Ndezvipi utachiona uye avo basa zvakasikwa

Around kupera XIX remakore, masayendisiti akatanga kuunganidza ruzivo pamusoro misiyano pakati prokaryotic uye eukaryotic muchitokisi , uye zvishoma nezvishoma dzinounzwa imwevo umambo zvipenyu, mubatanidzwa kushayikwa Kusiyanisa kwamakamuri, - Protista. Zvisinei, chii utachiona panguva iyoyo chete vaifanira kudzidza: chete XX remakore. ruzivo urwu rave systematized. Utachiona inoiswa runyararo zvose, iro rinogona kukuvakai makemikari nyaya. Ivo kushivirira yakakwirira uye yakaderera tembiricha salinity uye acidity. Saka, umambo utachiona huri kwete zvakatipoteredza, apo ivo anoora makemikari nyaya zvokurarama nazvo zvavo, asi dzine populates vazhinji mucous membranes zvemhuka uye vanhu, kubatsira kugaya zvokudya, uye kukwikwidzana utachiona. Kunyanya makuru dzavo muchinangwa senitrogen muviri, sezvo cyanobacteria vanokwanisa kushandisa mumhepo senitrogen chete. Zvisinei, vamwe utachiona ndiwo causative vamiririri zvirwere: rinderpest, anaerobic uye intestinal zvirwere, njovhera, nekorera uye nechigwadara.

Morphology

Ultrastroenie utachiona zvinoonekwa chete nomunhu Erekitironi maikorosikopu Zvisinei, kuti utachiona akadaro, uye sei vanotarira kunze, unogona kuona uye kunyudza microscopy kushandisa chaiyo staining unyanzvi. Dimensions zvigare izvi zvinogona dzinosiyana 0.1 kusvika 10 microns, asi anobvumira kuti Morphology kwemabhakitiriya kugovera vave mapoka makuru matatu: idenderedzwa - cocci (mono-, yokuisira uye tetra-, streptococci uye sartsiny), tsvimbo - bacilli (mono-, diplo- , streptococci) uye vakamonyanisa - vibrio, spirilla uye spirochetes. Under Murabhoritari mamiriro kuziva mhando uye zvivako zviri enzayemu vari akura ari zvavo kana chinokosha inotonhorera zvenhau kuburikidza Colony inotungamirwa, uye munharaunda dzakasiyana uye vane muenzaniso zvakasiyana pakukura.

mamiriro

Kazhinji, chii utachiona anosarudza ultrastructure yavo. Kunze yakachengeterwa utachiona muchitokisi rusvingo, rine akaturikidzana ose peptidoglycan, teichoic asidhi uye lipid. Concentration kutanga anosarudza mano kwemabhakitiriya giremu yakasvibiswa nzira iri zodzera, maererano zvavakanga dzinoiswa muna Gy + uye Gr. Vamwe vavo vane zvimwe unodzivirira yakarongeka - mumwe Kamudzira rine K antigen uye chinonditadzisa phagocytosis kwavo mukati microorganism, chepfu migumisiro uye nomuviri zvinhu. Kuti udzidze zvakawanda pamusoro chii utachiona, zvinokosha kudzidza intracellular nechivako dzavo: kwemabhakitiriya azara cytoplasm, izvo ichiputswa dzimwe organelles (ribosomes, chromatophores) uye nechekuita mukugarisana muviri (lipids, shuga). Izvi, kufanana prokaryotes zvose havana rakapa musimboti uye zvose majini mashoko inochengeterwa mu kaviri nezano nucleic iine acid Morekuru riri munzvimbo yacho nucleoid ndokuinama kune Kamudzira pane imwe nguva. Beyond magene ruzivo yaro zviri mune plasmid zvinogona kuona zvivako uye kugadzira pathogenic zvinhu. Nokuti sangano vanoshandisa flagella uye spirillum, wakaiswa muchitokisi basal muviri, uye avo kubereka kunoitika kuburikidza vachigoverana nepakati.