Mukanwa Anatomy: Photo

Mukanwa, anatomi chichakurukurwa munyaya ino, ndiye "muganhu" pakati nezvakatipoteredza simba uye nechomukati womunhu kwezvakatipoteredza. It zvinokonzera chakakomba chipingamupinyi tupukanana tusingaoneki, kupa kutanga kwekupwanyiwa kugaya uye panowanikwa ruzha.

Mukanwa: anatomi mu ontogenesis

Munguva embryo kukura munhu muromo rinotanga kukura atova rechi12 zuva. Nemaziso rinomiririra protrusion ectoderm, riri pakati fungidziro cardiac uye chepfungwa sefuro. Panguva iyi, zvinonzi anonzi fovea, kana nemumuromo mhango.

Language ikabuda ontogenesis 4-5 vhiki. Panguva kutsenga tsandanyama, ndiko nemhaka dikidiki ari Gill pamaberere. Pakuzadzisa dzaiita zvokutaurwa mhango, riri zvikuru yakaoma anatomi, anobvumira muchero kumboona kuti Líquido amniótico. Ndiwo mamiriro ezvinhu umo riri. On the 7th svondo mumutauro kuravidza wotungira kuoneka. Pakazosvika mavambo romwedzi embryo kukura rechipiri rinopedzisa paumbwe kudenga.

Features mucosa

Anatomy of nomumukanwa mhango (Photo chinoratidza nechivako kwayo) anomiririrwa anotevera zvinoriumba: miromo, rurimi, matama, mazino, matadza, ducts ari mate omumuviri, tonsils uye mhepo.

Basa rinokosha mukuita mabasa ayo Mitambo mucosa kuumbwa multilayer sandara epithelial tishu. Below nayo ndiyo zimba Kamudzira uye submucosal. A maitiro chepfungwa nomumukanwa epithelium ari mukuru tichikwanisa patsva, izvo zvakatanga chirongwa nokuda kwayo bukira layer uyewo kurwisa kune akaipa Migumisiro zvezvakatipoteredza mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira uye zvirwere unosvikirwa.

Actual mucous Kamudzira pamusoro connective zvinyama achiumbwa nemasero. Kuti rine tsinga harinzwi rirambe richibvira uye nhengo dzinobudisa nemidziyo. Actual mucous iri specialized cellular zvivako, anozadzisa chinokosha basa. Izvi zvinosanganisira macrophages, rechikepe masero uye plasma. Zvavanokupai phagocytosis vokune dzimwe nyika inoramba, mutemo vascular permeability, kwetunhu immunoglobulins.

The zvokuudzwa mucosa mhando dzakasiyana-siyana receptors. Izvi zvinosanganisira marwadzo, tactile uye tembiricha. Asi manakiro mucous havana hanya. basa iri rinoitwa neboka tsandanyama reDare nomumukanwa mhango - rurimi.

Somugumisiro, zvinganzi kuti vanhu mucosa ari nomumukanwa mhango inopa unodzivirira, mapurasitiki uye anenge ushande.

mutauro

Anatomy dzevanhu zvokuudzwa mhango rinopa inotungamirwa uye mouthfeel. Zvaitika kana chavakaona siyana makemikari kuti specialized receptors. Bvumiranai kuravira maonero chinokuvadzwa nomumwe. Asi masayendisiti kusiyanisa yayo huru mhando. Vane yakashapa, zvinovava, chinonhuwira uye wakawanda.

Ravirai receptors anonzi chemoreceptors. Ivo riri zvakabikwa namabukira, chimwe nechimwe zvakabatana muromo okutanga nguva. Pasinei zvinonyatsorehwa nemamiriro urongwa, ivo unyanzvi. Saka, muromo rurimi vari kuramba receptors kuti kuonesesa inotapira, pamusoro kumicheto - a anovava, panguva mudzi - zvinovava. The rakasiyana ndiyo nzvimbo kuti anogona kuona wakawanda kuravira. Riri pamusoro muromo uye napamusoro kumicheto. Language iri munyaya paumbwe ruzha, wetting, akanya uye pakuparadza chikafu.

The anatomi mumuromo uye meno

Zvokuimba Food processing rinoitwa achishandisa kwemeno. Kazhinji, ivo kuverenga 32. In pamatsime nerimwe shaya riri 4 incisors, 2 canines, 4 diki uye 6 molars makuru. Vose unyanzvi. Saka, vachibatsirwa incisors uye canines kunoitika nibble chikafu, uye achibatsirwa ravaIndia akanga makapwanya mushy ezvinhu.

The peculiarities of kwokunze nemamiriro zino kusiyanisa mudzi, mutsipa uye korona. Yokupedzisira ndiyo chikamu chinooneka uye riri kumusoro chingamu. Mucheka anofukidza korona, yainzi enamel. Zvinonzi vaiona chakaomesesa mumuviri womunhu. Neck unoumba munhu zvishoma rakasimba zvinhu - simende. Connective zvinyama rokuzadza mhango mumwe zino ndiyo pulp. It Akaronga tsinga fibers, nhengo dzinobudisa nemidziyo ropa. Saka, zviri kuburikidza nesimba pulp kunoitika uye meno kukura.

Sei nokuumbwa zvivako izvi nomumukanwa mhango? Bookmark mazino kunoitika kunyange embryonic period. Asi pashure pemwedzi 6 azvarwa. Vanosvika 20. Ndivo mukaka, kusvikira makore 10 inotsiviwa constants. Latest kura mazino uchenjeri kuti kuonekwa makore 25. Nokuti murume, ivo throwback kubva vakarasika kukosha kwavo mukufamba shanduka.

receptors

Masayendisiti anoti ari nemumuromo mhango ndiko kunaka atwo anenge 2000. Achipindura okutambirwa zvokudya ivo vanowana ndakarwadziwa. The anonongedzera saka zviri wakaumba, pamusoro etsinga fibers vanotumirwa kuburikidza kushandiswa dhipatimendi zvenguva yacho chepfungwa cortex. Pano uye akaumba nepfungwa kuravira.

Nokuti vanhu vose, ndizvo chaizvo nomumwe. Ravirai rinotsanangurwa utetsa pachikumbaridzo. For mishonga siyana haazi chete. The chepamusorosoro mufananidzo pakupopotedzana, yakaderera - kune yakashapa. Uye pano ndiyo wakawanda uye inotapira munhu anoona zvakafanana.

Chemical mabatiro zvokudya

Anatomy of nomumukanwa mhango uye pharynx zvokuti dzichiri uye zvimwe chikuru dura zvokudya kugaya. Zvakananga chikafu, mufananidzo zvayo kana kunyange munhuwi havi salivation. Izvi zvinoitika kuburikidza omumuviri, ducts izvo kuzarura kupinda nomumukanwa mhango. With mate cleavage pamusoro makabhohaidhiretsi dzakaoma kusvika nyore neutralization pamusoro microbial, moisturizing uye rakafukidza bolus. Next, achishandisa mutauro iye akasunda kuti huro, vasapinda yegurokuro uye mudumbu.

The Kuronga mate

The ehupfumi of mate muviri mumwe Hauoneki zvokunwa mucous kusachinja-chinja. Vanopfuura 98% zvayo zviri mvura. Cleavage kuti shuga kunzwisisa zvinopa mate makemikari - maltase, amylase uye lysozyme. Ekupedzisira acho anoita uyewo yakachengeteka basa neutralizing utachiona uye nekupodzwa nomumukanwa maronda.

Mate chinewo mucilage, unonzi mucin. Inopa hydration uye rakafukidza chikafu. Saka, zvemaziso, zvemakemikari uye zvokudya kubudiswa anoita chaizvo nomumukanwa mhango. Anatomy of zvomudumbu gadziriro zvizere chokuita mabasa anoitwa.

Sei mate

Process mate dzepanguva kunoitika. Nokuti kwayo "kutanga" vanoda receptors kutsamwa ari nomumukanwa mucosa. Izvi zvinoita kuti tibvunze kuti tsinga nomunhu, izvo zvino vakatuma salivation nepakati medulla oblongata. mumwe muitiro kwakadaro muUri.

Asi kana isu chete kufungidzira ndimu yakashapa kana flavoured cake, ipapo mumuromo pakarepo anotanga salivate. mikana yakawanda yokukurudzira akadaro ndokunge.

Saka, dzaiita zvokutaurwa mhango, apo anatomi akanga aongorora munyaya ino, zvinotevera mabasa:

• kuona unhu uye kunaka zvokudya;
• zvemaziso uye mushonga kubudiswa zvokudya;
• kudzivirira utachiona substandard zvigadzirwa;
• bolus inotungamirwa;
• kukamurwa makabhohaidhiretsi zvakaoma kupinda nyore.