Ndiani akavaka Cathedral of Annunciation muMoscow?

Kuti tipindure mubvunzo uyu akavaka Cathedral of Annunciation, hakusi nyore. pane zvakasiyana siyana panyaya iyi. In dzeurongwa ari Church vari remakore rechi19, tsika yave ichibudiswa (kwete yasimbiswa Zvisinei, kumwewo) kuvaka 1291 chechi yemapuranga pamusoro Annunciation pakati Andreem Aleksandrovichem, muchinda mwanakomana Aleksandra Nevskogo. Sezvo panguva iyoyo paiva dare iri yomuchinda, nechokwadi zvinofanira kuva temberi ivakwe muMoscow. Saka paiva Annunciation Cathedral of Kremlin. Photo of chivako chacho aripo chimiro zviri munyaya ino.

maonero akasiyana

Zvisinei, anotaura Cathedral of Annunciation muna 1397 chete kuonekwa mune yaMakoronike Russian sezvo kubva Byzantium kuMoscow, icon vakauya pasi pezita "Kristu rizitse chena." saka Vanotsvakurudza vanotumirwa rokuvaka dombo pakuvaka Cathedral pakazopera remakore rechi14. Rakanga yomusi 1397 kana gore (Zabelin, Izvekov) kana 1393 gore (Skvortsov, Krasovsky).

Mhaka rechipiri mashoko musi simbi kuti Princess Evdokia hwakagadzwa muna 1395 sangano Kuberekwa Yedu Lady (imba). Zvaidavirwa kuti zvishoma asati hwodoonekereswa temberi kwomuchinda. Muna 1405, sezvinotaurwa ne yaMakoronike, chechi akatanga kupenda tenzi Feofan Grechin, "mukuru kubva Gorodets" Prokhor uye Andrei Rublev. Takapedza mugore iroro.

Kuvakwa ibwe Church

Anooneka 1416, zvinyorwa itsva, iyo inoreva pakusikwa ibwe kukereke Annunciation musi 18 Chikunguru.

Other uchapupu shongwe iyi inobva kugadzirisa Kremlin Ensemble, kwakaitika pakutanga kwezana 16-17 emakore. Bookmark chivako mutsva Church kwakaitika musi waMay 6, 1484. Ivan III pakuvaka akaraira kuti tende pedyo kwomuchinda muzinda confessor yake, kuti akanga vasingasiyani mutemberi. 5 Kwapera makore, muna 1489 (9 August), kereke itsva yakanga yakatsaurwa Metropolitan Gerontius.

Ivan III mukupera rechi15 vakatanga kuvaka itsva kwazvo dzokugara muchinda. masvingo itsva Kremlin, kubvuma uye Annunciation Cathedral akavaka panguva. Zvisinei, Architects Myshkin uye Krivtsov, wakavaka nokufungidzira, akatambudzika, vakakundikana. Wokutanga kuedza kwakaitwa navo, vakagumisa kuti masvingo kuvaka panguva kudengenyeka zvakaparadzwa.

muPskov vatenzi

Asi, uyo akavaka Cathedral of Annunciation? mapurani mukuru unonzi hatizivi. Zvisinei, maererano neimwe sahwira records, muna 1474, zvinokwanisika kutonga kuti vakavaka Annunciation Cathedral (ibwe) muPskov vanatenzi. Pakati nezvimwe zvivako zviri kunyorwa ungwaru ichi, akachengetedzwa Dukhovskaya (Trinity ari yenhau Church), uyewo Deposition yejasi, riri Kremlin. In vose varipo dzakananga zvinhu kusiyanisa muPskov mapurani: mbiru, mativi plan, yepamusoro Maberere. Unogona kutongwa maererano humboo pamusoro uyo akavaka Cathedral of Annunciation. Vaiva vanatenzi pamusoro muPskov. Zvisinei, panewo rannemoskovskogo zvinhu: nezvikumbaridzo kunge keeled chimiro uye masvingo yakashongedzwa hwakarongwa negwarada. Naizvozvo, kuti mubvunzo pamusoro uyo akavaka Cathedral of Annunciation hatingadaro kutaura. Akanga, uyezve, yakaitwa nezvidhina, kunyange zvazvo zvinokosha zvokuvakisa kuvaka muPskov panguva yakanga ibwe jena. Saka, pasinei nokuti vari muPskov zvivakwa kuti vakawanda vaongorori vanoti Annunciation Cathedral, vamwe vachiri vanoona pakusikwa Moscow vanatenzi.

Cathedral of Annunciation nhasi

Nhasi Cathedral of Annunciation muMoscow ine zvikamu zvitatu, vakanga kuvakwa panguva dzakasiyana. Hwaro zviri chechi muchinjikwa domed, chetyrehstolpny trehapsidny. Yakavakwa mukupera remakore rechi15, unorema kudzokorora zano, uyewo, zvichida, kukura temberi, iyo asati, pakutanga kwezana remakore iroro. Kusiyana zvivako zviviri ndechokuti mutemberi akazokokwa dzakapoteredzwa maberere-paberere kumativi ose. Zvaidavirwa kuti vose, kunze kumabvazuva, vakasikwa pamwe nedare remakurukota, asi vakanga akazaruka kusvikira epakati remakore rechi16. Research chokuita makore 60-fung remakore rechi20 anoratidza kuti hwakavigwa mumakamuri ane nechokumadokero uye kuchamhembe namaberere akaitwa muna chete zvitina sezvo Church. On hwaro ichi, tinogona kufunga kuti vari pedyo munguva kana mawa mitsetse temberi huru. Kwaari bordered kurutivi rwamabvazuva Exchequer, iyo yakavakwa pamwe nedare remakurukota, uye muzana remakore rechi18 kuparadzwa.

Cathedral anova The pfumbamwe

Annunciation Cathedral muMoscow pakutanga korona zvitsauko zvitatu - vaviri vakanga riri pamusoro okumabvazuva makona kuvakwa uye mumwe - pakati. The hwakavigwa mumakamuri ane zviri namaberere yechipiri yezana remakore rechi16 vakanga vakaronga makamuri mana akaponawo chitsauko. Uyezve, vaviri vave vakanyanyisa hombe. pakupedzisira Cathedral akava The vapfumbamwe. Saka yakanga neve nechepakati pyramidal chitsauko nechitsauko mberi nokudzoka shure. Kokoshniki uye vanosimbisa ayo keel zakomars dzinongoda panguva nechepakati Drum. Chitsauko huru muna 1508 rakanga gilded, uye gare gare, muna yechipiri yezana remakore rechi16, zvaiitwa nevamwe vapfumbamwe. Denga wakange wakafukidzwa gilded mhangura. Cathedral nokuti akanzi "Golden-Domed". Mufananidzo Mhandara Yakakomborerwa Mary inomirira The pfumbamwe - pfumbamwe panhengo ngirozi uye navatsvene kudenga.

Zviri Annunciation Cathedral

On ukuru Annunciation Cathedral of Kremlin diki. Izvi imhaka yokuti Kwaingoitirwa mhuri Prince. Pakutanga zvaiva mbiru kumabvazuva pamusoro iconostasis of Annunciation Cathedral, waiva chete zvishoma kuvatumwa chaivapo. Tara vertikalizm zvikuru chinosiyanisa musimboti nzvimbo yaro. Ichi refu Drum, Chigaro-girth pavakayambukira maberere. Vertical kufamba awedzera okuvimba. Rakanga akavhiringidzwa nechepasi chikamu uye pamusoro karwizi chiedza pakudurura kubva nemahwindo ari dhiramu.

Kumadokero chikamu pane hwakakwana choruses kuti kuvimba muhombe pasi Maberere. mudziyo kwavo mugumo rechi15 kare zvekare. Zviri kazhinji, pamwe basa rokuvaka temberi semhuri. Zvinogoneka kuti izvi imhaka chido kuramba urongwa aiva yapfuura chivakwa. Zvinonzi zvakare vaifungidzira (muzana remakore rechi19) kuti choruses akanga achida kuti vamiririri mhuri youmambo panguva yokunamata. Zvisinei, zvakanga vakawana kuti vakanga pakutanga vakaparadzana rusvingo kureba anenge maviri metres, uye pakukora ezvidhinha maviri. Choirs akava saka mune imwe namahwindo nzvimbo, izvo nokuti yokunamata kunzwa haana akakodzera. Yavangangova, aigona kuiswa divi-makamuri. Two Kurohwa zvinotungamirira kwavari: mumwe zononoka manera kubva pasi riri kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumadokero chacho, riri mu mukati menyika masonry; uyewo zvakananga kubva kumuzinda, iyo anoisa pamusoro kwedenga.

berere

Pakuvaka Cathedral pakuvaka kubva kumativi ose akanga akapoteredzwa nemavharanda. Kwete asi zvakakwana kudzidza kwavo yepakutanga pakuonekwa, uye nguva chiitiko. East (pamwe Exchequer) akanga disassembled, uye zasi chakarasikirwa anenge zvachose yepakutanga kutarira. Porch, akashongedzwa mifananidzo, inoenda kumaodzanyemba kumusuwo. Zvinonzi, maererano nengano, yakavakwa pamusoro Ivan anotyisa, sezvo imwe pashure muchato chechina kunyimwa kodzero kuvapo muchechi, akaraira kuti kuisa pakuvaka paberere, yakanga iri nguva yokushumira.

Floor uye vharanda

Tsika chinobatanidza naIvan vanotyisa zvakafanana pasi, kuchiripo nhasi. Inoitwa diki kutigumbura yaiteverwa pamwe nesilicon Jasper uye anovaima. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvepabonde akaunzwa kubva Rostov Guru kuti mambo, apo akanga kamwe Byzantium. Berere, izvo Hakutarisi kuchamhembe-okumabvazuva nharaunda, paiva netsika. Kana kuderedza muna 1564 chapero yakavakwa naye kusimbisa mazano vakauya mbiru, saka vakafa kare siyana. Porch pakutanga zvakanga zvakafanana kumaodzanyemba, zvaiva nyore. Maberere aro akanga rinotsigirwa wechikamu mifananidzo yakavezwa misoro. In mbiru makobvu akachengetedzwa mumwe wavo. Manera akanga zvakare vakavakazve - zvakanga pakutanga steeper uye pfupi.

Temberi nemavharanda vaitungamirira nezvikumbaridzo. Western uye kuchamhembe vakaurayiwa vokuItaly carvers. South panguva alterations muna 1836, kumaodzanyemba berere rakaparadzwa, yakavakwazve 1949, vakasara kupona.

Cathedral kupenda

Vasily III, muchinda mukuru, uyo aiva wenhaka Ivan III, akaraira pakutanga ushe splendidly munoshongedza mifananidzo iri Cathedral sirivha nendarama pepuranga uye pendi nayo. Pane kufungidzira kuti Church hwakatamisirwa kwemifananidzo Andreya Rubleva (a emapuranga okuberekwa) uye akazadzwa mufananidzo itsva chaiyo muenzaniso kwokutanga. Fedor Edikeev kuita basa iri.

Ivo vakabuda berere iri seinäkartta mufananidzo mifananidzo siyana dzechiGiriki vakachenjera vekare, uyo akararama asati aberekwa Kristu (Socrates, Plato, Plutarch, Zeno, Ptolemy, Thucydides, Aristotle) pamwe mipumburu mumaoko avo, ane mashoko kuti vari pedyo pfungwa dzechiKristu. About kupenda ichi pane shanduro zhinji vari. Maererano nomumwe wavo, ichi utsanzi Fedor Edikeeva. Vamwe vanodavira kuti yokutanga muRussia mabhishopi vaiva vaGiriki pakuzvarwa uye anokudzwa vakachenjera vake vatsvene, kunyange vaKristu.

Shrine of Annunciation Cathedral

zvinoera Vakawanda vakaramba vari Cathedral of Annunciation. Mufananidzo Annunciation, ivo rarest yake iconographic mhando chakaitwa pachidziro chetemberi. Kwairatidza dzokuMabvazuva tsika, maererano iyo Mhandara Yakakomborerwa aiva Gabriel Ngirozi Huru Patsime kuNazareta uye vakauya naye akanaka kuti aizova Muponesi.

Mufananidzo Muponesi Ngoni waiva kumusuwo of Church. Maererano nengano vanhu kwaari rimwe anoremekedzwa rubatsiro anoshamisa. Uyu navlekshy vamambo vatsamwire pachake munamato kudzoka pabasa, uye kukanganwirwa. Pashure paizvozvo, vanhu muchimirira ngoni uye akanaka, akatanga kuuya mufananidzo.

Ndakaramba pano uye Don mufananidzo Mhandara Yakakomborerwa, izvo pashure Hondo Kulikov chaipiwa kuna Dmitry Donskoy. Vake yavakamuropafadza iyi nzira, maererano nengano, Sergiy Radonezhsky. Vachikudza icon rechi17 yakanga yakavakwa Donskoy wemamonk muMoscow. Iye zvino ari Tretyakov Gallery.

The Cathedral uye Kremlin chime

Nhoroondo mabhero muna Kremlin uyewo kunotanga Annunciation Cathedral. Moscow aiva wokutanga kuwana kubva kare 1404 chaiyo nguva. Ipapo Lazar Serbin, mumongi pakati Athos, remuti (okuberekwa) Cathedral of Annunciation yakaiswa pamusoro peshongwe yamambo wachi, ose awa amurove ari nenyundo chinoratidza nguva. Muna 1624, vanatenzi Russian Shumilo uye Zhdanov, uye Hristofor Galovey (wokuEngland) pamusoro Spasskaya Tower yakaiswa tenzi wachi munyika yedu.

Muna 1917, muna November, ari Moscow Cathedral of Annunciation zvakaipisisa zvakakuvadza panguva kutokonora. Biravira raro rakaparadzwa Pane bhomba. Ndatamira Moscow Bolshevik Government yakavharwa. Zvino mundima Annunciation Cathedral, kuti miziyamu iri. It ingasvikwa sezvo kuna Kremlin, riri kutenderera. Dzimwe nguva, zvisinei, aiitisa basa, nokuti nzvimbo yacho itsvene. Cathedral of Annunciation April 7 (1993) anoshanyira Patriarch of Moscow uye All Russia. Musi uyu mutambo yacho Annunciation. Patriarch anoitisa basa pano.