Mugari nemavhairasi: chii uye sei kuparadza. Computer nemavhairasi

vanozvishandisa Most kanenge kamwe muupenyu hwake nomubvunzo yokuti kombiyuta wanda. Zvisinei, kwete vakawanda vanoziva kuti kupatsanura iri hwaro kutyisidzira ine mhando mbiri hombe: vasiri mugari uye mugari wanda. Ngationgororei giredhi yechipiri, nekuti kuti vamiririri vayo vari kupfuura ngozi, uye dzimwe nguva undeletable kunyange formatting ari dhisiki kana partition.

Ndechipi ndangariro-mugari wanda?

Saka, chii ichocho user? Kurerutsa tsanangudzo marongerwo zviga kushanda nemavhairasi dzakadaro kutanga ndiko kuisa pfungwa achitsanangura chii mugari chirongwa zvarwo.

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti uyu mhando-software rinosanganisira mafomu kuti vanomhanya ichi- iri kuongorora muoti, zvakajeka haana kuratidza zvaunoita (somuenzaniso, zvakafanana nguva utachiona scanners). Kana nokutyisidzira kuti kupinda mumba yekombiyuta, havasi chete zvakabatira zvechigarire munzvimbo kuyeuka kombiyuta, asi kuti pave Paarismängud yavo. Saka, makopi utachiona uye vari kuramba vachiongorora mamiriro ezvinhu uye kutama pamusoro payo, izvo zvinoita kuti zviome kuwana navo. Vamwe kutyisidzira kunogonawo kuchinja yayo chivako, uye kuonekwa kwavo maererano kwakajairika nzira kutonetsa. Papera chinguva, timboona sei kubvisa nemavhairasi kwakadai. Panguva ino, omerera huru akasiyana mugari vanotyisidzirwa.

Dos-kutyisidzirwa

Pakutanga, apo Windows- kana Unix-kufanana gadziriro vachiri haripo, uye aishandisa kutaurirana pamwe kombiyuta riri murayiridzo pamwero, paiva "OSes» Dos, yakareba zvakakwana kuti abate yepamusoro kukurumbira.

Uye vakadaro gadziriro zvakagadzirwa non-mugari uye mugari nemavhairasi, mugumisiro yakatanga kutungamirirwa atadze kushanda zvakanaka wegadziriro kana kubvisa tsika mafaira uye folders.

Nheyo kushanda kutyisidzira kwakadaro, izvo, sezvinei, zvinowanzodavirwa kushandiswa saka kure, ndechokuti ivo gamha panodana mafaira, uye ipapo kukanganisa callee. Zvisinei, vakawanda anozivikanwa nokutyisidzirwa nhasi inoshanda pasi ichi mhando. Asi pano ndiyo nemavhairasi kupinda mugadziriro kana paakasika mugari module muchimiro mutyairi kuti raanotaura hurongwa configuration faira, ari Config.sys, kana kuburikidza nokushandisa dzinokosha mashandiro kuti Tracking KUGARA anokudimburira.

Mamiriro acho ezvinhu akaipa mune nyaya apo ndangariro-mugari nemavhairasi iyi mhando rinoshandiswa kuti hurumende ichiisa imwe nzvimbo ino ndangariro. Mamiriro acho ezvinhu akadaro kuti wokutanga utachiona "paanoparadza" chimedu vakasununguka ndangariro, ipapo anotarazve nzvimbo iyi sezvo ndakabatikana, ipapo anochengeta yayo wawo. Chii chinonyanya chinopunyairireiko, pane zviitiko apo makopi vari muvhidhiyo kuyeuka, uye muzvinhu akachengeterwa clipboard, uye kudimburira Vector tafura, uye Dos kushanda munzvimbo.

izvi zvose zvinoita makopi utachiwana kutyisidzira ndiko saka akaoma musoro kuti ivo, kusiyana asiri mugari nemavhairasi kuti vanomhanya kusvikira achimhanya zvimwe chirongwa kana kushanda hurongwa mashandiro, zvinogona kusashanda zvakare kunyange pashure reboot. Uyezve, kana kuwana utachiona chinhu utachiona anokwanisa kusika rako, kunyange nomusoro. Somugumisiro - pakarepo uchikamhina kombiyuta. Sezvo zviri pachena, pakurapa nemavhairasi kwakadai kunofanira kuitwa uchibatsirwa dzinokosha scanners, uye zviri kwakanaka kwete mira, uye inotakurika kana vaya vanokwanisa vene kubva Manyiminya ngarurege kana USB-tikachirega. Asi zvakawanda pamusoro paikoko.

vene kutyisidzirwa

Boot nemavhairasi kupinda munzvimbo ezvinhu achishandisa imwe yakafanana nzira. Ndizvo chete ivo kuzvibata, chii chinonzi, zvakanaka, kutanga "kudya" chimedu ezvinhu ndangariro (yemanyorero 1 KB, asi dzimwe nguva nhamba iyi isvike vaifanira 30 KB), uye ipapo varwere pachedu bumbiro rayo muchimiro kopi, uye ipapo kutanga zvinoda munhu reboot. It hwakazara zvakaipa, nekuti pashure restart utachiona anodzosa shoma ndangariro wacho yepakutanga kukura, uye bhuku riri kunze hurongwa ndangariro.

Kuwedzera Tracking zvinovhiringidza nemavhairasi zvakadaro vanokwanisa taurira bumbiro yavo vari shangu zvekutepfenyura (MBR rekodhi). Zvishoma anowanzoshandiswa Bios intercepts uye Dos, uye nemavhairasi pachavo vakaremerwa kamwe, tisina magazini dzavo.

Nemavhairasi muna Windows

With veMubatanidzwa utachiona kukura Windows-hurongwa zvasvika kuvandudza, zvinosuwisa. Nhasi ndizvo chero shanduro Windows anonzi ari pangozi zvikuru hurongwa, pasinei kwakaitwa nenyanzvi Microsoft ari kukura vakachengeteka modules.

Nemavhairasi zvakagadzirirwa musi Windows, anoshanda papfungwa akafanana Dos pamutanhiko, chete nzira zvinopfuura kombiyuta pane zvakawanda. Zvinonyanyozivikanwa huru nhatu, izvo utachiwana anogona mishonga yayo remitemo hurongwa:

• Registration utachiona sezvo pari achimhanya mafomu;
• kuti hurumende ichiisa chidhina ndangariro unyore pariri pachake makopi;
• kushanda munyika pasi achinyepera kana vatyairi yokunyengera VxD pasi Windows NT mutyairi.

Utachiona mafaira kana hurongwa ndangariro nharaunda, pfungwa, vanogona kurapwa kwete kwakajairika nzira, iyo zvinoshandiswa Anti-utachiona scanners (utachiona vasabatwa chifukidzo, tichienzanisa Databases pamusoro vakasaina uye zvichingodaro. D.). Zvisinei, kana kushandiswa vane mwero vakasununguka zvirongwa, havagoni kuziva utachiona, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange kupa yenhema akanaka. Naizvozvo, danda kushandisa inotakurika zvishandiso se "Doctor Web" (zvikurukuru, Dr. Web CureIt!) Kana zvigadzirwa "Kaspersky Lab". Zvisinei, nhasi unogona kuwana zvakawanda zvokushandisa ichi mhando.

macro nemavhairasi

Pamberi pedu ndiye mumwe-siyana nokutyisidzira. The zita rinobva pashoko "makro", kureva chinhu executable applet, kana kuti wedzera kushandiswa mune dzimwe vapepeti. Hazvishamisi kuti kushanda utachiwana kunoitika pakutanga chirongwa (Shoko, Excel, uye zvichingodaro. D.), The kuzarurwa imwe hofisi gwaro, kuadhinda, dana Muterere zvinhu, uye zvichingodaro. N.

Kutyisidzira kwakadaro muchimiro ezvinhu macro zvakachengeterwa mundangariro yose nguva kumhanya mupepeti. Asi vose, kana tikafunga mubvunzo sei kubvisa pakati nemavhairasi kwakadai, mushonga uri nyore. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvinobatsira kunyange zvatinosiita Disable Add-Ons kana macro vari mupepeti, uyewo activation kuti antivirus unodzivirira applets, tisingatauri zvatinosiita nokukurumidza Ongororo antivirus package hurongwa.

Nemavhairasi pahwaro "namano" Michina

Chitarisa yakazonyorwa nemavhairasi, hazvishamisi kuti vakanwisa zita ravo kubva namano ndege.

Musimboti kushanda kwavo ine chaiyo iri pakuti vanozviratidza kuva chinoumba maitiro uye kuona dzimwe nguva kwakajairika nzira dzavo kunogona kuva kwakaoma zvakakwana. Pakati kutyisidzira izvi zvinogona kuwanikwa uye makro nemavhairasi, uye vene ngozi, uye Dos-wanda. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kune Windows namano nemavhairasi vasina asi yakatanga, kunyange zvazvo nyanzvi dzakawanda nharo kuti zviri chete nyaya nguva.

faira mhando

Kazhinji, nemavhairasi zvose zvinogona kunzi faira, nokuti zvimwe kukanganisa faira maitiro uye kuita mafaira, kana yekutapurira navo amene bumbiro rayo, kana encrypting, kana kuita dzisingambosvikiki nokuda uori kana deletion.

The nyore muenzaniso ano coders nemavhairasi (zvikwevaropa), uye mukurumbira wakashata I Love You. Ivo zvibereko Anti-utachiwana hachisi chinhu kuti kwakaoma pasina chinokosha rasshifrovochnyh makiyi, uye kazhinji hazvibviri kuita. Kunyange vaitungamirira Developers ose Anti-utachiona Software kuita chinhu shrug, nokuti kusiyana nhasi AES256 encryption hurongwa, ipapo vaishandisa AES1024 michina. Unonzwisisa kuti inopangidza anogona kutora anopfuura gumi, kunobva uwandu zvichibvira anokosha mubatanidzwa.

polymorphic vanotyisidzirwa

Pakupedzisira, mumwe siyana kutyisidzira, izvo kushandisa chinonakidza kuti polymorphism. Chii? Chokwadi chokuti nemavhairasi vari dzichichinja pachako bumbiro rako, uye izvi zvinoitwa nokuda vanonzi zvinoyangarara kiyi.

Mune mamwe mazwi, masiki kuziva ngozi hazvibviri, sezvo, sezvinoonekwa, dzinosiyana kwete chete nokuda muenzaniso kwayo inobva code, asi chinoita kuti decoding. polymorphic inokosha decoders (transcribers) anoshandiswa kukurira matambudziko akadaro. Zvisinei, sezvo tsika zvinoratidzwa, vanokwanisa decipher chete chinonyanya nyore wanda. Yakagozha algorithms, zvinosuwisa, kazhinji, rova yavo havagoni kuva. Tinofanira zvakare kutaura kuti shanduko utachiwana remitemo iri pamwe pakusikwa makopi yavo akaderedza urefu, izvo zvingasiyana kubva chepakutanga kunokosha chaizvo.

How kukurira mugari kutyisidzira

Pakupedzisira, tava kuenda nyaya rokurwisa mugari nemavhairasi uye kudzivirira kombiyuta enyika chero kunzwisisa. Nyore nzira patronage anogona kunzi kugadzwa wenguva yakazara Anti-utachiona pasuru, ndizvo chete kushandiswa zvakanaka kwete software yepachena, asi kanenge shareware (kutongwa) shanduro kubva Developers akadai "Doctor Web", "Kaspersky Anti-Virus", iro ESET NOD32 uye Smart Security mhando chirongwa, kana mushandisi ari kuramba kushanda pamwe Internet.

Zvisinei, muchiitiko ichi, hapana angati kubva ngozi asingadi kupinda kuti kombiyuta. Kana zvakadaro, izvi zvaitika, vanofanira kutanga kushandisa inotakurika scanners, uye zviri nani kushandisa dhisiki utilities Rescue disk. Vanogona kushandiswa vene chirongwa inowanikwa uye kushanda pakuvheneka pamberi kutanga huru uchishandisa maitiro (nemavhairasi anogona kusika uye kuchengeta makopi dzavo munyika, uye kunyange-ndangariro).

Uye zvakare, haisi varumbidzwa kushandisa Software kufanana SpyHunter, uye papera kubva pasuru wayo kuyeuka zvinoriumba kubvisa ari uninitiated User yaizova matambudziko. Uye, chokwadi, regai chete Kudzima utachiona mafaira kana kuedza Format yakaoma tikachirega. Nani kusiya kurapwa nemazvo Anti-utachiwana zvigadzirwa.

mhedziso

Zvazvinosarira kuwedzera kuti apa vaiona chete zvinhu zvikuru chokuita mugari nemavhairasi uye nzira kurwisa navo. Pashure pezvose, kana tikatarisa kombiyuta kutyisidzira, saka kutaura, munyika yose mupfungwa, ose zuva pane vazhinji vavo, ivo Developers mishonga havambokwanisi nguva kukwira nayo nzira itsva yokubata nematambudziko akadaro.