Martin Gardner: Biography uye pikicha. Math Puzzles Martina Gardnera

Martin Gardner - anozivikanwa yemasvomhu, akaberekerwa America. Kunze kwake chido sainzi ichi, iye ari munyori anenge rakabudiswa mabhuku akawanda. Gardner wakazviratidza sechinhu kunoshamisa uye ichiita mabasa akawanda murume, ane hwose muropa zvesayenzi.

Biography

Martin Gardner akaberekwa musi October 21, 1914 muUnited States, muna rehurumende Oklahoma. Ndapedza chikoro, Martin akanga kukoreji, iyo yakavambwa ne University of Chicago. Zvaiva imomo kuti Martin Gardner akadzidziswa. Mushure kukoreji, akanga atova tsvimborume kuti dhigirii ari zvesayenzi, uzivi.

makore hondo

Apo Second World War, Martin akadana mberi. Ndine yemasvomhu iri US Navy, kwaakagara kwemakore pachinzvimbo Secretary chikepe - Yeoman. Ngarava akashanda apo Martin Gardner kwainzi muparadzi perekedza. Kana vakaparidza kuguma hondo uye Kuregwa Japan, chikepe chaiva pemvura Atlantic Ocean.

Apo nhau akauya kuti hondo yapera, munyori akanga kusimba kufara, nekuti ikozvino aigona kuita zvinhu iye kuziva kubvira pauduku, pasinei nokuti basa rakaitirwa haisi nesimba ndaizopedza.

Mugumo hondo

Hondo yapera, Martin yadzoka kunyika. Ikoko, akatora zvakare dzidzo yake uye vakapfuurira kudzidza panguva payunivhesiti. Kwegore rose kudzidza Martin Gardner kuti dhigirii tenzi wacho, asi kudzivirira basa rangu, kuti kuwana dhigirii yakakwirira, haana kubudirira.

mabhuku mabasa

Maererano nemamwe mabhuku zvinozivikanwa kuti kwemakumi emakore akawanda, Martin Gardner taigara yake, iyo yaisanganisira mudzimai wake waaida uye nevana vaviri vari Hastings-on-Hudson. Zvaiva imomo yemasvomhu anoda akatanga munguva mabhuku mumunda.

Kuti ave mhuri yakanga kunyange chiduku asi akatsiga mari, Martin aiva refu nguva kushanda pamusoro zvakarekodhwa, raakanga ipapo rakabudiswa. Uyezve, Gardner akanyorawo vazhinji nyaya duku magazini uye pepanhau vaparidzi.

Imwe magazini yakadaro yakanga akadhindwa Humpty Dumpty, iro anowanzonzi "Murzilka" America. Kuti rakabudiswa essays Gardner. Uyezve, munyori akanga ari munyori pfupi nyaya dzakawanda uye nyaya dzakanga vaida kuti vateereri vana. Martin Gardner dambanemazwi vakauya kwaari mbiri pakati vaduku mupfungwa America.

Yepamusoro kukurumbira

Yepamusoro zvinobatsira munyori akanga paakava kufarira kusikwa mabasa akasiyana-siyana uye Puzzles, izvo zvakanga zvisina chete akarongeka, asiwo zvine musoro. Imwe muunganidzwa Puzzles dzakadaro Martina Gardnera akava basa racho sphinx. Nokuda chakavanzika sphinx yaizivikanwa zvishoma, paiva mibvunzo, mhinduro vakakoniwa chete kuuya kuburikidza chezvaizoitika tikafunga pamusoro ndezvipi zviri kosi kugadzirisa zvakananga zvikamu zvakavanzika.

Izvi zvakanga chinobatsira vana, nokuti, mibvunzo uye achiwedzera mhinduro, vakanga vakadzidza kwete chete kufunga, asiwo kuti vafunga pamusoro zvabuda. pamusoro dzakananga nhaurwa mukuronga nevakawanda goho hurongwa anotarira chinhu chakadai: "Kana, uye izvi, zvinoitika kuti zvakanga zvakadaro." Zviri matambudziko aya uye vakauya mukuru mbiri kuna munyori.

Math Puzzles & Entertainment Martin Gardner

Kuwedzera mabasa ayo, Martin akanga musiki uye dambanemazwi nezvimwe mitambo. Math Puzzles Martina Gardnera kwaifadza chaizvo, uye izvi akahwina kuziva veruzhinji. basa rake pamusoro mitambo uye kunakidza masvomhu chikazikamwa yose. Nokuti munyori shoko "kunakidza" kwaireva zvimwechete se "zvinofadza," "mafaro zivo." Zvisinei, Martin pachake akaramba chero chokuita nokudzidza yokuvaraidza chinhu zvemafaro achiti kuti kuferefeta zvinhu zvakakomba, pfungwa mbiri idzi vari hapana nzira yakafanana nomumwe uye vakawanda mhedziso antonyms, anoreva zvakafanana pane kure.

Uyezve, kudzidzisa vana kutsvaka zvinetso zvakaoma, munyori akanyora yoga bhuku kuti aitaura sei zvakanaka akazvigadza kuva dambudziko uye kutsvaka nzira yokugadzirisa nayo. Bhuku rinonzi Martina Gardnera "Pane imwe pfungwa" akatanga kunakidzwa kwazvo kubudirira, sezvo zvikazooneka, kwete chete pakati pavana asiwo pakati vakura vateereri. Math dambanemazwi dzimwe nguva akavhiringidzwa kunyange vakuru, asi musoro vanhu vasingagoni kutiza pasina kuwana mhinduro.

mabhuku mabasa

Fame akauya kwete chete nemhaka kwemasvomhu Puzzles Martina Gardnera, asi nekuda tarenda rake mabhuku. Writer uyewo kwazvo kutenda mashura zvapambira mananara kuti kuitika munyika. mabhuku anoverengeka masvomhu vakanga vakazvipira nyaya iyi. Hatigoni kutaura kuti kutenda mashura zvapambira vava musoro mubasa munyori kunyange mabasa mazhinji zvakanyorwa zvakananga pamusoro vatorwa kuratidzwa vorumwe rudzi muupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Mumabasa aya anotiudza pamusoro wake zvaanorumbidza uye tsvakurudzo, kugumisa kuti Martin akauya. bhuku rake nezvokuvapo werimwe dzinza, uye upenyu hwakava zvakafanana nomukurumbira pakati vaverengi.

nhema

Uyezve, Martin ave kunyorwa uye unyanzvi nemabasa. Somuenzaniso, "Island kwevashanu mavara" dzinogona kuwanikwa panzvimbo echiShinto pakati kuzvitoro zvemabhuku nhasi. Kuva zvakanyorwa unyanzvi mabhuku akawanda, Martin vakaumba yoga kwokukurukurirana kunyora. Uye chokwadi, verenga basa chinenge mumwe munyori, unogona kuona kuti mutauro, rinotaura munyori, hairatidzi kuti mutauro mumwe American chaiwo chete. Nhasi, manyorerwo akamuka kunyange rinokosha zita - "Gardner", zviri dzinoratidzwa chinogutsa uye yakajeka nhoroondo mashoko, rakarurama chokwadi, akajeka uye nyore mabhii. Kazhinji Martin anoshanda anogona kuona dzimwe kutsanangura, mutongo mutsva chaizvo uye ano, iyo munyori inowanikwa siyana mapepa zvesayenzi uye magazini.

Feature Ndiwe Martina Gardnera ndiye munyori haana kuzivisa chinhu chitsva kuti muverengi, iye chete kwakaita kuti kuongorora chinhu chitsva uye saka kure zvisingazivikanwi. With basa rake, munyori anomanikidzwa kuverenga munhu pachavo kuita zvimwe tsvakurudzo, ongorora mashoko, kuti mhedziso dzavowo. mabasa aya akabatsira vanhu kunzwisisa zviri nani zvinhu zvavakanga vadzidza. Constant tsvakurudzo, yakazvimirira mhedziso - yaiva mhando yokuzvidzora kudzidza uye kuzvidzora-dzidzo.

bhuku munyori

• "Kodzero iyi, akasiya nyika" (1967).
• "Math Puzzles uye Entertainment" (1971).
• "Kwemasvomhu yokufaranuka» (1972).
• "Kwemasvomhu nganonyorwa" (1974).
• "Kwemasvomhu zvishamiso uye zvakavanzika" (1977).
• "Dzidziso Relativity mamiriyoni" (1979).
• "Ndine pfungwa!" (1982).
• "Uyai, fembera!" (1984).
• 'Tic-Tac-Toe' (1988).
• "Nguva Travel" (1990), uye zvakawanda.

upenyu Personal

Akasangana nomudzimai wake, Martin aiziva pakarepo kuti - ndicho mukadzi achakwanisa kuramba nayo muupenyu. Mutual manzwiro kuti vavapo pakati pavo, chinogona kukonzera kuti mubatanidzwa simba kwemakore anouya. Kunzwisisa, kutsigirana - ndiwo chinhu pasina pazviri pasingabviri muchato. Pakati Martin uye Charlotte paiva chisungo chakasimba.

Muchato, vaviri akaonekwa nevana vaviri vakanaka - vakomana vari kukura, akaratidza kuva akachenjera uye akachenjera vakomana. Mwanakomana mukuru kunyange dzidzo yepamusoro uye akagadzwa purofesa pedagogy paUniversity Oklahoma. mudzimai Martin kuti, Charlotte, akafa muna 2000. Yakanga kurasikirwa kukuru kuna Gardner, avo, akanga akwegura, akapedza ake zvakanyanyisa akwegura oga.

Sunset nzira youpenyu

Muna 2002, munyori akasarudza kudzokera kumusha kwavo - muna Oklahoma. Chikonzero ichi chaiva basa mwanakomana wake, uyo akanga ari purofesa paUniversity of Oklahoma. The mwanakomana akanga befu ari kuuya baba vake, akanga oga zvose muna North Carolina, uko mukadzi wake akafa. Achipfuurira ake mabhuku basa, Martin Gardner aigara Oklahoma kusvikira rokupedzisira mazuva ake. Asi kunyange panoperera hwake nomunyori akaramba kusika. Math Puzzles Martina Gardnera, uyo akauya kwaari pamutemo uye rudo pakati pavana, akaramba kuti kubudiswa, asi nekuti masvomhu vakaramba wekuvamba chinhu chitsva.

Writer akafa May 22, 2010 mumusha sezvayakanga aine makore 95. Mumazuva okupedzisira maawa mashoma kuti vanongosiyiwa Martin, mwanakomana waJakobho dzose nguva akanga pedo baba vake. Pasinei nokuti munyori akararama inopenya uye dzinonakidza upenyu, rufu rwake kwaiva kurasikirwa kukuru kwete chete nokuda America asi nyika, nekuti basa uye bhuku Martina Gardnera rakaparadzirwa mukurumbira.

Mashoko mashoma mhedziso

Martin Gardner muupenyu hwake hwose yakatanga. Akaedza rwake pane nzira sayenzi siyana, akanyora mabasa mazhinji (kupfuura 70) kuti akaona, akazozivikanwa muvambi mitambo edzidzo vana. Yezvaakaita, pasinei nzvimbo yakaderera, haagoni kunzi hunoshamisa. Uyu akaratidza kutsungirira, tarenda uye chido nemimba itsva upenyu hwose. Akaratidza ruzivo muminda dzakawanda zvesayenzi, saka unogona vakagumisa kuti, kusvikira munyori uye nyanzvi yemasvomhu, akanga chinoumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda kwavo pachavo. Kutsungirira uye chido kusvika kuvandudza dzokuzvikoshesa budiriro - ndizvozvo Martin Gardner anorondedzera somunhu. Yakanga nekuvongwa iye kuti vanhu vakawanda vava kunzwisisa sainzi, kuwana mairi isingaperi nhamba nzvimbo itsva dzine shoma akadzidza. Zviri mabasa chinokosha Martin simbi kuti vanhu vazhinji kwakakurudzira nokuzvidzora kuvandudzika.