuti mashoko kutigumbura, izvo vaisanganisa nenguva kusiyana kuti kakawanda chaishanda kushanda antennas mana panguva imwe chete. Fambisa kusiyana unowanzoonekwa kushandiswa downlink vaiita migero apo hazvibviri kushandisa kusaronga basa zvichienderana ezvinhu kukurukurirana chiteshi. Saka Diversity kutapukirwa inogona kushandiswa tama User data, semuenzaniso, VoIP motokari. Nokuda pfupi yakaderera kusimba motokari iyi hazvigoni kupembedza okuwedzera panhongonya kuti chokuita kusaronga basa ambotaurwa. Nokuda kusiyana date kuchinjirwa zvinokwanisika kuwedzera nharaunda yacho masero uye inogona pemambure.

Multithreaded hutachiwana nokuti mawa kuchinjwa vakawanda mashoko runoyerera imwe redhiyo gwara iri kushandisa akawanda kugamuchira nekufambisa antennas vari chinouraya midziyo nechigadziko yemapurisa network, ukuwo. Izvi zvinooneka inowedzera kunonyanyisa umbowo mwero Mukutepfenyura. Somuenzaniso, kana chirwere mudziyo iri vakapakata antennas mana uye nhamba pa nechigadziko yemapurisa, zviri zvechokwadi ndiyo mawa hutachiwana chimwe redhiyo mugero mana umboo dzemvura, vachibvumira chaizvoizvo kuti mana nguva yakawanda bandwidth.

Kana ukashandisa samambure ine pokuwanda kwebasa diki kana masero diki, nemhaka multi-kumhanyira zvichaita kuti vabudirire yakakwirira bandwidth zvakakwana kuti redhiyo, uyewo kushandisa rine unyanzvi redhiyo mari. Kana pane masero guru uye refu mwero kusimba mutoro, gwara unhu haabvumiri kushandisa izvozvo muupenyu multipotoka nzira. Panyaya iyi, chiratidzo unhu inogona nani kana kushandiswa akawanda wokushandura antennas vaite yakamanikana danda kuparadzira mashoko mune rimwe murukova.

Kana tikafunga LTE pomumbure - zvinopa wake kuita zvikuru kunyatsoshanda - ipapo zviripo kugumisa kuti unhu pabasa siyana anodawo ezvinhu, ruzivo urwu chinozoiswa adaptive multi-rukova yedzimudzangara, izvo zvinoita kuti nguva dzose chinja nhamba nehova zvitange panguva, maererano anogara achichinja Link mamiriro. With yakanaka gwara mamiriro anogona kuitwa panguva imwe chete fambisa kusvika mana umboo hova anogona kuzadzisa yedzimudzangara prices anosvika 300 megabits muzana wechipiri ari kakawanda bandwidth 20 megahertz.

Kana channel wehurumende haisi saka zvakanaka, nokupfuuridzirwa akaita hova mashoma. Pakadaro, ari kanyanga zvinogona kushandiswa kuumba yakamanikana danda muenzaniso, kuwedzera zvinonyatsorehwa kugamuchirwa quality, iyo pakupedzisira inotungamirira kuwedzera maitiro kugona uye kuwedzera nzvimbo basa. Kuti vave nechokwadi chaizvo nhau nzvimbo kana uchatamisa mashoko ari kumhanya, zvinokwanisika wokushandura imwe date rukova ane nhete danda, kana kuti kushandisa zvakafanana migero munzvimbo dzokuzororera dzaiva nhepfenyuro Data.

The mashandiro kuchinja uye kusaronga ane kutaurirana mugero

Nheyo kushanda LTE network anoratidza kuti munhu kusaronga kuchareva kuparadzirwa samambure pfuma pakati mashoko vanoshandisa. Pano zvinopa simba kusaronga ari downlink uye uplink makwara. LTE samambure muRussia akamisa panguva kuitira yokufudza hova pakukurukurirana uye zvinonyatsorehwa chokupika yose yezvinhu.

LTE redhiyo inowanikwa hunosanganisira Implementation pakati kusaronga mashandiro, zvichienderana ezvinhu kukurukurirana chiteshi. Narwo anobvumira date kuchinjirwa panguva dzakakwirira aimhanya, iyo runowanikwa kushandiswa rokumusoro kurongeka vachisiyanisa inzwi, nokupfuuridzirwa mamwe mashoko Hova, kuderedza mwero mugero Coding, uyewo kuderedza achidzokorora dzeredhiyo. Kuti aite izvi kunosanganisira kakawanda uye nguva zvinhu dzinoratidzwa mamiriro pfupi yakanaka yokukurukura. Zvakaratidza kuti kuchinjwa pamamiriro yakawanda mashoko ari kuitwa pfupi nguva.

LTE samambure muRussia, sezvo dzimwe nyika, zvakavakwa kuti motokari mabasa, izvo inogarwa vorega omumasherufu vane payloads diki pashure iyoyo zvikamu, kunogona kukonzera vanofanira kuwedzera Vhoriyamu zvichikurukura motokari kuti kunodiwa kuti vakagwinya kusaronga. Zvingaita pfuura uwandu mashoko pachishandiswa inodzidzisa. Ndokusaka pane zvakadai chinhu sechinhu kunofambira mberi kusaronga pamusoro LTE Network. Kureva, zvinova pachena, kana tichiti inodzidzisa anosarudza imwe redhiyo Frequency kuwana kuti kupararira imwe nhamba Sub-mapuranga.

Nokuda mashandiro kuchinja zvinokwanisika "nepavaigona zvose zvinobvira" kubva mugero pamwe simba unongotaura. Kunoitawo kuti asarudze inoshandiswa Coding zano uye vachisiyanisa inzwi maererano chii ezvinhu dzinoratidzwa LTE kutaurirana Network. Kuti zvaizova zvinonzwisisika kana kutaura kuti basa rake zvarinoita mwero date nhepfenyuro, uyewo mukana wokuti kupa chero zvikanganiso.

Simba iri uplink uye mutemo

Izvi zvinoumba chokuita basa simba pamwero airatidza nokuda zviteshi, kuwedzera nomumbure vanokwanisa, kuvandudza kukurukurirana, kuti nzvimbo mishumo yakawanda kuderedza simba rakawanda. Kubudirira Zvinangwa izvi, simba kudzora zvigadziriswe vanowanzotevedzera maximize rinokosha pamwero mazano chiratidzo apo mukuderedza chipingaidzo.

LTE samambure "Beeline" uye mamwe mashoko anoratidza kuti zviratidzo zviri uplink vari orthogonal, riri pakati vanoshandisa muchitokisi chete inofanira kuva yakawiriranwa chipingaidzo, kanenge, ichi kwomunguva yakanaka ezvinhu yokukurukurirana. Padanho ruzha akasikwa vanoshandisa mumasero pedyo, zvinoenderana apo emitting chinouraya, kuti ndiwo sei attenuates chiratidzo munzira kuenda sero. LTE samambure "megaphone" hwakarongwa saizvozvo. Zvichava zvakarurama kuti: pedyo kuti chirwere ari muchitokisi pedyo, dzakanga ruzha pamwero, yaakanga anosika mairi. Zviteshi, vari rebei kure sero pedyo vanogona kutapurira anonongedzera simba zvikuru vachienzaniswa naye zviteshi iri nayo pedyo napedyo.

Nokuda orthogonality kuti anonongedzera vari uplink vanogona multiplexed anonongedzera akasiyana simba zviteshi imwe chete mugero muchitokisi chete. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hapana chikonzero kudzikamisa chiratidzo watsemuka kuti simuka nokuda multipath Mashoko redhiyo mafungu, uye vanogona kushandiswa kuwedzera nhepfenyuro Data mwero pakushandisa kwadzakabva uye kusaronga zvigadziriswe yokukurukura makwara.

relaying date

Chero kukurukurirana hurongwa, uye LTE nomumbure muUkraine hakuna kunze, kubvira nguva nenguva tinokanganisa ari muitiro tama data, somuenzaniso, nokuda chiratidzo wasvava, kukanganiswa kana ruzha. Error dziviriro nokuda nzira retransmission kurasika kana kukanganiswa zvikamu ruzivo kuti vasaite kuitira yepamusoro kutaurirana. The redhiyo zvekuvaka rinoshandiswa zvikuru rationally kana date retransmission dzakati rinorongwa zvakanaka. Kushandisa kumhanya mhepo inowanikwa zvakazara, LTE zvemichina ane dynamically inobudirira maviri-pamwero Data ataure hurongwa kuti zvokurimisa Mbeu dzakauchikwa ARQ. It kunoratidzwa panhongonya duku inodiwa inofambiswa uye retransmission data, vaisanganisa kusarudza wodzokorora dzakati mukuru rakavimbika.

HARQ dzakati inopiwa kugamuchira zano wandisa mashoko a, iyo kunomupa mukana kugadzirisa chaiwo zvikanganiso. Retransmission HARQ dzakati kunotungamirira kuti paumbwe mamwe mashoko redundancy, izvo kungadiwa panyaya apo kukanganisa haana retransmission zvakakwana. Retransmission pamusoro omumasherufu kuti vasina vakapfuura kutsiurwa HARQ dzakati rinoitwa vachishandisa ARQ Protocol. LTE samambure pamusoro iPhone basa maererano pamusoro nenheyo.

Izvi mhinduro zvinoita kuti pave shoma kunonoka yenhepfenyuro omumasherufu pamwe yakaderera panhongonya, uye kukurukurirana akavimbika pamwe unovimbisa. HARQ dzakati kunoita kuziva uye kugadzirisa dzakawanda zvikanganiso, iyo inosvitsa munhu asi chisingawanzowaniki kushandisa ARQ dzakati, sezvo chokuita yakawanda panhongonya, uyewo nokuwedzera latency pakati yenhepfenyuro omumasherufu.

Nechepasi chiteshi kuguma raiva pedyo nebundu, kunotsigira vaviri protocols izvi, ichipa hwepedyo pakati kwevari izvi protocols maviri. Pakati siyana zvakanakira mapurani ichi vanogona kunzi kumhanya kubvisa zvikanganiso asara pashure kushanda HARQ, uye kugadzirisa uwandu mashoko pachishandiswa kushandisa ARQ Protocol.

The redhiyo inowanikwa LTE ane mukuru chaitwa, nemhaka yaro chikuru zvinoriumba. Yakandinakira anobvumira kushandiswa redhiyo mhepo inowanikwa vanoshingaira pamusoro chero iripo Frequency upfumi. LTE zvemichina inopa dzinoverengeka zvinhu nechokwadi chinobudirira pokushandisa kukurumidza kuchinja kukurukurirana zvakatipoteredza. Zvichienderana channel ezvinhu, imwe kusaronga basa rinopa vanoshandisa zvakanaka nezvinhu. Kushandisa multi-kanyanga michina kunoderedza dzaisvava chiratidzo uye gwara kwadzakabva mashandiro anogona kushandisa nzira Coding uye vachisiyanisa inzwi, kuvimbisa zvikurukuru ezvinhu Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kutaurirana unhu.