Minerals ye Irkutsk region: goridhe, marasha, iron ore. Ndarama yepaIndaneti Gwaro reSukhoi. Slyudyanskoye mari ye marble

Nhasi tichataura nezvemaminera eIrkutsk. Ngationgororei mahomwe makuru, uye taurawo kuti ndima yacho yakafuma sei zvachose. Kutanga, tichazoziva chikamu ichi cheRussia pedyo.

Irkutsk region

Vagari venharaunda iyi muna 2016 vaiva vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni maviri. Zvakakoshawo kuti coefficient yemasikirwo uye kukura kwekufamba kune yakaipa. Kana zviri zveupfumi, inofanira kunzi kuti nzvimbo ye Irkutsk ine nzvimbo inotungamira munzvimbo yeTrans-Ural. Vagari vanogara zvikurukuru nekuda kwekutengesa kushanda kwemabasa. Imhizha yacho inobva pane zvisiri zvemasteri, mapurpa uye mapepa, matanda, uye mashizha emhizha, injini yekugadzira, uye magetsi. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti nzvimbo ye Irkutsk inharaunda ine huwandu hwehupfumi hwehupfumi. Ngarava yeTrans-Siberia ndiyo inotakura hutakiti yeruwa. Nzvimbo inokosha inobatwa nekutakura mumugwagwa. Sezvo nzvimbo ino yakazara munzizi, kutakura mvura kwakagadzirisa zvikuru. Uyewo, kutaurirana kwemhepo kwakanyatsogadzirwa.

Mineral resources

Nharaunda yenharaunda yacho inotora chikamu chekumaodzanyemba kweCentral Siberian plateau. Hezvino maBaikal nePammorye, nzvimbo dzePatom neStanovoye. Muchikamu chekumaodzanyemba-kumavirira kune makomo emakomo eEastern Sayan. Nharaunda yenharaunda yacho inotorwawo neLake Baikal.

Minerals ye Irkutsk nzvimbo inomiririrwa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana. Inobereka mafuta, mazimbe, gasi chaiwo, goridhe, iron ore, rock salt, yakaoma uye yakawanda marasha, ivhu, gypsum, kaolin, mica. Coal munharaunda ye Irkutsk yakabudiswa kubva pamitatu mikuru, iyo yatinotaura pasi apa. Panguva imwecheteyo, indasitiri yekumigodhi inobata 11% chete yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwemabhizimisi enyika. Muchigadzirwa chemabhizimisi mamwechete, nzvimbo huru inogoverwa kuva nhumbi dzinoshandiswa:

• Ndarama iri mu Irkutsk inotora 47%;
• Makare - 28%;
• Iron ore (18%).

Iko kushandiswa kwemafuta kunonzi 2.6 mabhiriyoni matani. Iron ore munharaunda ye Irkutsk inomiririrwa nemabhadharo asingakoshi. Zvinyorwa zvePoymenno-Cheremshansky, Pribaikalsky neIrkutsk zvinomiririrwa nemari yemari. Vazhinji vavo vanogodzwa muMugun, Azey naCheremkhovo vanoisa muhari ye Irkutsk.

General Characteristics

Geography yenharaunda yeIrkutsk inokubvumira kubvisa zvicherwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Inokosha marble emhando dzakasiyana. Munharaunda yeIrkutsk iwe unogona kuiwana inenge inenge chero ruvara. Pamberi pema mica yarega kuita basa rinokosha mundima yeSlyudyanskoye, yaiva marble yakatora nzvimbo yayo. Irkutsk marble yakasangana nemadziro eMetro Novosibirsk, pamwe chete nechiteshi chemasitiriti cheKharkov pasi pezita rokuti "Proletarskaya" uye nechiteshi chemasitiriti "Ulitsa 1905 goda" uye "Barrikadnaya".

Nhasi, marble yemarestone yakawanda inoshandiswa. Zviwanire munharaunda ye Irkutsk nzvimbo Open Society "Career Pass".

Izvo zvinoshandiswawo zvishandiswa zviya munharaunda ino: refractory clays uye phosphates. Makiromita matatu chete kubva kuguta kune dhipiti ye apatite. Maererano nekufanotaurwa, kune mamiriyoni makumi matatu emamirioni. Izvi zvinogona kuva chikonzero chakanakisisa chekugadzira phosphate fertilizer. Kusvika iye zvino, rinoreva nzvimbo yakachengetedzwa uye iri munzvimbo yekudzivirira mvura.

Paine 4 km kubva kuSlyudyanka kune pfuma yakawanda yekunyengedza ivhu. Yakavhurwa chete pakutanga kwezana remakore rapfuura, apo kuvakwa kwechitima che Circum-Baikal chakatanga . Pamberi pekuvandudzwa, ivhu raibvongodzwa pano kuti riite zvidhinha zvisiri izvo, asi muna 1927 mari yacho yakavharwa.

Dry Log

Iko mari yacho ndiyo yakakura zvikuru maererano nehutori hwegoridhe muRussia. Hazvina kutendwa, asi zvinongodaro zvinodarika 28% yezvese zvekuchengetedzwa kwemafuro muRussia. Kuongororwa kwechangobva kuitika kweDry Log yakagadzirwa (munguva yechando 2016) uye yakawanikwa kuti nzvimbo dzekuchengetedzwa kwenzvimbo dzinofungidzirwa pa 1.53 mamiriyoni esirivha uye 2.7 zviuru zvitanhatu zvegoridhe. Asi heino matambudziko avo. Saka, nzvimbo dzakakura dzinopesana nehukuru hwechiratidzo chepasi chezvakanyorwa zvegoridhe mumutambo. Iri ndiro dambudziko guru uye rakakomba mukuvandudzwa kwendima kwenguva yakareba. Kunyanya ichangopfuura, munguva yechando muna 2017, Sukhoi Log yakatumirwa kuS SL Gold yekugadzirwa.

Iwe unogona kuwana dhipiti pa Lena Lena ore (nzvimbo yepakati). Nharaunda kubva kune iyo kuenda kunharaunda yepakati ndiyo 850 km. Chifambisi chechitima chiri pedyo chiri Taksimo.

Yakazarura Dry Log yaiva muna 1961. Pasi panguva ino, ndima yose yakanga ichinyatsoongorora. Masangano akawanda (TsNIGRI, VNIIHT, MISiS, nezvimwewo) vakaita mabasa ekutsvakurudza kuitira kuti vatsvake ore. Pakutanga kwezhizha ra1986, chikwata chose chezvidzidzo zvakaitwa pakugadzirira kwekutsvakurudza. Muna 2007-2008 kuzodzokorora kwakadzika kwezvigadziro kwakaitwa, zvibereko zvataitaura pamusoro apa. Mukutanga kwema1990, chireisheni chakapiwa kuna Lenzoloto.

Geological characteristics

Ndarama yegoridhe inowanikwa nekuiswa kwe carbonates uye sulphide. Dhipatimendi pachayo, zvichienderana nehukuru, nzvimbo uye mamiriro ezvinhu ezvakaitika ores, yakakamurwa kuva zvikamu zvina: Central, Sukholozhsky, North-Western neWestern. Upfumi hwekupedzisira huri husati huchidzidzwa, sezvo huri kungotanga kuve hwakanaka. Nharaunda yeSukholozhsky ndiyo yakaisvonaka pane imwe, inenge inenge 88% yezvizvarwa zvose.

Uturu hwemuviri wehore hunotanga kubva mamiriyoni 15. Unomiririrwa nemarara akaoma. Hapana mitsara yepanyama uye chero ipi zvayo inopinda kumusoro kwemuviri wenyama. Kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzedombo dzakatakura goridhe. Mafuta emakemikari akasiyana haasi akasiyana kubva kumatombo akapoteredza.

Muna 2006-2007, chidzidzo che laboratori chakaitwa nekushandiswa kwephotometric. Chinangwa chacho chaiva chokudzokororazve zvinyorwa, zvakataurwa pamusoro apa. Chigumisiro chikuru chekudzidza ndechekuti pre-enrichment teknolojia yakarongedzwa. Izvi, zvakare, inovandudza unhu hwechibereko kakawanda.

Slyudyanskoye munda

Slyudyanskoye marble deposit iri pedyo nechekumaodzanyemba kweLake Baikal. Inobata kumativi ekuchamhembe kweKamar-Daban Ridge. Maererano nehutano hwehutungamiri, munda weSlyudyanskoe uri munharaunda yeIrkutsk mudunhu reSlyudyansky. Nhoroondo yenzvimbo ino inodzokera kumashure kwezana remakore rechi18. Zvidzidzo zvekutanga zvakaitwa nevasayendisiti pamusoro pehupfumi hwemapurisa eSlyudyanka zvakatanga muna 1832. Dzimba nhatu dzakasiyana-siyana dzakagadzirwa: Mesozoic, Paleozoic, uye Archaean. Sezvo basalts ine utera husina kusimba, nzvimbo yacho yakafuma zvikuru mumatombo eIndangariro ye Precambrian. Iyo mari inowanikwa mu phlogopite, lapis lazuli, granite pegmatites. Iyo pfuma yakawanda yedhipatimendi ndiyo marble. Inobata 61% yenharaunda yacho.

Minerals muIrkutsk munharaunda yakaoma kufungidzira kunze kwe "natural mineralogical museum". Iri ndiro zita rangu rakambotaurwa. Mukurumbira wakadaro wakaunzwa kwaari neiyo inowanikwa yemakristasi anoshamisa maumbirwo uye ukuru. Zvimwe zvakasiyana-siyana zvemararamiro emaminera kubva munzvimbo ino vane mazita avo pachavo.

Chii chinoshamisa pamusoro peaiti?

Mineralogists uye petrographers havana nzvimbo iri nani kupfuura yeSlyudyanskoye deposit. Nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzezvikomo dziri pedyo neBaikal dzinoita maonero akanaka. Mvura yakadzika uye gorges ine kupikisa kwakasimba munzvimbo yakakwirira inogadzira nzvimbo yakanakisisa yezvinhu zvakasikwa zvakadai semasplides, mudflows, kupera kwemvura, kupera kwemvura, mazaya echando uye mabwe avalanche.

Kudzoka muna 1935 tarenda mineralogist P. Kalinin akagadzira mushumo wekutanga kune minerals yeSlyudanka. Kusvikira nanhasi inoramba iri yega uye inonyatsotsanangurwa. Tsanangudzo yebasa iri inogona kuwanika mune dzakawanda zveRussia uye zvekunze zvinyorwa.

Mumakore makumi mashanu emazana ekupedzisira kwekuvandudzwa kwema marble "Pereval" paSlyudanka yakaitika. Kusvikira nhasi, chivako chinoshandiswa imomo chinoramba chichigadzirwa chikuru chezvinhu zvakagadziriswa zvekusimudzirwa kwemasenti.

Malobystrinskoye inoshandiswa pamapuris lazuli

Ikopa yacho yakave nezita rayo, sezvo iri pedo neRwizi rweMalaya Bystraya, iyo inowanikwa neInckut. Zuva rakazaruka zuva ra1851, uye muwani G. Permikin. Dhipiti ine mazai maviri-ane "mitsetse". Izvo zvinosanganisira mazhenje akavharidzirwa zvakanyanya, pane zvisikwa zveapis lazuli zviripo. Lazurite-inobereka calciphyre inosvika 140 m murefu.Lazurite mineralization inoratidzwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana:

• Kuparadzirwa kusina basa kwemafuro emarombo mumatombo;
• Mucheka nemakumbo echizungu mugranites;
• Nodules uye matendere mune saratani-carbonate membrane.

Matambudziko enyika

Pasinei nokuti chokwadi chakakosha chekufambira mberi kwenharaunda yacho yakakwirira, kune matambudziko makuru. Mukutanga ivo vane hanya zvikuru nehuwandu uye nguva yehupenyu hwehuwandu hwevanhu. Zvisinei, kwemakore gumi nemashanu anotevera, yakarongwa kukunda dambudziko kuburikidza nekukudziridza uye kubudirira kweKovykta gas condensate field, iyo inofanira kusimudzira hupfumi kune imwe nhanho itsva. Munharaunda kune matambudziko makuru ezvakatipoteredza, izvo zvinobatanidzwa nekusvibiswa pamusoro pekupedzisira kwekambani yakagadzirwa. Usazvidza matambudziko ezvakatipoteredza eLake Baikal.

Kunyora muchidimbu nyaya yacho, ndinoda kutaura kuti minerals ye Irkutsk nzvimbo yakasiyana chaizvo. Pasinei nekuti nzvimbo yacho iri kure nekukwirira kwekukura kwayo kwezvemari, ine simba guru rekusimudzira. Zvisinei, kutarisa kwakanyanya kunofanira kubhadharwa kumamiriro ezvinhu ezvezvakatipoteredza, izvo zvinoshungurudza zvikuru munharaunda.