Mazita echiFrench: mazita, nhoroondo uye zvinhu zvinonakidza

MuFrance, kutaridzika kwemazita ekuremekedza kwakanyorwa kubva muzana remakore rechi12. Kuti vazvigadzire, vakashandisa nzvimbo dzokuberekerwa, mabasa, uye nicknamames. Vakuru vakashandisa chirevo chekutanga pamberi pezita rezita. Maererano nemurairo weumambo we1539, kuvapo kwemazita ekutambira kwakave kushanda kune vose. Zita uye zita rechizvarwa chechecheche zvino rave rakanyorwa zvakanyatsonaka mumabhuku eparamende echechi. Zvakanga zvarambidzwa kushandura zita roga roga remhuri nekuraira kweumambo. Uye mazita echiFrench ndeapi? Nyaya, zvinonakidza uye nhoroondo zvinopiwa pasi apa.

Etymology yezita rechiFrench

Mazita akawanda echiFrench (mazita avo akakura kwazvo, tichapa vaviri chete) kubva kumadume mazita: Michel, Simon, Robert. Muzviitiko zvisingawanzoitiki kubva kuvakadzi: Blanche, Rose, Berthe.

Zita rakajairika zvikuru kubva kune zita renzvimbo iyo munhu akaberekerwa: Lenormand (Norman), Parisy (kubva pashoko rokuti Paris - Paris), Lyonnais (lyonetz)
Panzvimbo yeimba: Dupont (bhuti - bhiriji), Dubois (matanda - musango), Fontaine (tsime). Kubva mazita emabasa: Peugeot (resin mutengesi), Mitterand (wegher weigher), Boucher (mutsva). Kubva pamazita ekuremekedza: Leroux (mutsvuku), Bonnet (kapu), Mauduit (anorwara). Sezvaunogona kuona, mazita mazhinji echiFrench, mazita atakambotaura pamusoro apa, zvinoreva kuti hazvina kunaka.

Mafomu emazita echiFrench

Mamwe mazita emadhora eFrench, mazita ayo akazara kwazvo, aiva nevakadzi nevakadzi. Asi mazita ekuremekedza mazuva ano ndiyo chete mafomu evarume nevakadzi. Ndicho chikonzero mazita echiFrench evasikana nevarume akafanana.

Nezvikamu zvemhuri yeFrance, unogona kuziva pane munhu akaberekwa. Mazita ekutanga anonzi Le- (La-, Les-), uye De-, Du-, Del-, Dela-, Des-, anozivikanwa neNormandy neNorthern France. Chigunwe-chinoratidza kuti munhu anobva kuBurgundy kana Lorraine. Nhaurwa -eau, -uc, -i inoratidza kuti munhu akaberekerwa muWest France.

Zvinonakidza kuti miviri miviri inogona kuumbwa kubva kune imwe yezita, iyo inoratidza mutsauko mumutauro wekumusoro kweFrance - langue d'oïl, kubva mumutauro weProvencal - langue d'oc. Zita rekumusoro kweBois, Chaussée, Roy rinoenderana nechekumaodzanyemba kweBosc, Caussade, Rey.

Hasi nguva dzose "toponymic" shell yezita racho rinoratidza apo munhu wacho akaberekwa. Charles de Gaulle aive akazvikudza zvikuru nokuti zita rake rezita rezita rakashandura nezita rekare reFrance - la Gaule. Akanga agutsikana kubvira achiri mwana kuti aizotanga kuita zvinhu zvikuru kuFrance. Asi zita rinonzi Gaulle Flemish, uye muchiFlemish zvinonzwika Van de Walle, zvinoreva kuti "kugara muimba yakasimba."

Change of surname

Maererano neR Royal Decree ye1539, zita racho raizotora nhaka. Mwana wacho aisungirwa kupfeka zita remhuri zita rababa vake. Zita raamai rakagoverwa kumwana chete kana chiitiko icho baba vakanga vasingazivikanwi.

Mikana yekugadzirisa zita iri ichiripo. Sokutonga, chikonzero chayo ndechezita risina kufanira. MuMiddle Ages, zita rezita rinogona kunge rakasiyana zvachose. Mazuva ano muFrance, vabereki vanozvisarudzira ivo, zita rababa kana kuti raamai ravanoita richapfekwa nemwana.

Panewo nyaya yakajeka yekuchinja kwezita munguva yeFrance Revolution. Muchikwata chemuzinda wekupinduka pane imwe nzvimbo de de Saint-Cyr, de Saint-Syr. Akabvunzwa sachigaro nezvezita rake, akapindura kuti aiva de Saint-Cyr. "Hatina hukama," sachigaro akaramba. Particle "de" yakanga yakasiyana nemazita ekuremekedza. "Zvino ini ndiri muSaint-Cyr," mutongi haana kukanganiswa musoro. "Hatina vatsvene vakawanda," sachigaro akaenderera mberi. "Ipapo ini ndiri Sire," akadaro mumiririri. "Hapanazve mambo uye mazita emadzimambo," sachigaro akaenderera mberi. Murevereri akaratidza kuva munhu anonyanya kuchenjera. Akataura kuti haagoni kutongwa kana asina zita rekupedzisira. Dare rakamuwana asina mhosva uye akamurayira kuti asarudze zita reRubublic.

Chokwadi

Kufanana nemafungiro ose muFrench, mazita acho anonyanya kusimbiswa pakuguma kweshoko. MuFrance yanhasi, pane mazita 250 000. Zita rakakurumbira ndiMartin. Izvo zvinonyanya kukosha, kutakura huwandu hwemagariro evanhu, mazita maviri - Dupont uye Duchateau. Dupont (bhuti - bhiriji) - zita rezita rakadaridzirwa, rinomiririra wevorudzi rweFrance. Duchateau (chateau - castle) - zita rezita, rinomiririra mutauro wechiFrench akafuma. Chimwe chikamu chezvinyorwa zveFrench ndezvokuti kana achitaura musikana kuwedzera mademoiselle, kumukadzi akaroorwa kana chirikadzi madame, uye kune murume - monsieur. Ichi bedzi, uye chinoparadzanisa pakati pevarume nevakadzi vechiFrench mazita, avo mazita atatotaura kare.

Kushandurwa kwemazita echiFrench

Kusvika iye zvino, kutora kwakakodzera mazita emamwe mazita uye mazita ekunyoresa kunoda kubatana, sekushandurwa kwevakawanda vasingagoni kuverenga nekunyora. Somugumisiro, muitiro mumwe chete mune shanduro dzakasiyana-siyana ane zvingasarudzwa zvekunyora zita rake. Mazita echiFrench anoshandurirwa muchiRussia maererano nemitemo yekuverenga French. Asi dambudziko nderokuti hazvisi zvese zvinoridzirwa zveFrance zvinowanikwa muRussia. Nokudaro, kuwirirana kwakadaro kwemashoko e--in, -a, -a, -a, -a, -a, -a, etc., kureva, manzwi ose emusasa, muchiRussia kushandurwa kunowana inzwi re "n": -nokuti, - En, -an, -an, -on, -en, -en. Inzwi [ǝ] uye [œ], yakafanana nezwi ё muzwi rokuti "vakafa", rinoparidzirwa kuRussia se "e" pakutanga kana pakati pezwi. Pakuguma kweshoko kunogona kuva kaviri spelling: Villedieu - Vildieu, Montesquieu - Montesquieu.

Kuti urege kugumbura manzwiro evanhu, zvinokosha kuti utaure zvakarurama mazita echiFrench. Nyaya yeRussia ingadai iri pfungwa yakanaka kwazvo, asi kusvikira zvino hapana runyora rumwe chete.