Netaundi Mirny (Yakutia): diamond kwangu. History, rondedzero, mapikicha

Munguva Soviet, nharaunda nyika yedu yakavakwa nhamba maguta, zvakawanda zviri zvechokwadi chete ndivo waro nzvimbo uye kushandiswa ouinjiniya mhinduro zvakakwana. Ndizvo guta Mirny (Yakutia). Pavaiputsa nedhaimani kuchera, riri mu nemiganhu yayo, mumwe zvinoshamisa ano, sezvo chinokushamisa pamwe saizi yayo, kunyange kwakarungwa nenyanzvi.

"Pipe worugare"

Nenzira kutaura, nenzira nesayenzi kuti pavaiputsa - ". The World" "kimberlite mutopota", iro rine musoro Guta pacharo akazviratidza pashure chichikosha uye mangwanani kukura, uye, naizvozvo, ainzi kwake nokukudzwa. The matombo iri shamisa kudzika 525 metres uye dhayamita anenge 1,3? Km! Iye kimberlite nyere rakaumbwa kare, kana kubva pakadzika redu ichimhanya zvikuru yakatanga dhaka uye inopisa kuputika magasi. In chikamu, afanane girazi kana cone. Nemhaka Tichitarisa simba kuputika, kubva Earth akakandwa kimberlite - vanonzi dombo raiva dzinongoitika mangoda.

Zita fuma iri rinobva zita South African taundi Kimberley. Pane nedhaimani yairema anenge 17 magiramu yakawanikwa 1871, zvichiguma kumaruwa chin'a mafashamo akadurura prospectors uye adventurers kubva pasi pose. Sezvo zvakanaka kwakanga guta redu Mirny (Yakutia)? Matombo - ndiyo hwaro hwayo chitarisiko.

Sezvo akanga akawanikwa zvangu

In pemwedzi June 1955, Vanodzidza Soviet yokuYakutia vaitsvaka tichingoda kimberlite akauya pamusoro rawa larch, midzi yavo yakanga vyvorocheny wenyika simba dutu. Izvi dzinongoitika "varara" akatora gava, nokuchera buri ikoko. Zvakatidzidzisa akashanda zvakanaka paumambo ruvara wenyika nyanzvi vakaziva kuti negava the chinhu kimberlite kukuru.

MuMoscow, akanga pakarepo akatuma coded redhiyo mashoko: "yakavhenekera mutopota yorugare, wakanakisisa fodya!" Mashoma mazuva kurenje akatambanudza hombe neshongwe midziyo kuvakwa. Nokuti guta yakabuda Mirnyi (Yakutia). Pavaiputsa aifanira kuva mumamiriro ezvinhu akaipisisa. Mumwe chete kutarisa snowbound gomba kunzwisisa huru yezvinoreva basa rinoitwa pano!

A nhume South Africa

To kupaza wandei mamita ane permafrost, zvaifanira kushandisa makumi ezviuru ematani pamatunhu zvinoputika. Nechekare ari 60s remakore rapfuura munda vakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma kupa makirogiramu pamusoro nengoda maviri, uye kwete asingasviki 1/5 vavo kwavo kunoshamisa unhu uye aigona akatumira zvishongo kuzvitoro pashure achicheka. Mabwe asara dzakawanda kushandiswa indasitiri yeSoviet.

Munda kusimukira nokukurumidza zvokuti South African kambani De Beers raingoreva kumanikidzwa kutenga kukwira nomubato mangoda Soviet chete kudzivisa yose kudzikira mitengo. Vatungamiri sangano nyaya chikumbiro kuti kushanya kuguta Mirny (Yakutia). Pavaiputsa rova kwavari, kuti ivo chete akagarapo pfupi nguva ...

maindasitiri mazano

Hurumende Soviet akabvuma, asi akabvunza quid aifarira kwakabva - kusvikira munda muSouth Africa akabvumira unyanzvi Soviet. Nhume Africa akasvika Moscow ... uye pane kunonoka zvikuru, nokuti vaenzi vanogara kufanorongwa mabiko. Kana nyanzvi pakupedzisira akasvika muguta Mirny, mumwe kuona zviri basa ivo vasina maminitsi anopfuura 20.

Asi vaona vose zvakaenzana kushamisika kuti core. Somuenzaniso, vaenzi Aisagona kufungidzira Michina madhaimani mugodhi pasina kushandisa mvura. Zvisinei, hapana zvinoshamisa muna Yakut okunze nekuti haizi: munzvimbo dzinenge nomwe mwedzi yegore inomira tembiricha subzero, uye pamwe permafrost chinosekesa kufanira. Munzvimbo ine ngozi ndiro guta rugare! Kusimba mugomba ndechokuti kana uchida unogona kunyange kuronga vakasiyana gungwa.

A Brief History okuwana

Kubva 1957 kusvika 2001, mangoda zviri mined mu uwandu inopfuura $ 17 bhiriyoni. Wavari pedyo netaundi Mirny kuSiberia muna muitiro kusimukira kuwedzerwa kuitira kuti kubva pasi kusvikira pemvura kureba mugwagwa nokuda mumarori yaiva makiromita masere kure. Zvinonzi kunzwisiswa kuti muna 2001 ari dhipoziti hakuna aneta: nedhaimani mugodhi gomba rakazaruka kuva nengozi. Masayendisiti vakakwanisa kudzidza kuti vapenyu kunosvika kune mumwe kudzika kupfuura kiromita, uye mumamiriro ezvinhu aya vanoda rebei pachivande yangu. Nenzira kutaura, yakasvika ayo akaitwa inokwana matani miriyoni imwe esimbi muna 2012. Nhasi, nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti dzichiri ichi rakasiyana dhipoziti angava mumwe makore 35 (anenge).

Zvimwe zvinetso nzvimbo

Helicopter ichibhururuka pamusoro pavaiputsa iri zvaisambobvumirwa, sezvo nendege yakadaro - vamwe rufu nokuda motokari uye vashandi vemo. Mitemo wefizikisi ndingorasa neherikoputa kusvikira pasi pavaiputsa. At masvingo Akakwirira chubhu zvainovhiringidzawo mupfupi: hakuna mweya wokuti kuti rimwe zuva kunonaya uye anozoumbiridzwazve kuchaita kuti paumbwe imwe monstrous kuondomoka zvachose richawira guta Mirny (Yakutia). A basa kuti ane pikicha mupepa zvinogonawo kushandiswa zvinangwa nevamwe ichi zvokungofungidzira. Tiri kutaura nezvomukana pakusika buri rimwe titanic yakasiyana guta ramangwana.

"Guta Future": kurota kana chokwadi?

Mutungamiri Chirongwa ichi akagadzwa Nikolai Lyutomsky. Chakaomesesa chikamu kuuya basa - kuumba cyclopean kongiri chimiro, waasingazotorerwi chete kusimbisa madziro pavaiputsa; asi zvichaita kudza, ichipa simba rakawedzerwa. Izvi zvichava Zvaifadza vashanyire kukwezvwa, izvo vachazvirumbidza chete guta rugare!

Matombo, mapikicha izvo zvinogona kuonekwa muongororo, anotarisirwa kuvhara pamusoro läpinäkyvä nzvimbo flanked nokuda gwenya ukomba zvichabviswa iiswe. Chokwadi, okunze yokuYakutia zvikuru kwazvo, asi kushaya jeka mazuva. Energy anoratidza kuti nokuti gore chete achakwanisa kubudisa bhatiri vanenge 200 MW simba. Pakupedzisira, zvichiita kuti kushandisa kudziya nyika pachayo.

Chokwadi ndechokuti muchando, nzvimbo iyi dzaserera kusvika -60 Celsius. Hongu, zvakaoma shanje vaya guta riri kumusha Peace (Yakutia). Matombo, iyo kunokanganisa photo, promorazhivaetsya zvakafanana, asi chete kuti kudzika 150 metres. Pazasi - zvachose razero tembiricha. guta futuristic zvinofanirwa kukamurwa pakarepo kupinda huru tiers matatu. At yakadereresa vanoda kukura zvokurima zvigadzirwa, paavhareji, zviri kutarisirwa kutara wenguva-dzomumaguta mapazi.

Yokumusoro Chikamu - nzvimbo dzokugara vanhu, kuwedzera dzokugara pachava mahofisi, varaidzo nzvimbo uye zvichingodaro. Kana urongwa kuvaka zvizere chinozoiswa, nzvimbo guta achava "dzinoungana" mamiriyoni matatu. Panguva iyoyo ndipo chinogona kutakura zviuru 10 vanhu. About 36 zviuru vagari veguta pachayo rugare (Yakutia). Matombo, kudzama chiri pamusoro hafu kiromita, kuchaita kuti wakasununguka dzikama kwete kubhururuka ichi munyika kure.

Zvimwe mashoko racho "Ecocity"

Pakutanga, basa akapiwa zita "Ecocity 2020", asi nhasi zviri pachena kuti kubaya musi ezvidzidzo izvozvo pachena hazvishandi. Nenzira, chii chinofanira kuvakwa zvachose? Nyaya Vagari: chete kwemwedzi mishanu gore magariro zvakawanda kana zvishoma aenzane pamwero hwomutambarakede, uye navamwe nguva vanorarama panguva kutonhora ndizvo zvinowanzoitika kuti kweArctic uye Antarctica. City kuchaita kuvatendera kuzorora chero nguva yegore, basking muzuva, uye pamusoro kugadzirwa anokwanisa hofori mapurazi harufaniri kukanganwika: vagari vose uye vashanyi zvichagoverwa vanopfuura vhitamini michero nemiriwo.

To rezasi nhanho vanogamuchira yakawanda chiedza iri nechepakati yangu iri kutarisirwa kuramba ari chiedza pane hofori dhayamita. Kuwedzera kune zuva ukomba, iyo inobatsira ichiri mubvunzo zvakakwana (ndinoiitawo matambudziko pakagadzwa), vamwe mainjiniya kupa pfungwa renyukireya simba chirimwa kuvakwa. Nhasi, ichi zvose kuva blurry chaizvo urongwa. Ndingada tariro kuti guta Mirny madhaimani yangu rinozikamwa rose achava vasununguka kugara vanhu mairi.

Interesting zvinhu madhaimani mugodhi

Sezvatakamboreva, ari 60s kwegore pano zvakanzi mined kusvika makirogiramu maviri nengoda uye wechishanu wavo aiva chiwanikwa unhu mukuru. Per pub esimbi chakaita kuti kusvikira munhu giremu yakachena yakatsvuka zvinhu, uye pakati pamatombo vazhinji vaiuya nokuti zvishongo kugadzira. Nhasi pa tani esimbi panyaya 0,4 magiramu kuti mangoda.

The Kudeuka nedhaimani

Pakapera December 1980 ndiro kupfuura kwemangoda rangu munhoroondo yose rawanikwa pano. Zirume ichi, rairema 68 magiramu, vakagamuchira huru wenyaya «xxvi Congress of CPSU."

Kana kugadzirwa kwakaregwa rakavhurika?

Kana "apedza kubvisa" rugare? Diamond wangu akava ngozi kukudziridza kuma1990, kana kugadzirwa yakasvika kudzika 525 metres. The pasi pegomba rwakanga ruzere. Ndiyo "nyika" rava kupfuura kwemangoda gomba munyika yedu. Extraction yakatora makore anopfuura 44. Kusvikira panguva iyoyo, kugadzirwa akatungamirira boka "Sakha", mubereko negore iro vakapfuura $ 600 miriyoni. Nhasi, mashoko angu anomhanya "Alrosa". sangano iri nderimwe remasangano yemadhayamondi vaburitsi munyika.

Kana akaita pfungwa namahwindo yangu?

Nechekare kuvakwa wokutanga mugero chakatangwa muna 1970, sezvo vose vainzwisisa chisingabviri dzamarudzi rakazaruka-gomba mugodhi. Asi pahwaro wechigarire, nzira iyi hwakatamisirwa muna 1999 chete. To musi, zvinozivikanwa kuti pane achiri mupenyu ari kudzika 1200 mamita. Zvingava kukwanisa kusvina mangoda uye zvakadzama.

Ndiwo sei mbishi zvinhu navamufumi Yakutia: Mirny, mumwe matombo apo achidzedzereka mumwe - mumwe kunobva National zvakanaka. Diamonds kuti mined ikoko, regai chete zvinodiwa fashoni makambani, asiwo pagadzirwe dzakasiyana-siyana kunzwisisa mano uye zvigadziriswe.