Ndezvipi OLEDs?

Nokusvika kwedzimwe dzakawanda kuti pfungwa inogona kuenderera mberi, unosanganisira mashoko greening yose indasitiri uye rakawedzera kwezvakatipoteredza vazive mutengi nenhumbi, zvakaizadza rokuti "makemikari", hamuzi kukuru mubereko uye kudiwa. Uye OLEDs vaifanira kuvapowo. New rwokugadzirwa mhinduro uye zvitsva zvinogadzirwa nguva atambudzwe ari "akura" vanoshandisa, kuti varambe vachifambirana nguva. Chii - OLEDs, chii vari nheyo basa ravo uye tarisiro? Ndiyo nyaya ino.

Vakasvimha nhoroondo

Electroluminescent ehupfumi kuti makemikari zvinhu zvakawanikwa muna 1950 ne yefizikisi French Andre Bernanoz. Asi chete muna 1987 kuwanikwa awana muzvigadzirwa mhinduro rokutanga OLED-mudziyo kugadzirwa ne "Kodak". Uye muna 2000, vatatu chete mishonga - A. MacDiarmid uye H. Shirakawa uye A. Heeger - vakanga paakavapa Nobel Prize pamusana ake Zvakawanikwa mumunda Organic Polymers tonkoprovodyaschih. Chete muna 2008, ndokuenda Sale rokutanga OLED-rambi OSRAM kambani yacho, iyo yakaitwa makopi 25 chete panguva mutengo 25 zviuru euros. Nhasi, mwenje izvi kupa nhamba makambani ari mutengo 500 euros, uye pane dzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda mune OLED-zvemichina: PHOLED, TOLED, FOLED nevamwe zvinonzwisisika chete unyanzvi.

Where Organic?

Oddly zvakakwana, asi nokushandiswa kweshoko "Organic" muchirevo chechinyorwa chino asina toreva zvibereko mhuka kana muriwo mavambo. OLEDs kana OLED (kubva Chirungu Organic Light Emitting Diode), - a semiconductor wakaitwa kabhoni zvinhu izvo zvinowanisa nemwaranzi kana achipfuura therethrough magetsi. Zvinoshandiswa kwavo gadzira zvibereko makemikari kemisitiri (kabhoni yeimwe), izvo dzinovabvumira kunzi Organic LEDs.

Kweguyo sezvamunoita

The mudziyo ine zvikamu zvina: pakadarowo, imwe anode, imwe cathode, uye zvichiratidza conductive rukoko. Mujinga kana substrate kungava regirazi, mapurasitiki kana esimbi kwamahwendefa. The anode chinhu indium oxide doped pamwe gaba. Conductive rukoko uye emitting akaturikidzana vari Polymers, shoma samolecular uremu Organic yeimwe. The cathode yakaitwa kubva aruminiyamu, calcium, kana zvimwe simbi.

The zvemichina hakushandi yefizikisi

chiedza-emitting Organic diodes vakaronga panheyo imwe sangweji. Several matete akaturikidzana kuti makemikari semiconductors sandwiched pakati raznozaryazhennymi electrodes (zvakanaka nezvakaipa). Zvino hwakarongwa pachishandiswa läpinäkyvä zvinhu - rinoonekera kana mapurasitiki (semuenzaniso, tigone polyimide). Kana kuitika iri vakayambuka electrodes, vanoumba mhosva nezvimedu (maerekitironi uye quasi-PARTICIPLE). Paavhareji, kuti makemikari rukoko zvacho vari dzichiitika nokusika dzakakwirira simba excitation, izvo zvinokonzera chiedza akabuda mavara mavara ari makemikari rukoko. saka AMOLED vari chaizvo fluorescent kana fosforetsentnye Organic akaturikidzana.

Types chizvaro chiedza emitting Organic diodes

OLED-anoratidza pamusoro mhando chizvaro rakakamurwa tichishingaira-chizvaro uye pusa-chizvaro. Active-chizvaro matete-firimu mano zvinodzorwa ne munda-zvazviri transistors, izvo dziri pasi anode foil. The pusa-chizvaro mufananidzo iri yakawanikwa panguva mharadzano nguva perpendicularly yakaronga anode uye cathode rinoparadza, nepo kuzvidzora rinoitwa vaine remudunhu kwokunze. Sokuona ichi, pane vatatu ruvara Zvirongwa OLED-anoratidza:

• With vakaparadzana emitters mavara - vatatu Organic chizvaro emit mavara matatu anokosha (zvitema, girini uye tsvuku) umo chifananidzo aumbwa.
• With matatu emitters chena uye chinokosha ruvara filters.
• Blue emitters anotendeuka waves wavelengths Red uye girini.

ano chikumbiro

Munguva yedu, OLED-zvemichina anoshandiswa kunyanya uzkospetsializovannyh zviitiko. Holography uye zvakaratidzwa usiku namano, makemikari anowedzera maredhiyo uye digitaalinen makamera, foni sefa uye mwenje, TVs uye monitors - ichi zvose zvinoita OLED-zvigadzirwa.

The upenyu basa OLED-mano

All ano mano, achishandisa michina iyi, pakupedzisira pachena kurukutika ruvara kupenya. Kunyange pamukova zvakanzi yakawanikwa fragility achine OLEDs. Resource mashandiro ari mudziyo nhasi anonzi kunova kuvharwa apo chidzitiro Nokupenya wakaderedzwa kusvika 50%. Operation anomiswa kuti kupiwa indekisi vanenge 70%. Asi makambani bhizimisi kukura ruzivo aya inobereka migumisiro - kazhinji mutengi anochinja yechinyakare mudziyo kunyange usati zvakakodzera kuti pedo kuguma upenyu.

zvakanakisisa zvakanakisisa

The Kudeuka Panel ane makemikari chiedza-emitting diodes nokuti nhasi - ndiwo zvinobikwa kwemajoini chirongwa vemasangano OSRAM, Philips, Novaled, Fraunhoter IPMS. Panel Kukura - 33 kusvika 33 cm zvinoshingaira chikamu nzvimbo - 828 sq. masendimita, uye aperture reshiyo - 76%. Kana Kupenya 1 zviuru candelas por mativi mita chechiedza okuyerera tudonhwe 25 lumens por watt. Vakatengesa nhasi, chinonyanya kambani Lumiotec remadziro rine kukura 15 ne 15 masendimita uye luminous okuyerera 60 lumens por watt, izvo zvakaenzana kuti fluorescent chiedza girobhu racho. A Panasonic Corporation muna 2020 vakaronga kuti votanga kumusika OLED kuratidza ane luminous okuyerera 128 lumens por watt. Sezvo achikwikwidza American dzesangano Doe, iyo anopikira Panel pamwe aibuda prices anosvika 170 lumens muzana watt.

Vangangoramba OLED-ukomba

Most yaivapo mhando vari prototypes nhasi. Unodhura, ndivo vakaitwa shoma batch, regai Vanokunga, asi hazvisi zvakakwana inobudirira. Makambani makuru ichanyanya pamusoro kuderedza Mari yaidiwa kuvaka, kuwedzera kukura uye kuvandudzwa yauinayo. Nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti chidzoke chevanhu vakawanda chezvinhu vane inokwanisika mitengo iri pamisika nyika kubudikidza 2020.

OLED-chiedza

OLEDs mu kubatidza asi ari pamusika kuchangotanga. Kugadzirwa chigadzirwa ichi haisati yakatanga chero dzesangano. Mutengo mwenje dzakadaro huchiri chaizvo kumusoro paavhareji mutengi, uye kubwinya uye matochi upenyu murombo. Turnover mabhiriyoni 75 US emadhora pamisika nyika, rinova nhamba OLED-chiedza - a nani shoma. Vatengi ava zvigadzirwa havasi dzinongoitika vanhu, uye dzimwe Makambani kuti tinoita pamasikiro midziyo uye musha, uyewo motokari indasitiri dzesangano.

Zvakanakira nekuipira

In OLEDs, pane zvakanakira nekuipira. Pakati wokutanga zvazvisingarambiki zvavo pasi simba zvinodyiwa uye yunifomu kuparadzira chiedza mhiri Panel, mukuru kushanda, kwezvakatipoteredza ushamwari uye chiedza munyoro. Asi chikuru zvinobatsira - ndiwo mukana kuvapa mukana wokushandiswa uye nokungwarira. A zvakaipira ndiwo fragility basa diodes, zvinodhura uye kwesayenzi matambudziko (makemikari zvinoriumba iri oxidized pamusoro kuonana nemvura, izvo zvinoda rumwe chisimbiso). Asi makambani kuramba mari kukura ruzivo izvi, vachiona mavari nezveramangwana Electronics.

Zvinobvumirwa eco ushamwari

The OLED-zvinhu dzisina nesimbi inorema uye chepfu zvinhu zvakadai mercury. Vari nyore kupatsanurwa uye haadi kuti chinokosha muripo uye mamwe kubudiswa kukwanisa inoraswa. Iridium phosphorescent mwenje OLED ndiyo isiri chepfu, uye chayo ishoma zvikuru. Transportation dzakaonda uye chiedza OLED-ukomba kunoda zvinhu zvishoma, nokuderedza mari, uye kunoderedza mutoro zvakatipoteredza. Somuenzaniso, imwe TV tarisisa OLED-diagonal pamusoro 55 nemainji ane Ukobvu 4 neMM, uye hunorema anenge 5.4 makirogiramu.

Fantasy anova chokwadi

Pasinei chokwadi dzimwe nyanzvi, vazhinji anodavira kuti OLED-zvemichina richava guru budiriro muzana remakore rechi21. Fantastic zvirongwa kuva chokwadi, anoti:

• Zviri ruzivo izvi achasika kwete illusory, uye zvikuru chaizvoizvo-dimensional matatu mufananidzo.
• Lighting kwose kutsiva OLED-mwenje.
• Aionekwa segirazi kwezuva aenzana.
• Usazviomesera Gadget Monitors anogona kukodzera muhomwe yako.
• Kusimba lightweight tarisisa pamwe ruvara unhu mukuru uye navanopinda kuona angled uchava pakarepo mhinduro, shoma kukura uye miganhu.
• Kushandiswa kwemichina ari kuzvidzivirira indasitiri zvarwo zvinoshamisa.
• Asi luminous nguo akatooneka ari mugadziri akaunganidzwa.

Asi Usarega ipapo - the Mashoko yenyanzvi uye vanoita. Sayenzi yemazuva vagara panguva bifurcation nguva apo munhu upi zvakawanikwa anogona kutsausa kukura yebudiriro mune zvakakwana nezvimwewo negwara. Mienzaniso Zvakawanikwa dzakadaro zvakawanzwa; ichi kuzara Vacuum nenyere uye Krasnikova uye kunyange yokutanga Organic yeimwe zvakadzama nzvimbo. Nhasi Vanguard zvigadzirwa zvemazuva - OLEDs, uye mangwana - ndiani anoziva?