Neck Anatomy: vertebrae, tsandanyama, tsinga

Mutsipa dzevanhu - chikamu chomuviri, unobva musoro uye muviri. Muganhu aro okumusoro kunotanga yepazasi shaya nharaunda. Anokunda mutumbi mutsipa kuburikidza jugular notch pamusoro sternum uye mubato Kunoguma pamusoro pechiso clavicle. Pasinei nokuti iduku kana ichienzaniswa nedzimwe, pane vakawanda zvivako zvinokosha uye nhengo, izvo dzakaparadzaniswa connective tishu.

shepi

Kana anatomi kwemitsipa iri mukuru chimiro rakafanana wose munhu, chimiro chayo dzingasiyana. Somumwe nhengo kana chikamu chomuviri, ane yayo unhu. Izvi nokuda peculiarities muviri bumbiro, zera, kuti munhui, nhaka unhu. The cylindrical Maumbirwo - mureza chimiro mutsipa. In uduku uye mudiki ganda iri nharaunda elasticity, skintight shwashwa nezvimwe maberere.

Kana tilting musoro midline kwemitsipa muviri zvakajeka uye nyanga yacho hyoid pfupa, thyroid shwashwa - cricoid, tracheal. Pasi mutumbi anooneka fossa - a jugular notch pamusoro sternum. In repakati uye tetepa zvinobva kumativi pamutsipa tsandanyama inogona nyore kuona. Zviri nyore kuona uye tsinga iri pedyo ganda.

mutsipa anatomi

Chikamu ichi muviri rine mukati pachayo zvikuru midziyo ropa uye tsinga kuti zvakakosha kwevanhu upenyu nhengo uye mapfupa. Kunotangwa tsandanyama hurongwa runoita kuti aite zvakasiyana siyana fambisa musoro. The womukati nemamiriro pamutsipa rine madhipatimendi akadai:

• Huro - chinhano nomumukanwa yevanhu pakutaura, unova chipingamupinyi chokutanga utachiona, anoita kukurukurirana kushanda zvomudumbu hurongwa;
• dokeriro - anobatsira basa rinokosha iri kutaura midziyo, kufema kudzivirirwa;
• trachea - muitisi mhepo mumapapu, unokosha chezvinonhuwira ari kufema hurongwa;
• thyroid shwanu - muviri kwemakemikari anobudiswa hurongwa inobereka mahormone kuti muviri;
• yegurokuro, - chikamu zvomudumbu cheni achisunda chikafu mudumbu kudzivirira reflux negwara risiri;
• musana - soro che huta yevanhu hurongwa, basa mufambo yemuviri mabasa hunenge.

Mukuwedzera, kuburikidza pamutsipa wakaedza tsinga, zvikuru midziyo ropa uye mutsinga. Inoitwa vertebrae uye shwashwa, connective zvinyama uye mafuta rukoko. Chikamu ichi muviri, zvinokosha kubatana "musoro - mutsipa", nemhaka iyo rinobatanidza musana uye pfungwa.

kwemitsipa

Kusiyanisa kumberi uye makotsi, uyewo vazhinji "Triangle", izvo kungogumira lateral micheto ari trapezius tsandanyama. The mugove pamberi sokunge netriangle ine chawo zvachose. Rine painogumira: Upper - yakaderera rushaya, pazasi - the jugular notch, mativi - micheto sternocleidomastoid tsandanyama. The mutsetse pakati rinokamukana chikamu ichi munzvimbo mbiri, triangle medial: rworudyi uye kuruboshwe. Panewo lingual Triangle, kuburikidza iyo inogona kuvhurwa kuvhura lingual tsinga. Rinokutadzisa pamberi hyoid tsandanyama, pamusoro - hypoglossal tsinga, shure uye nechepasi mudzira pamusoro digastric, izvo dziri pedyo carotid Triangle.

Scapular-tracheal nharaunda dzisina scapular-hyoid uye sternocleidomastoid tsandanyama. In scapuloclavicular Triangle, inova chikamu peya lateral Triangle, riri jugular Vienna, Vienna, uye suprascapular tsinga uye thoracal node mutsinga dzinofamba nemukaka. The trapezoidal-scapular mutsipa chikamu chiri chishongedzo tsinga uye remuromo zvachero tsinga, uye kuburikidza medial mugove waro rinokoka transverse tsinga.

MUNDA manera tsandanyama iri interscalene uye predlestnichnoe nzvimbo mukati iyo kunosvika tsinga subclavian uye suprascapular, Vienna subclavian uye phrenic tsinga.

Rear Front shoma trapezoid tsandanyama. Hezvinoi dzomunyika carotid tsinga uye jugular Vienna, uyewo vagus, hypoglossal, glossopharyngeal, chishongedzo tsinga.

mapfupa mutsipa

The musana Shongwe inoumbwa 33-34 vertebrae uye achipfuura mumuviri uye munhu kumushumira rutsigiro. Zvayaiva mukati musana, iro rinobatanidza arikunze kuuropi uye rinopa soro dzepanguva basa. Wokutanga nomuzongoza iri chete mukati pamutsipa kuburikidza iro iye ane yakakwirira mufambo.

Remuromo musana uri 7 vertebrae, vamwe izvo zvakachengetedzwa zvisaririra zviri fused pamwe transverse kwendangariro. chikamu kwavo pamberi, inova mumakomba muganhu - zvako kanomirira mbabvu. remuromo vertebral muviri laterally elongated, isingasviki vazvo uye ane Chigaro chimiro. Izvi zvinopa remuromo nomuzongoza mukuru mufambo achienzaniswa nevamwe zvikamu musana mbiru.

Maburi vertebrae pamwe chete kuumba nzira iyo inoshanda kuti kudzivirira ari vertebral tsinga uye tsinga. Nzvimbo ndima musana zvinoumba arc ari remuromo vertebrae, zviri zvakakwana paupamhi uye chakafanana mativi chimiro. Spinous dzinotsanagura akaparadzana, saka pano kuda chaizvo tsandanyama fibers.

Vertebra "atirasi"

Vaviri remuromo vertebrae pamusoro mamiriro akasiyana nemamwe mashanu vokutanga. Hazvina Kuvapo kwavo kunoita munhu kuita zvakasiyana siyana fambisa musoro: kurereka, swivel, kutenderera. Origin vertebrae - rin'i repfupa tishu. It rine chinhu chakakombama pamberi pamusoro convex chikamu riri Anterior akafukidza. Kudivi romukati hwakasiyana glenoid fossa rechipiri remuromo vertebra odontoid rikurumidze.

Atlas vertebra panguva kumashure chinhu chakakombama ane zvishoma yakabudikira chikamu - rwemberi ano. Mukuru articular rikurumidze pamusoro chinhu chakakombama yatsiviwa glenoid fossa denderedzwa. Vari machira kuti condyles ari occipital mapfupa. Sezvo rezasi articular pezvakaitwa ndiwo makomba, izvo zvine chokuita inotevera vertebra.

akabatana

Wechipiri remuromo vertebra - Sekaiichi kana epistrophe - Kunotangwa akasiyana odontoid yaiva rokumusoro chikamu chomuviri wake. Kurutivi rumwe norumwe zvinoshandiswa vari vagari hukawanika zvishoma convex chimiro.

Izvi zviviri chaicho vertebral maumbirwo ndivo hwaro pamutsipa mufambo. Saka akabatana kuridza basa Kutenderera akabatana uye atirasi wavhomorwa pamwechete dehenya.

Tsandanyama of remuromo muzongoza

Pasinei zvakanaka duku kukura, vapfumi mutsipa dzevanhu tsandanyama dzakasiyana marudzi. Pano vari dzichiitika chiedza, svikiro, zvakadzika lateral tsandanyama uye medial boka. chinangwa chavo chikuru munzvimbo iyi - wakabata musoro, ichipa kutaura uye pakuparadza.

Tsandanyama kubvumira kuchengeta musoro wake, kuti flick, zvichiberekana nayo, kumedza ufuridzire. Rinovatadzisa yavo pakukura osteochondrosis pamusoro remuromo musana uye kunonatsiridza ropa riyerere kuuropi.

mutsipa fascia

Nokuda vakasiyana mitumbi achipfuura nzvimbo ino, anatomi kwemitsipa kunoratidza kuvapo connective Kamudzira kuti ichikutadzisa uye anodzivirira zvomukati, tsinga, tsinga uye mapfupa. It is chinhu "nyoro" marangwanda kuita trophic uye kutsigira mabasa. Fascia fiyuzi pamwe vakawanda mutsinga kwemitsipa, pasina nokudaro achivapa intertwine nemumwe, kuti dai kukanganisa munhu kutyora venous water drainage.

Chimiro yavo zvokuti kuoma kuti anatomi iri zvakasiyana-siyana yakarondedzerwa hachishandi. Chimbofunga mumwe akagamuchira classifications, hwaakange unobatanidza fascia goko akakamurwa:

1. Surface - unzenza, mamiriro akanaka dzinojata platysma. It anoenda kubva pamutsipa kumeso uye chipfuva.
2. Own - wanamatira nechepasi pamberi sternum uye clavicle, uye kumusoro zvenyama pfupa uye mandible, uye ipapo chinoita kuti chiso nzvimbo. Ari seri kwemitsipa kunofambidzana kune spinous dzinotsanagura vertebrae.
3. Aponeurosis scapuloclavicular - zvinoita rwakaita trapezoid, uye unongoda pakati kumativi omohyoid tsandanyama uye hyoid pfupa, uye anokamura nzvimbo pakati nechepasi pemvura mukati sternum, uye vaviri clavicles. Iye anofukidza pamberi dokeriro, thyroid shwanu uye trachea. Maererano midline kwemitsipa scapuloclavicular aponeurosis merges pamwe yayo fascia, pova chena mutsetse.
4. Vnutrisheynuyu - chinovafukidza zvose zvomukati kwemitsipa, panguva imwe chete rine zvikamu zviviri: visceral uye parietal. Wokutanga kuvhara muviri mumwe nomumwe, uye yokupedzisira pamwechete.
5. Peredpozvonochnuyu - anopa kufukidza refu tsandanyama musoro uye mutsipa uye merges pamwe aponeurosis.

Fascia mugove uye kudzivirira munzvimbo dzose pamutsipa, nokudaro zvichiita kuti "kuvhiringidzika" midziyo, tsinga uye tsandanyama.

dzeropa

midziyo mutsipa anopa water drainage rimwe venous ropa kubva musoro uye mutsipa. Vari paakapiwa kwokunze uye dzakawanda jugular tsinga. Ropa runoyerera kuruvanze mugaba mutsipa munzvimbo nzeve, ganda pamusoro scapula uye pamberi mumutsipa. A shoma yapfuura bondo iye rinobatanidza pamwe subclavian uye dzakawanda jugular tsinga. pakupedzisira zvapedzisira hwapedyo kutanga mujinga nemutsipa uye rakakamurwa mutsinga maviri brachiocephalic kurudyi nekuruboshwe.

midziyo Mutsipa, uye kunyanya munyika jugular Vienna, basa rinokosha mune hematopoiesis kwendangariro. It rinobva muna mujinga yeDehenya uye rinoshandiswa kubudisa ropa nemidziyo yose wouropi. rechibharo ayo ari pamutsipa ndiwo: nani thyroid, lingual chiso, asingafungi nezvenyama, occipital Vienna. Kuburikidza pamutsipa kunosvika carotid tsinga, izvo mapazi ari panzvimbo iyi haadaro.

Mutsipa tsinga plexus

Tsinga vanoumba diaphragmatic mutsipa, ganda, uye tsandanyama ezvirevo izvo chiri panzvimbo ina remuromo vertebrae wokutanga. Zvinoumba plexus, iro rakatanga muna remuromo musana tsinga. Muscle boka tsinga innervate tsandanyama dziri pedyo. Mutsipa uye pamapfudzi achishandisa kufamba kweropa nemhepo. Phrenic tsinga kunokanganisa kwebasa diaphragm, pericardium uye pleura fibers. matavi Cutaneous kukonzera ushnomu, occipital, uye lateral supraclavicular tsinga.

node nodes

Mutsipa anatomi zvinosanganisira chikamu nhengo dzinobudisa ezvinhu muviri. Munzvimbo iyi, zvinonzi chinoitirwa zvakadzama uye asingafungi nodes. Front vavo dziri pedyo jugular tsinga iri zvomene fascia. Deep node nodes pamberi pamutsipa vari pedo mitumbi iyo anopinda node water drainage, uye pamwechete navo zvakafanana zita (thyroid, predgortannye uye m. P.). Lateral boka nodes vanoumba retropharyngeal, jugular uye supraclavicular, tevere riri dzomunyika jugular Vienna. In zvakadzama node nodes ari pamutsipa node abudise kunoitika pamuromo, pharynx uye pakati nzeve uye nasal mhango. Zvichakadai, nemvura kutanga inopfuura nomunyika occipital nodes.

Mutsipa Structure - yakaoma uye kuti pfungwa ose millimeter hunhu. Set of plexus tsinga uye nemidziyo uropi ropa rinobatanidza basa uye arikunze. Muchikamu chidiki muviri womunhu dziri pakarepo zvose zvinobvira zvinhu hurongwa uye zvomukati: tsinga, tsandanyama, tsinga, node ducts uye nodes, mumasero, musana, vakawanda "mobile" nomuzongoza.