Mhando date uye nzira kugadzira kwavo

Tarisa iwe; zvose kuti tichigara - ndiwo muviri, kana munda. We munotoziva kuti chokutanga chiri kugara nokuchinja, kufamba. pezvakaitwa zvose izvi chamutsa simba, iyo nguva dzose anobva fomu mumwe. Somugumisiro simba unobereka chiratidzo. Pachishandiswa zvataurwa, tinogona kutaura chokwadi kuti chero anonongedzera zvikurukuru mune zvokunyama hunhu.

Kana chiratidzo interacts pamwe muviri, uye vakanyorwa, mutoo nenzira yakasiyana inogona kududzirwa sezvinotevera: nekuve Data zvinonyorwa nomuviri. Chii tine pakupedzisira? Tsanangudzo mazwi aya. Hazvinei kuti mashoko mhando ndiyo, ivo vakanyorwa anonongedzera.

Operations pamusoro date

Isu kare akataura chokwadi kuti mashoko anogona kuchinjwa kuva zvakasiyana siyana, izvi anonzi mashoko, apo zvinoda nzvimbo kuburikidza nzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Asi usati kuzoumba dzinokosha mhando data, unofanira kuziva kuti anosanganisira siyana remapazi, akadai:

• Collection.
• Formatting.
• Mupise.
• Kufambira.
• Archiving.
• Conversion.
• Protection.
• Transportation.

Zvino peya mitsara neimwe oparesheni. Ose mashoko pakutanga akaunganidzawo unobvumira kuunganidza mashoko zvakafanira kuti chisarudzo. Achitaura pamusoro formatting, inosanganisira kutendeuka pakubhadhara anoverengeka kuuya Data kune imwe pfungwa, izvi zvinoita nyore. Sezvo zviri nyore kufungidzira kuti mupise basa inopa pasi dropout ruzivo. By kufambira arayira kunzwisisa chinangwa zvimunakire. Archiving unokubvumira kuponesa yakawanda mashoko pasina kumutsa chinokosha zvoupfumi mutengo. ruzivo All ruripo chimiro. Kutendeuka - muitiro rokutendeutsa mashoko imwe mhando kune mumwe. Protection kunobatsira kudzivirira kurasikirwa, uye ari siyana yose zviyero. Transportation anogona kuparadzira zvakafanira mashoko pakati kure nzvimbo.

Information kupatsanura nezvezvikwata uye mhando

Chaizvoizvo zvose mhando chikuru Data vari mapoka mapoka zvakarurama guru maviri:

• Variables.
• Constant.

Chokwadi mune masvomhu, tinoziva kukosha mhando iyi mashoko. Chokutanga chero ruzivo kuti uderedze kuchinja. The constants ndiwo chete Data kuti handishanduki, havana zvachose.

Uyewo, mashoko yakakamurwa marudzi aya:

• Numbers.
• Text.
• Multimedia.

Ekupedzisira anosanganisira nemashoko muchimiro inzwi, Graphics nezvimwe zviratidzo. Unobva chokwadi anoreva chero mhando ruzivo, rakakamurwa uye mhando:

• Byte.
• Numeric.
• Date uye nguva.
• Kukurukurwa ruzivo.
• Chinhu.

Coding. binary remitemo

Saka, isu akatarira dzinokosha mhando nyore mashoko mhando dzakanyorwa, akazivisa chikuru oparesheni, izvo zvinogona kushandiswa. Zvino tikatarisa nzira imwe Coding. Ngationei kuti dzimwe mhando mashoko inogona dzikwanise binary romutemo. Chokutanga patichanzwisisa kuti binary remitemo. Ngatiendei!

Sezvo unogona fembera, nzira iyi inobatsira kuchinja mashoko, ndiko, kuti nacho muchimiro bumbiro. Nei anonzi binary? Chokwadi chokuti wakadaro bumbiro anogona ane mbiri chete digits - 0 uye 1, vari uwandu hwakasiyana-siyana.

Takatodzidza kutaurwa kuti mashoko anogona kuva mhando dzakasiyana, uye kuti michina yacho vakapinda Data kuti dzikwanise chete chimiro. binary yeEncoding chidobi inoshandiswa kadambari. Saka mumwe binary digit (0 kana 1) inomirira imwe wedzeredzei.

Zviri nyore kuti Masvomhu dzedu: kushandisa 2 matomu anogona kunyorwa pfungwa mana chete,-digit matatu - masere, zvichingodaro. Pane rinokosha inonyatsoita unokubvumira haana kunyora nzira mumusoro mangu, sezvazvakaita chaizvo unoparadza nguva-basa, uye dzimwe nguva kunyange hazviiti. Zvinoita seizvi: N = 2 ^ m. In yemaitiro ichi, pane variables maviri: N - iri nhamba zvichibvira anofambidzana, uye M - Nhamba matomu, kureva, vangani digits binary tinoshandisa.

date mamiriro

Sezvo tichiziva kubva pane zvakaitika, chero Data nyore kushanda kana vari systematized. Unogona kusarudza nzira shoma rokuronga ruzivo, kuti ndizvo, marudzi zvivako:

• Linear.
• Tabular.
• Hierarchical.

Apo tinoedza kuronga data, tiri nematambudziko maviri makuru: sei kuti zviparadzanise ruzivo uye sei kuwana zvatinoda.

Zvino, vaviri mitsetse pamusoro neimwe mhando zvivako. First pane yatakanyora pasi chinhu Linear uye anotora nzvimbo ino nokuda kwechikonzero. It ndicho, tose tinoziva zvawanyora, apo kupinda neimwe ine chaizvo nhamba yayo.

Next ane tabular chimiro. Sei pane kuwana zvakanaka mashoko? Sero rimwe nerimwe rine kero kuti ine zvinhu zviviri (tsamba, nhamba, kana mubatanidzwa kwayo). Cherechedza kuti tafura vangava zviviri kana multidimensional. Vose rokutanga uye rechipiri mhando mamiriro zviri nyore kushandisa: zvose zvaunoda - ndiko kuziva code for achida mashoko. Zvisinei, pane zvinetso wakaumbwa change. Kana iwe anyorewo kana tafura maatomu akafanana, panodikanwa kuti kuchinja Codes nemasero zvose.

Hierarchical mamiriro rinoshandiswa kana mhando mbiri yokutanga hazvigoni kushandiswa. Asi ane chimiro chakadaro zviri nyore kushanda, inogona nyore kugadziriswa kana vaisanganisa.

chengetedzo zvidzidzo

Kuchengetera date uchishandisa zvinotevera kwazvo: Bits, bytes (i.e. 8 matomu), kilobytes (1024 bytes), megabytes (1,024 Kbytes) gigabytes (1024 MB) uye terabytes (1024 GB). Ndinogona kumira ikoko, sezvo hapasisina kudiwa.