Monoclonal antibodies. Chii icho uye chii chavari?

Antibodies (immunoglobulins) inonzi Y-mawomu mapuroteni. Vanotora chikamu mukutora uye kuwedzerwa kwezvinhu zvekunze (antigens) kubva mumuviri. Kubudiswa kwezvirwisana kunogadzirwa nehurumende yezvirwere mumuviri mukupindura kupindira kweanorgen. Imwe magununoglobulin inokwanisa kuziva nekukurukura kune imwe nyika yakasiyana.

Nemhaka yekuti zvirwere zvinopararira kuburikidza nehutachiona hwemhepo, chikamu chimwe chemuviri chinowanikwa kwavari. Kusungirirwa kwema immunoglobulin kune an antigen kunogona kudzivirira kusimbiswa kwematambudziko anokonzera chirwere, kana kutungamirira kuparadzwa kwechimwe chinhu chekunze.

Izvo zvirwere zvekudzivirira zvirwere zvechirwere kune chero ani zvake, kunyange iyo yakajeka, kunze kwenyika inonzi ipolyclonal. Mune mamwe mazwi, maitiro ezvirwere zvezvirwere zvinokonzera zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvema immunoglobulin kurwisana nemaantigens akasiyana.

Monoclonal antibodies i clone masero. Pamusoro peimwe sero yakadaro, chinangwa (chinangwa) ndeche antigen, kuitira kuti tione uye tiisunge, imwe immunoglobulin, progenitor cell, yakagadzirirwa muzvirwere zvemuviri.

Mukurapa, zvigunwe zve monoclonal zvakagadzirirwa mu laboratori, panzvimbo yezvirwere zvekudzivirira muviri, zvinoshandiswa. Apo pavanopinda mumuviri, kushandiswa kwekuita kwezvimwe zvikamu zvehutano hwekudzivirira hunotangwa kuparadza maantigenji chaiwo. Saka, semuenzaniso, mishonga inoshandiswa ne monoclonal inowanikwa mumutumbi kunopedza kenza.

Majekiseni ekutanga e-clone, ayo akaumbwa pasi pematambudziko e laboratori, akabatanidzwa zvachose nemapuroteni emagunha. Izvi zvakatsamwisa dambudziko guru. Ichokwadi ndechokuti iyi "hove" inonzi monoclonal antibodies masimba evanhu anoonekwa seantigens - kune dzimwe nyika, uye naizvozvo yakagadziriswa kupikisana navo. Izvi hazvina kungoreva kukurudzirwa kwemuviri wezvirwere zvemuviri. Nzira yekudzivirira mumuviri yakatanga kuparadza mishonga inonzi monoclonal vasati vamubatsire.

Mushure mechinguva, zvimwe zvikamu zveganda mapuroteni masero akatanga kuchinjwa nemapuroteni evanhu, anonzi "chimeric". Nekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwezvikamu zvehutachiona hwevanhu, ivo (inogadzirwa) inonzi "humanized monoclonal antibodies".

Kugadzirira rine zvinhu izvi kunonzi inorapwa. Mune mamwe mazwi, zvinodhaka zvinodanwa kuti zviite zvakananga pamasero anokonzera kukura kwezvirwere zvehutano. Iyi inowanzova nzira inobatsira kupfuura tsika dzemazuva ekurapa. Mukuwedzera, mazhinji emishonga inowanzoitirwa kurapwa, semuenzaniso, multiple sclerosis, kenza, rheumatoid arthritis nezvimwe zvirwere, zvinokonzera uye zvinokonzerwa pamatareji ose anobvumirwa kutungamirirwa kune murwere.

Pakati pemishonga inonyanya kuzivikanwa yezvinyorwa zveMonoclonal, inotaura kuti inofanira kuitwa nemishonga yakadai seMabThera, Rituxan (yakashandiswa kwete yeHodgkin's lymphoma), Herceptin (yakashandiswa nekenza yemvere).

Pamusoro pekombiyuta yekugadzira mishonga inonzi monoclonal antibodies, mushonga une tariro yakawanda. Zvisinei, pane zvimwe zvisingakwanisi. Nokudaro, immunoglobulin inogadzirwa yakakura zvikuru. Izvi hazvivabvumi kuti vapinde mukati-kati mumatumbu kana mukati memusero. Hazvifananidzi pamuromo (muromo) kushandiswa. Mukuwedzera, kuti uwane zvinodiwa, huwandu hwezvirwere izvi hunofanirwa kupfurikidza nechimwe chezvikamu zvishanu kusvika gumi zvemazana nguva yekufungidzirwa kweantigens. Izvo zvakagadziriswa zvekudzivirira ma immunoglobulin zvinongowanikwa pamasikirini emasero, izvo zvinozoita kuti michina yavo inodhura.