"Nepfuti" (pfuti): kare, tsananguro, unhu

"Nagan" - vhorovhoro, akasika gunsmiths kubva Belgium hama, Emil (1830-1902) uye Leon (1833-1900) nepfuti. zvombo izvi vakasikwa dzimwe nyika mukupera XIX - pakati XX remakore. Raishandiswa zvombo zvehondo.

History chokusika

Pakupera ari XIX remakore, nyika dzakawanda Nokuverenga pamusoro rearmament revarwi ayo. Mumazuva iwayo, vaizotibata revolvers: hwevatambi nepfuti maoko pfupi kukabatanidzwa ari nyore mudziyo yakakwana, hwakavimbika nekuwanza mhosva. Ainyanya European maoko kugadzirwa ndiro guta Liege, iri Belgium. Sezvo 1859 yava aishanda fekitari pamusoro Leon uye Emile Nagant. Raiva diki workshop mhuri, izvo vakagadzira Dutch pfuti uye dzimwe nguva kunyange vakatanga firearm.

Yokutanga rakasiyana nepfuti chaipiwa kuna mukoma mukuru Emil Test zveBelgium muchiuto dhipatimendi. Akasarudza kushandisa sezvombo mukuru uye vasiri akarayira vakuru ', anotaurwa so "mharidzo nepfuti muna 1878". Izvi 9-mm chivhorovhoro, 1878, aiva matanhatu-digit. Its akashongedzerwa ne "hunyambiri-zvazviri mudziyo": nenyundo cocked kana ruoko museve, kana nokutsikirira chikungiso.

Non-akarayira vakuru inifanduri, vatasvi vemabhiza uye ebetsero chikamu muBelgian Army aidavira kuti "Nagan" - vhorovhoro pamusoro kirasi! Uye zvirokwazvo, pamusoro mirayiridzo Chinyorwa ari vakashinga mauto, yakanga yakagadzirwa ne 9-mm chivhorovhoro "Nagant M / 1883" pamwe nemaune yakaipa kurwisana unhu: ". DA rudzi" rokuvaka, mumwe chinhu chitsva, dzakakudzingai kupfura Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, pamwe kupfura kuti mharidzo iyi aiva nyundo cocked pashure mumwe vapfurwa.

Somugumisiro, rakaitwa zvakawanda 2-3 dikidiki calibers siyana uye dhiramu yakareba. Mushure mechinguva Emile Nagant arwara zvainyanya ake zvachose. Zvino mukuru basa iri kuvandudzika ari mudziyo paaivatambudza Leon Nagant.

Mharidzo 1886

Saka, isu kudzidza "nepfuti". Gun muna 1886 pachikero zvishoma pane ayo vamutangira. Aiva akavimbika, uye magadzirirwo yava yemazuva ano akura. Uyu wokuenzanisira mune chikungiso mudziyo matsime mana yakatsiviwa imwe dvuporuyu. Mukuwedzera, chigadzirwa itsva kufungawo zvinowanzoitwa zvombo zvoutachiona yakananga kudzikira caliber: nyanzvi akasarudza zvikuru nevanhu mumazuva iwayo, 7.5 mm mhosva isina chiutsi upfu.

Dambudziko kukosha kuti kugadziriswa chaiva vagadziri revolvers ndiyo kupinda pakati propellant gasi kupinda pakakoromoka, izvo zvinoumba pamberi kuguma dhiramu uye breech yacho dhiramu chikamu.

ZveBelgium armorer Anri Piper kuwana chakakodzera mhinduro: chikungiso kuti kuvamba yake, dhiramu yakatama mberi vachiridzira. Nepfuti Henri aiva rinokosha chimiro, paiva bara riri zvakavigwa ruoko, kuti obturator ruoko vakashumira Dultsev kuti upfu magasi akagoverwa uye rikazvisundira pamusoro hunde chiteshi nechinguvana iri volley - chiito ichi chaitadzisa budiriro gasi.

Izvi pokutonga anoitwa pamwe zvinoorora mudziyo iri akasunda pamusoro Upfu dhiramu, Leon Naganov kushandiswa 1892 gore. Under itsva womuenzaniso nepfuti akanga hunovapo nokuchengeta ruoko, akashongedzerwa ane refu dulcitol. In chakaitika "nepfuti"? chivhorovhoro ichi ava muenzaniso chaiwo, uye dzakazotevera mhando handishanduki zvikuru marongerwo.

mudziyo

revolvers All "nepfuti" vane zvakafanana nechigadziko uye zvivako:

• Chikungiso mudziyo kunoita miviri mugumisiro kuzoposhera sezvo nenyundo cocked, uye nokuzvidzora cocking. The chete kunze ndivo "varwi" uye "NCOs" pre-echimurenga mazano, umo kuzvidzora cocking mashandiro kukurukurirana kwacho yokuderedza kudyiwa zvombo.
• Monolithic imwe-neimwe puranga.
• Door, akazarura makamuri there lateral kutenderera. Exclusive kunongova nzwisa 1910 umo mukova ndatsamwa shure uye zvabudiswa ari dhiramu, kuteura rworudyi.
• Upfu nokuti matsi kumhara Volt kupinda pamatanda.
• Ramrod yakavanda vachiridzira nzvimbo Drum akabatana. Akabva akapedza vapfura kushanda inofashaira - ejects apedzera cartridges.
• The mudziyo akaiswa rimwe pepuranga uye closable pabutiro ndiro.

There uye anoshumira kuchitoro, uye kamuri panguva imwecheteyo. In chinonyanya kwakapararira dzokuenzanisira muna 1895 uye vakawanda kusiyana ayo dhiramu rinokwana 7 mhosva. Kutaura zvazviri, pamberi puranga akaiswa negomba Drum akabatana uye yakasimbiswa nayo shompolnye chubhu. chubhu ichi anoiswa pamberi dhiramu: nayo wanamatira pamitsipa hunde kuti kuruka pamusoro payo, zvose pamusoro akabatana. Mimwe umo dhiramu iri akasunda pamusoro Upfu, aichimbova ane kudzoka mashandiro, umo murwiyo ndiyo dhiramu chubhu uye tsime.

The nokukiya mudziyo ndiyo dhiramu vasiyana kurutivi rworudyi pamatanda. basa rayo rinoitwa nevanhu pasuo chitubu-vakaremerwa. Kana zviri yakazaruka (tilted padivi) inogona mhosva uye pauri chombo. Kana suo rakavharwa - nayo rinogumisa bhaudhi kutadzisa nokuchengeta kunaya, uye nemhaka yake dhiramu havagoni crank counterclockwise.

"Nagan" Battle pamusoro dhiramu rine nomwe matendere uye Zvakafukunurwa vanoenderana mukova pechitsiko ari namahwindo uye rakavhurika nzvimbo.

Kazhinji nepfuti mashandiro dzinowanzotsigi- rinoumbwa yenhengo uchishanda sechinhu nokukiya mashandiro akashandura dhiramu Drum tatarisana: mubato breech, chirauro pawl uye chikungiso pamwe mainspring. Izvi zvinosanganisira uye rukungiso mashandiro.

Sezvineiwo, panguva iyoyo mudziyo kwaisanganisira Nhunzi takaisa pamberi hunde mugove uye rwemberi vachizviona, iyo aiming slots ane pamusoro pamatanda. Total mudziyo nepfuti muna 1895 inounganidzwa kubva zvinhu 39.

Chikungiso mudziyo

Ichi chombo iri nepokuongorora chikungiso rukungiso, kaviri chiito. Panguva iyoyo unoberekawo yokutevedzera vane chikungiso, chimwe chiito. In mudziyo uyu pomukuvadzi ari pivotally akatasva chikungiso, shizha chitubu kuda kurwa - dvuporaya zviri kubata.

The sear nepfuti kugadzirwa pamwe chikungiso. Fiyuzi hakusi, asi kana musingadi kudhonza chikungiso, rinokosha chinhu haana kubvumira vachiridzira mbambo kupinda neVadzidzi Kamudzira. Kana chikungiso iri cocked, rinoshandisa chaiwo nokukiya mashandiro, kufambisa dhiramu mberi zvombo. Chikungiso munguva ino nemhuru ari dhiramu zvokuti hapana tenderera.

ballistic ehupfumi

Chii zvakarurama pa nepfuti "Nagan"? chombo ichi pamberi akasarudzwa yakaiswa kuti chinhambwe 25 m. Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kuti nechokure kukanganiswa pfungwa rinobatana pamwe midpoint nemigumisiro. zvikamu zvakasiyana anozvikudza akasiyana zvachose rakarurama moto Hits:

Daro M		With mon		With maoko
11		4.0		7.0
18		5.6		9.0
25		7.2		13
36		11		19
50		14		-

Nesimba rokurwa

Maererano packet mupaini mapuranga ane Ukobvu 2,54 masendimita uye matanho matatu namashanu (25 metres) iri kuongororwa kupinda 3 mapuranga - 100% of mabara, mapuranga 4 - 70%, mapuranga 5 - 25%. Mapuranga anoiswa kure 8 masendimita nepedyo. Mumwe Dombo chibhakera kure matanho anosvika mazana maviri (140 m).

kugadzirwa

Russian Izhevsk maoko fekitari manufactures zvino yakakwirira chaizvo unhu revolvers. Asi Swedish "Nagan" mharidzo muna 1887 anoitwa kuBelgium. Sezvineiwo, 9-mm yokuenzanisira muna 1878 kwakaita nokusimudzwa hondo muBelgian. Izvi chave popularization ari zvizivikanwe fekitari "nepfuti" pamusika nyika.

The chete pfuti, akasikwa 1895, uyewo zvakasiyana dzayo, yakabereka zhinji zvombo mumawekishopu munyika yose, kureva kuti Russian Imperial maoko fekitari muna Tula, guta muchiPolish Radom, yokuGermany "Enel" muna Suhl, zveBelgium "Lepage", " Frankot "uye" Bayard "," Arizmendi-Goenaga "muSpain uye nevamwe.

"Nagan" zvombo Russian

At pakuguma XIX remakore wokuRussia Empire akatora hombe rearmament weuto. Mosin pfuti, rakabudiswa muna 1891, akazosarudzwa sezvo mureza pfuti. Panguva iyoyo, Russia Aimiririrwa nepfuti zvisingachashandi mharidzo 4,2-Linear (10.67-mm) Smith & Wesson chivhorovhoro System III, yakatanga muna 1880s.

Kunyange Commission kuti pagadzirwe duku-caliber nepfuti, iyo inotungamirirwa refutenendi-General N. G. Chagin, zvasungwa kutsvaka mimwe chivimbiso. Zvinofadza kuti chitsva mauto nepfuti anotevera zvinodiwa:

• Chaizvo kurega simba. Mumazuva iwayo, chikuru mhando emauto mauto akanga saka akapfurwa pagungano kure kunobudirira (matanho anosvika 50) vaifanira kugogodza pasi bhiza.
• "The hondo hondo" vanofanira kunge zvakakwana kumedura kubudikidza 4-5-padiki mupaini mapuranga. yakaderera uremu (0.82-0.92 kg).
• Caliber, nhungamiro, nhamba, nhoroondo yomunhu ari rifling pamusoro mudende uye zvakadai anofanira akafanana-mutsetse-parameters Mosin pfuti. Saka, asika revolvers, unogona kushandisa pfuti chakaremara hunde dzacho.
• Nepfuti inogona vakagadzirira aine nokuzviremekedza cocking vachiridzira, zvikasadaro zvichava kuderera kururama.
• Initial velocity of bara inofanira kuva pasi 300 m / s.
• At nepfuti anofanira kuvapo kwazvo rwakatwasuka.
• Zvakafanira kuti mudziyo uri nyore uye kwesayenzi.
• Maoko dzinofanira kuva akavimbika, basa tsvina uye mamiriro ezvinhu nokushanda zvakaipa, zviri nyore kuti tirambe.
• Maoko dzinofanira zvikaramba kwete panguva asi rave.
• Kunangidzirwa mashandiro anofanira akagadzirirwa kuti trajectory ari bara kutiza vayambuke mutsara pamberi pa chinhambwe 35 paces.
• The Drum igadzikwe mhosva dzinenge nomwe.
• Chuck kuti vave bara goko, nendarira flange ruoko uye isina chiutsi upfu.

Kazhinji, kuzvicheka-cocking vachiridzira uye mawa kubviswa vakapedza cartridges vakaramba nokuti omesa mudziyo (ichi ane kunambwa rakavimbika uye kukosha nepfuti) uye kuupenyu nokunyanyisa kunwa zvombo.

By kuziviswa makwikwi uye zvinogona chikumbiro kukuru isu akafarira zvikuru mumhuri uye vavezi vemabwe dzimwe zvombo. Paiva akawanda pfuti mienzaniso & Wesson Smith, revolvers uye avtopistolety. Panoperera kurwa chakakomba vakatanga zveBelgium gunsmiths Anri Piper M1889 wokuenzanisira ne "Bayard" uye Leon Nagant M1892 pamwe. Zviya, ano mhepo chivhorovhoro "Nagan Gletcher NGT» yakatofanana muenzaniso, iyo yakahwina ari makwikwi.

Leon Nagant dzakachinjwa chigadzirwa yavo Russian 7.62-mm caliber. Sezvo muna 1883, Akabvisa kuzvipira cocking vachiridzira, kunokuvadza kunaka zvombo zvinoenderana Zvinotaurwa makwikwi.

six- uye semizaryadnye revolvers - chete maviri zvokusarudza vakanga dzichitaurwa. Pieper womuenzaniso chakarambwa nokuda massiveness uye unreliability yacho mudziyo. The makwikwi yakanga vakakunda Leon Nagant, zvichida nokuti zvaainazvo zviri Russian Defence Ministry akanga refu-yakasimbiswa ukama.

Nepfuti kuti bvumidzwa kuti repfuti akasvina mutengo 75 000 rubles. Aisagona kuwana mari, sezvo akanga amboramba. Zvakanga mimwe apiwa yakarongwa machisi, asi ane yakasvinuka ezvinhu. Zvino, kuwedzera kune parameters Mubayiro: Twenty zviuru rubles por chairema maoko uye nezvishanu kuti mutariri mamiriro. Mukuwedzera, Kumukundi aifanira kupa mwana wangu zvizere vaiva hurumende yeRussia, iro akawana kodzero kubereka nayo, uye munyika yavo uye kunze pasina mubhadharo kuti muvambi.

Piper panguva makwikwi zvairatidza zvakare kupatsanurwa ane yakasiyana otomatiki revolvers. The Commission akaona "kukodzera, asi witty." Nepfuti S. I. Mosina pamwe hunde dzacho nhanhatu akanga asina kugamuchirwa. Makorari pfuti Nagano midziyo vaiva zvishoma zvinokosha. Taiita kuenzaniswa bvunzo ine 4.2-Linear pfuti Smith & Wesson, uye mudziyo akabvumirwa. Sezvineiwo, pashure miedzo vemauto nemapurisa vaida kuwana pfuti pamwe kaviri mugumisiro anozvipira cocking uye kupfura.

The Commission akadzokera kuzvipira cocking shanduro mharidzo, asi akaona kubudirira kwake isiyo, saka ndakasarudza kuti pfuti Russia Inofanira kukasawedzerwa pfuti dzakadaro: kuzvidzora cocking vatariri kuti dzakavanzika uye vasiri akarayira vatariri - nesamovzvodny.

The mudziyo wakaita kuchinja duku shoma uye anotenderwa nayo muchirimo 1895. Holster nokuti "Nagano" chiratidzazvizhinji ichi yakaitwa jira. It Another nedehwe tambo-trenchikom uye ramrod rokuchenesa zvombo.

Dai 13, 1895 chirevo Nicholas II "mukuru" uye "musoja" "Nagan" pfuti ivhu vakagamuchirwa neuto Russian. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti uto dhipatimendi dzokurwa vaiva June 1896 pamutemo kugamuchirwa kupinda basa.

okunatsiridza

Yakawandisa dambudziko kuwana mvumo nokuti nepfuti - zvakafanira yokunzvenga mumakirasi zhinji. Uye vazhinji havagoni kuzviita, saka vanhu wana Pneumatic. Asi regai kutsauswa uye mazita mienzaniso inoshamisa nepfuti "Nagan". Pano vari:

• Nagant M1910 - 1910 zveBelgium mharidzo chombo kwegore. Rine mawa dzokubudisa kuti vakapedza cartridges.

Martial muenzaniso:

• Musoja "Nagan" - zvinoshamisa remakore rechi20 zvombo pamwe rukungiso nesamovzvodny mudziyo. Kugadzirwa Its ikanyarara muna 1918.
• "Nepfuti", akasika navatariri, akashongedzerwa kuzviidza cocking rukungiso mudziyo.
• Pamberi zvokukochekera World vakaitwa kuti muganhu mauto duku shoma; carbine integrally vakakanda pamwe garo uye Upfu urefu 300 mm uye repfuti ane patsanurika garo uye Upfu kuratidzirwa 200 mm.
• "Nepfuti" kusikirwa vatungamiri, chitsidzo nepfuti musimboti dzaizopiwa concealable. hunde yawo ipfupi 85 mm uye mubato mupfupi. Mharidzo yakazokudziridzwa muna 1927. Yakabereka mu batch diki kusvikira 1932. Total yakabereka vanenge 25 000 zvidimbu zvigadzirwa izvi. Maererano muenzaniso nezvombo vatariri OGPU uye NKVD.
• Nokuti ushori uye sabhoteji rechiuto muna 1929 zvakanzi zvakasikwa vhorovhoro ine silencer -equipped muchina silencers "Bram", dzakakudzingai pakuonekwa womoto. Yakagadzirirwa hama IG uye VG Mitin.
• Nagant wz. 30 - zvombo yakagadzirwa nepfuti muna 1895, akaita Poles. Kubva 1930 kusvika 1939 yakabereka serially muna Radom panguva imwe maoko fekitari. Total Poland yakabereka 20,000 zvidimbu revolvers "nepfuti" ivhu maviri: Ng wz.30 uye Ng wz.32.

Sport mhando - chombo remakore rechi20

Izvi zvinoshamisa zvinogadzirwa:

• Kurovedza nepfuti Nagant-Simina kudzidziswa, yakatanga muna 1926. mugadziri waro A. A. Smirnsky. Kubva muna 1925 kusvika 1939 gore mishonga izvi kugadzirwa 3,500 zvidimbu pasi 5.6 mm rimfire mutariri.
• "Nagan" nepfuti akasikwa kuti mutambo muna 1953. mugadziri waro VA Paramonov. mharidzo rino rakanyorwa kubvira 1956 kusvika 1966. Total 8220 zvidimbu MC-4 uye MC dzakabudiswa-4-1.
• TOZ-36 - dzine zvombo 1962 mharidzo gore. muenzaniso iri rakagadzirirwa EL Haydurov.
• TOZ-49 - vhorovhoro yokuenzanisira muna 1972, akaita kuti mutambo. Its yakagadzirwa EL Haydurov. Chakasimudzira wakaatapudza dhiramu pasi mupfupi katuriji 7,62H26 mm.
• TOZ-96 chiri aina nzira TOZ-49 pasi mutariri .32 S & W Long Wadcutter. It kugadzirwa kubva 1996.

Mitambo uye kuvhima yokutevedzera

Uye ikozvino tarira zvombo zvinotevera mienzaniso:

• Carbine KR-22 "Falcon" muenzaniso mumwe kutendeuka vebasa .22 Zvakanaka lr. Izvi nepfuti "nepfuti" akashongedzerwa dhiramu miforo kusvika 500 neMM, matanda nehuni honokono integrally kukanda garo. chigadzirwa ichi anoyera 2 makirogiramu. Kuti zviite kwakatanga muna 2010.
• Pistol "Vokutinhira" ari kutendeutsa wokuenzanisira, kugadzirwa Ukrainian kambani "SBM". Izvi mitambo pfuti pasi vebasa 4-mm Flaubert akasika kunodzidziswa.

Civil kudzivirira zvombo

Chii "nepfuti" zvinorwadza uye gasi? Mukutanga 2000s, zvakasiyana dzinoverengeka pfuti idzi vakasikwa, kugadzirwa nokuchinja rwisana "Naganov".

1. In Russian pave kuzvidzivirira zvombo zvinotevera: p1 mu kunotevera "Naganych" pasi vebasa 9 mm uye R. A. HPE-502 "nepfuti-M" pasi mhosva 10H32 mm T pasi basa vachengetwe kunotevera RS 10H23 mm T.
2. In Ukraine, gasi zvinoberekwa kunotevera uye pfuti "bhurigedhi wavarwi", "Ramp 1 R", "D-Nagant" pfupi "SKAT 1Rk" uye "nepfuti Russian Federation."
3. mhepo chivhorovhoro "Nagan Gletcher NGT» ravakwa USA. Izvi gasi-humburumbira mapatya kunozivikanwa nepfuti.

Nemhaka forensic zvinodiwa, mudziyo chombo, vachiridzira rabha mabara, paiva kuchinja inorambidza anokanda warheads.

Yara (ruzha) yokutevedzera

• HPE-503 "Nagan-S" ( "Bluff") - chiratidzo chivhorovhoro pasi chivharo "Zhevelo". Made Vyatskiye Polyansky "Molot" chirimwa muzhizha ra2006.
• "Nepfuti MR-313" (Nagano-07). In mharidzo iyi, noku "Bluff" dzakachinja hunde chivharo mudziyo (Y stub itsva yakagozha contours). muenzaniso iri vakapakata zviduku-dhayamita hunde, iye haasi pamatanda Serial nhamba iri breech pakati Upfu azvikuya pepuranga asina akabudiswa.

"Nagan MR-313" iri vakapakata dhiramu, ane nhamba asingadi kuwedzera kusvika nhamba pamatanda. nepfuti ruoko pasi "Zhevelo" haina rikazvisundira kumakamuri, uye Volt kupinda shinda.

Sezvineiwo, muna 2008, "nyundo" kugadzirwa revolvers izvi akatendeukira uye akatamira Izhevsk maoko fekitari.

• P-2 - mumwe achipa chiratidzo chombo pasi chivharo "Zhevelo", akatevera muenzaniso mushure "Bluff" uye MR-313. The mugadziri ndiye Kalashnikov Kunetseka.

Pakupedzisira, kana muri simbe kuwana mvumo nokuti nepfuti (kwete mazhinji vanhu vakaita tsvuku tepi), unogona kutenga mitambo "Nagant" pasi vebasa Flaubert. zvigadzirwa izvi dzinoridzwa ruzha, kudzivirira zvakakwana pamusoro imbwa rakarasika haadi mvumo nokuti kuritenga uye akapfeka.