Material kunwa pa 1 m3 nekongiri, ari optimum zvinoenderana kukarukureta zvinhu uye vanorumbidza

Panguva kuvakwa upi sandara, kubva skyscraper kunyika imba, haigoni kuita pasina kongiri. Izvi zvinhu rinoshandiswa kuzadza nheyo, erection masvingo ari monolithic pakuvaka, mudziyo mapuriro uye screeds mune brickwork nezvimwe ibwe chokunyepera. Preparation of kongiri zvakarurama maererano, kwete chete kunopa mukurumari uye simba zvivako, asiwo ichengetedzwe zvinhu mari.

The Zvinoumba kongiri

In nyore zvazvingava, kongiri chinosanganisira zvitatu zvinoti:

• Bhainda.
• Filler.
• Water.

Material kunwa pa 1 m3 nekongiri kunobva ehupfumi aya zvinhu. Sezvo bhainda zvaishandiswa pakugadzira musanganiswa cements anotarazve M100-M600 simba. Kana yakavhenganiswa nemvura, anoumba vakawanda viscous riri kuumbwa panguva solidification pakati hazvizivi ibwe. In basa filler jecha rinoshandiswa kana dzakasiyana marudzi mavhu. Izvi zvinowedzera simba nechando mhinduro, sezvo kumusoro mavhu simba simende simba. Uyezve, kushandisa filler kunoderedza shrinkage yacho samende nezvakasanganiswa.

Kunze huru zvinoriumba, muna chesamende nziyo zvinosanganisira yokuvirisa siyana, achipa mhinduro yakawedzerwa zvivako: inotonhora nemishonga, mvura nemishonga, ruvara uye nezvimwewo.

The aida zvinhu zvinodyiwa pa 1m3 kongiri - mavhu, simende, jecha - akatsunga kubva kuita zvinodiwa musanganiswa.

The chikuru unhu kongiri

Anokosha chinoratidza kongiri - simba raro compressive. Zvichienderana dzayo simba kirasi. tsamba runotaurwa Chirungu "B" uye sezviverengo chaienzanirana mharidzo iri MPa simba. Kugadzira kongiri zvidzidzo V3,5 kusvika B80, mu mapurani kupfuura zvinoshanda kugadzirisa B15 - B30. Kuwedzera makirasi, kuratidza simba zvizivikanwe anogona kushandiswa. Runotaurwa tsamba Latin "M" uye nhamba chaienzanirana simba makirogiramu / masendimita ba. Classes uye muchiso nani zvakarurama chokuita mumwe, semuenzaniso, M200 mhinduro akasangana Kirasi B15 uye M300 kirasi V22,5.

Material kunwa pa 1 m3 nekongiri anogona zvakasiyana-siyana zvichienderana aida mukirasi kana kugiredhi mhinduro.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti chaiko kongiri kirasi akatsunga chete murabhoritari panguva mazuva 28. Naizvozvo, kana zvakakodzera kuti kunyatsoziva kuita musanganiswa, panguva pavaipfuura workpiece kurashirwa akawanda ivhu - cubes kana sepombi 100 mm kureba. Tinokwanisa here kuziva simba nekongiri kuri paku nzira kana sando Kashkarova, asi nzira izvi zvishoma yakarurama.

Selection of zvaida kongiri kirasi

Mugwaro Rinodiwa nekongiri anofanira raanotaura magadzirirwo mapepa kuti basa rokuvaka. Kana kuvaka rinoitwa pachavo, tinofanira kutsanangura kuti zvizivikanwe kunovhengana, sezvazviri kusvikira kumwero sei simba uye kukosha chivako kana mamiriro kuitwa amisa.

Kudomwa inonyanya mavanga kongiri anopiwa pazasi.

• M100 - Rakashandiswa akamira mudziyo chokugadza parebrikov, duku mapurani siyana;
• M150 - rinoshandiswa mudziyo makwara kugumiswa inotsigira zviruva;
• M200 - nokuti erection madziro, mavharanda;
• M250 - mukugadzira monolithic pezvingoro, grills, nheyo Slabs, tumafuta akatakura Slabs, nhanho, ukaramba masvingo ;
• M300 - chero akatakura zvivako: masvingo, uriri, nheyo;
• M350 - inobereka masvingo, mbiru, Slabs, matanda, nheyo yakasimba.

parameters jecha

Kugadzirira mhinduro akashandisa jecha siyana mavambo: matombo kana rwizi. Yechipiri zvinodiwa nokuti ane makuru granule saizi uye harina tsvina. Gomba jecha zvingasiyana kwavo kugovera PARTICIPLE saizi. Zvinganaka shandisa jecha nomutoo uye makuru kukura granules. Sezvo pavaiputsa jecha inogona rinoumbwa nevhu kana zvimwe tsvina Zvinokurudzirwa kuti atsaure kuburikidza.

Zvinokosha kuti kuteerera mwando zviri jecha. Zvichienderana nhamba iyi inofanira kuwedzerwa kuti kugadzirisa musanganiswa mumvura. Tichifunga mwando tigutsikane uye PARTICIPLE saizi kuparadzira unorema arambe achirema jecha anogona dzinosiyana 1,3 kusvika 1.9 t / bv m, zvinokosha kufunga pakuverenga kudyiwa nezvinhu por 1 m3 nekongiri.

Selection muturunhuru

Yakapwanyika kongiri muvhenganiswa zvinosanganisira kongiri kunowedzera simba uye kunoderedza shrinkage kwayo panguva solidification. Pakusarudza anokosha vari mavhu chakapatsanurwa wayo mavambo.

Pakuvaka akashandisa mavhu zvikamu zviduku:

• kubvira 5 kusvika 20 mm;
• kubvira 20 kusvika 40 mm;
• kubvira 40 kusvika 70 mm.

Zvichienderana mbishi dombo akadzvinyirirwa iri Classified mu:

• Yematombo, yakavakirwa sedimentary pamatombo.
• Of kushambidzwa mavhu nemarara.
• Granite zvinoberekwa nokupwanywa girenayiti-gneiss uye girenayiti dombo.

Mukuru kuita kuti simba ane girenayiti marara, saka kana kongiri rinogadzirirwa dzinonetsa zvivako - nheyo, mbiru, ceilings, zvakanakisisa kurishandisa. Zvinokosha Haazombokanganwi kuti marara rinoshandiswa arege dzine tsvina, kunyanya ivhu.

mvura-simende reshiyo

Kana kugadzira kongiri rokutanga ukoshi ndiyo nhamba esimende uye mvura. Mvura inodikanwa makemikari maitiro esimende hydration, zvichiita kuti paumbwe esimende ibwe. reshiyo Izvi crucially anosarudza kirasi chesamende kongiri. Zvakakosha kufungawo zvizivikanwe tsementa.Chem nechepazasi mvura-simende reshiyo, akasimba chesamende. Shoma reshiyo zvinodiwa hydration esimende iri 0.2. In tsika, kushandiswa kongiri nemvura kuumba reshiyo 0.3-0.5. Mixtures dzakakwirira mvura-simende reshiyo iri kushanda kwete kushandiswa.

Kutsunga nekongiri Mix zvikuru

Kazhinji, achigadzirira esimende kongiri vakashandisa mavanga M400 uye M500. In tsika, kuona kuparadzwa esimende pa 1m3 nekongiri uchishandisa zvinotevera tafura.

Data ava kuti zvinoitika mamiriro ezvinhu tembiricha uye mwando, uyewo simende, ivo parameters iyo anoenderana avo zvinoratidzwa pamusoro pasuru. In upenyu chaihwo, vanofanira kupa nekumwisa simende ndiyo 10-15%.

Uyezve, maererano anozivikanwa yakawanda esimende dzaona zvinhu kuparadzwa 1m3 kongiri, ari optimum inorwara esimende kuti jecha uye mavhu unoratidzwa patafura.

Somuenzaniso, zvinhu kudyiwa pa 1 m3 kubva kongiri M200 ndiko: simende muchiso M500 - 240 makirogiramu Sand - 576 makirogiramu, akapwanyika ibwe - 984 makirogiramu Water - 120 litres.

Kugadzirwa kongiri

Apo Mavhoriyamu huru nekongiri anoita zvinokurudzirwa kutenga chesamende chirimwa akagadzirira-yakavhenganiswa panguva pedyo Delivery chisanganiso. In maindasitiri kugadzirwa nezvinhu kuparadzwa kuri por 1 m3 nekongiri zvinochengetwa zvakakwana zvakasimba. Kana zvisingaiti, iwe unogona kugadzirira inodiwa uwandu nezvakavhenganiswa uye kumba. Zvakakosha kuti zvakanaka kuongorora nezvaanogona dzavo - concreting zvakaparadzana marongerwo yaifanira mumwe zvinofambidzana.

Asati nokusanganisa musanganiswa kuona zvinhu kunwa chete 1m3 nekongiri. The kukarukureta of kuerera mwero haina hayo kuita zvakakwana kushandisa tafura pazasi.

Musanganiswa rinogadzirirwa mune chesamende chisanganiso runoenzanirana mari, amudanire nayo migove metered akaoma esimende, jecha uye sieved schebonki. Mvura inofanira kuwedzerwa mu migove rokupedzisira chijana.

yokuvirisa

Kuwedzera huru vomumatunhu ari kongiri yokuvirisa anowedzerwa zvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana:

• Modifiers. Vari zvakagadzirirwa kuvandudza simba uye kuwedzera chando kuramba nekongiri.
• Plasticizers. Kuwedzera mufambo uye waterproofness nezvakasanganiswa.
• Regulators mufambo. Anogona kuwedzera marongero nguva, kuramba kufamba mune chokufambisa.
• Antimoroznye yokuvirisa. Anogovera zvinoitika Kunzwisisa yokupedza yakaderera tembiricha pasi kubvisa 20 inegumi.
• Akisarareta. Kuwedzera nokukurumidza marongero nokupa uchitsanya okurapa Nezuva rokutanga.

Ari kushanda yokuvirisa, zvinhu zvinodyiwa yokudengenyeka 1 m3 nekongiri anofanira kutsunga kufungisisa vanorumbidza ari mugadziri. Kutyora mirayiridzo kushandiswa anogona chokwadi chaizvoizvo.