Marongerwo uye kushanda pituitary

The pituitary shwanu, marongerwo uye mashandiro izvo dzichakurukurwa papera, ndiyo nhengo yacho kwemakemikari anobudiswa hurongwa. It mugove 3 vasanganiswa. Ngatikurukurei tiri mashandiro ari pituitary shwanu wouropi. Panoperera nyaya, imwe zvinhu. Zvikurukuru, tafura. pituitary basa anorondedzerwa mariri zvishoma.

kutenderera

Sezvo pituitary shwanu iri dzinofambiswa? Basa, mabatiro zvirwere, nhengo basa vakawanda vagara vandifungira mamiriro kweropa. Zvimwe zviri nhengo ropa rive mune zvakawanda zviitiko mutsindo simba pamusoro mutemo kwayakaita.

Nemapazi carotid (yomukati) tsinga uye mudenderedzwa Willis akaumba okumusoro muviri makwara. Yokutanga siyana ane kumbonyanya simba rirambe richibvira samambure munzvimbo evaMedhia Ukuru munharaunda hypothalamus. Kubatanidza vaite nhevedzano midziyo portal tsinga refu. Ivo inaye adenohypophysis uye acrid chimiro ari Anterior akafukidza plexus sinusoidal capillaries. Somugumisiro, muchikamu ichi muviri rakananga ropa rive vasipo. Ropa zvokudya mariri kubva evaMedhia Ukuru kubudikidza portal hurongwa. Izvi zvinhu zviri rinokosha nokuda nomurau mumwe kushanda Anterior pituitary. Izvi imhaka yokuti axons mu neurosecretory masero ari hypothalamus iri evaMedhia Ukuru nharaunda vakaumba aksovazalnye vokukurukura.

Neurosecretion uye pamutemo peptides napasuwo midziyo zvinopfuura adenohypophysis. Rear muviri dhipatimendi anogamuchira ropa apasi arteries. The adenohypophysis akacherechedza soro kuchinyanya ano, apo ayo pamwero wakakwirira kupfuura mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzomuviri dzakawanda.

midziyo Venous ari Anterior akafukidza zvinosanganisira shure venules. The water drainage kubva nhengo iri kuitwa cavernous sinus venous zvakaoma goko, uye ipapo - mune chimwe network. A mukuru Vhoriyamu ropa runoita retrograde kune evaMedhia yapamusoro. Izvi dzinonetsa apo kushanda inofambiswa zvigadziriswe pakati hypothalamus uye pituitary shwanu. Tsitsi innervation rwengarava ropa riri kuitwa postganglionic fibers pakukoka achitevedza vascular Network.

Pituitary shwanu: marongerwo uye mashandiro (zvishoma)

Sezvakataurwa apa, pane nhengo iyi mapoka matatu. The mberi unonzi Anterior pituitary. Maererano morphological features, nokupesana uyu shwanu epithelial mavambo. Rine Mhando wandei kwemakemikari anobudiswa masero.

Posterior akafukidza akadana neurohypophysis. Zvinonzi kuumbwa panguva embryogenesis sechinhu bulging ventral hypothalamus uye inozivikanwa nevakawanda nazvo neuroectodermal mavambo. Muchikamu posterior chikamu vakaungana pituitsidy - masero chokurukisa-yakaumba Neural hypothalamic axons.

Zvenguva chakapatsanurwa (rakafanana pamberi) ndiyo epithelial mavambo. Dhipatimendi iri zvachose ndisipo muvanhu, asi zviri pachena chaizvo akaratidza Somuenzaniso, muna nemakonzo, mombe uye ruminants diki. zvenguva akafukidza basa munhu anoita vashomanana boka masero ari nechemberi neshure kupesana, chadzo uye embryological chokuita Anterior pituitary. Next, funga zvikamu pamusoro apa zvizere.

Kugadzirwa mahormone

Zvayakaita Anterior pituitary masero anoratidza nezvemarudzi sere, vashanu vari kuri muna secretory basa. zvinhu izvi zvinosanganisira, kunyanya:

• Somatotrofy. It acidophilus tsvuku zvinhu pamwe granules yakaisvonaka. Ivo kubereka kukura kemikari.
• Laktotrofy. Izvi yeyero acidophilus zvinhu makuru granules. Ivo inongomutsa prolactin.
• Tireotrofy basophil. Masero aya berekai thyroid-mutange kemikari.
• Gonadotrofy basophil. zvinhu izvi kubudisa LH uye FSH (gonadotropins: follicle nekurukurirano uye luteinizing mahormone).
• Kortikotrofy basophil. zvinhu izvi zvinogadzirwa adrenocorticotropic kemikari corticotropin. Uyewo pano, sapamazuva pezvokuvamba zvenguva weboka, kuumbwa melanotropin uye Beta-endorphin. yeimwe izvi zvinobviswa aizotangira mamorekuru lipotropinovyh yeimwe.

corticotropin

Zviri cleavage chibereko proopiomelanocortin glycoprotein zvakakwana guru riri kuumbwa basophilic kortikotrofami. Izvi puroteni remubatanidzwa iri muzvikamu zviviri. Yechipiri - lipotropin - ichikamurwa uye anopa melanotropin peptide endorphin. Zvinokosha mubasa antipain (antinociceptive) hurongwa uye vachisiyanisa inzwi rudzi adenohypophyseal mahormone.

Vasiri migumisiro corticotropin

Vari rakakamurwa extraadrenal uye adrenal. Recent vaiona zvikuru. Pasi zvinoitwa corticotropin yakawedzera kwetunhu mahormone. Kana pane zvinopfuura hyperplasia isiri yekenza uye hypertrophy pamusoro adrenal cortex. Extraadrenal chiito chinoratidzwa anotevera migumisiro:

• Wedzerai kugadzirwa kukura kemikari uye jekiseni.
• Lipolytic nomugumisiro adipose tishu.
• Yomuropa nokuda kweiyi jekiseni secretion.
• Inosimudzira deposition kuti melanin, hyperpigmentation nokuda hormone ukama pakati Morekuru pamwe melanotropin.

Kana zvakawandisa corticotropin akacherekedza kukura Cushing pamwe zvinobetsera kuwedzera cortisol ari adrenal. zvokurwara iyi inonzi pituitary Cushing kuti. Akaderedza pituitary basa chinokurwadzai kushaya glucocorticoids. Zvinonzi pamwe metabolic inochinja akaratidza unhu uye kwakakura kurwisa kune kwokunze kwezvakatipoteredza.

Gonadotropic pituitary basa

Development nezvevamwe yeimwe kubva muchitokisi pellets siyana vakasiyana zvinogara zviri varume nevakadzi. Pituitary basa rakatangwa muna nyaya ino adenylate cyclase-musasa hurongwa. simba ravo guru nechinangwa kurara zvikamu. The chiito haringorevi paumbwe uye secretion pakati mahormone, asiwo mashandiro ari testes uye ovaries nokusunga kuti cellular receptors follitropin primordial follicle. Izvi zvinotisvitsa vaakasarudza morphogenetic zvazviri, izvo kunooneka pacharo muchimiro kukura pakati follicles mu ovary uye granulosa masero kuwanda vakadzi, uyewo kukura testes, spermatogenesis, uye Kuwedzera kwakaita Sertoli masero ari vanhurume.

Panguva kugadzirwa dzepabonde mahormone mu follitropin vakachengeta chete webetsero kushanda. Nokuda maumbirwo secretory iye kugadzirira lutropin basa. Uyezve, kwakamutsa steroid biosynthesis makemikari. Lutropin zvinokonzera ovulation uye kuvandudzwa ovarian corpus luteum mbeu, uye testes kunobatsira musi Leydinga masero. Iye anonzi kiyi steroid activation dzidzo uye androgen, progesterone uye inonzi estrogen. Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri Kugadzirwa gonads uye kugadzirwa steroids yakabva synergistic zviito lutropin uye follitropin. Panyaya iyi, vanowanzoororwa aibatanidza pasi mukuru rokuti "gonadotropins".

Thyrotropin: mukuru ruzivo

Secretion pamusoro glycoprotein ichi kemikari rinoitwa akaramba aine zvakakwana unopinza nokufamba yose zuva. kunonyanyisa wevasungwa Its kuchengetwa maawa zvinotangira kurara. The murau iri kuteererwa kukurukurirana kushanda pituitary uye thyroid mumasero. Thyrotropin secretion kunonatsiridza tetraiodothyronine uye triiodothyronine. Closed inofambiswa kuti ufanane hypothalamus uye pituitary shanda yakafanira. Mukupera Kana tiri kutaura pamusoro kudzvinyirira pamusoro TSH. Uyewo hazvina DZEMUNHU DZINODZORA ari secretion pamusoro glucocorticoids. The zvakawedzera kugadzirwa TSH chidzitiro kunoitika pasi pokudzora tembiricha yakakwirira pamusoro muviri. Zvinhu zvakadai yokutindivadza, kurwadziwa kana kukuvara, tunodzivisa secretion.

The simba thyrotropin

kemikari ichi anokwanisa tichisunga chairo Kanotokonya ari thyroid follicular masero uye kunyengedza metabolic siyana. Thyrotropin kunobatsira kushandura mhando dzose muviri, kuwedzera kune ayodhini kubatwa Implementation ose steroids uye kwetunhu thyroid thyroglobulin. Kuwedzera thyroid kemikari secretion kunoitika kuburikidza activation pamusoro hydrolysis kuti thyroglobulin.

Thyrotropin muviri uremu inowedzera nokuda vawedzere RNA uye mapuroteni usage. The kemikari rine vnetireoidnoe chiito. Kunoratidza rakawedzera Kugadzirwa glycosaminoglycans paganda, subcutaneous zvinyama uye zaorbitalnoy. Izvi zvinowanzoda kunoitika nokuda kwokushaya mahormone Somuenzaniso, pamusoro ayodhini kukanganisika. Kunwisa secretion pamusoro TSH goitre, thyroid hyperfunction anokuzviratidza ikawanda kugutsikana steroid thyroid (hyperthyroidism), exophthalmos (pucheglazija). All pamwe ichi anonzi Graves 'chirwere.

somatotropin

kemikari ichi anogadzirwa akaramba aine miniti watsemuka 20-30 mumasero adenogipofizarnyh. Yaidzorwa secretion kuti somatostatin vakatora somatoliberin (hypothalamic neuropeptides). Inosimudzira kugadzirwa kukura kemikari kwakacherechedzwa mumakore hope, kunyanya chichiri kutanga.

vasiri migumisiro

Vari chokuita matambudziko kukura kemikari pamusoro metabolic kwendangariro. Vazhinji vasiri migumisiro yairevererwa dzakananga humoral zvinhu, mapfupa uye chiropa. Ndivo vakadanwa somatomedins. Kana kutyora pituitary shwanu ari muchimiro yakawedzera uye mazhinji secretion kemikari inonzi zviito humoral zvikonzero pamusoro shwashwa zvikaramba. Zvisinei, vaichengeta kuchinja lipid uye carbohydrate muviri. Somugumisiro, kukura kemikari zvinosimudzira hyperglycemia nokuda kuora mu chiropa uye tsandanyama glycogen, uye chinovhiringidza Kweshuga inoraswa mune munyama. Nokuda kemikari ichi anowedzera jekiseni secretion. Panguva iyoyowo, kukura kemikari zvinoita activation insulinase.

Akati enzayemu anoita deleteriously pamusoro jekiseni, vakatsamwisa kuramba nawo munyama. Kubatana uku pezvakaitwa kungamutsawo kutanga chirwere cheshuga (chirwere cheshuga).

pituitary nerevane kuoneka mune muviri kuti lipids. Pane atingaite (madiro) nezvaizoitwa kukura kemikari pamusoro zvinokonzerwa glucocorticoids uye catecholamines. Naizvozvo kwakamutsa lipolysis pamusoro adipose zvinyama, vakawedzera akasununguka mafuta iine acid wevasungwa muropa, pane kunyanya paumbwe ketone mitumbi iri chiropa uye kunyange infiltration kwayo.

Insulin irambe inogona chokuita zvinetso zvinorondedzerwa zhirovgo exchange. Kana kutyora pituitary shwanu, iyo runoratidzwa kunyanya secretion kuwedzera kemikari, kana chinoratidza pacharo iri muduku, yakatanga gigantism pamwe Proportional paumbwe hunde uye maoko nemakumbo. In yechirimwa uye kuyaruka panguva imwe chete pane kuwedzera chidimbu kubva epiphyseal kukura mapfupa skeletal, nzvimbo kukwana Ossificação em. Izvi anonzi acromegaly. Kana kukura kemikari kushaikwa vachiberekwa dwarfism hunhu zvazvingava, rinozivikanwa pituitary dwarfism. vanhu vakadaro vanonzi se Lilliputians.

prolactin

Ichi chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha mahormone kuti pituitary shwanu unobereka. Unoshanda mumuviri akati steroid anoita zvakasiyana. Kunyanya zvinokanganisawo mammary shwanu. Uyezve, inotsigira kemikari secretory basa corpus luteum mbeu uye progesterone kugadzirwa. Prolactin rinobatanidzwa murau mvura-munyu muviri, kuderedza excretion nemvura electrolytes, zvinoita kukura zvomukati, kunosimudzirawo paumbwe rwaamai hwokuzvarwa nahwo. Uyezve amplification kemikari kunonatsiridza mapuroteni kwetunhu mafuta kubva makabhohaidhiretsi yavaive chinokonzera postnatal kufuta.

Rear uye zvenguva zvikamu: tsanangudzo pfupi

Neurohypophysis anoita zvikurukuru mari shanda. In dhipatimendi uyu secreted neurohormones paraventricular uye supraoptic nuclei ari hypothalamus - oxytocin uye vasopressin.

Kana zvenguva kupesana, pane aumbwa melanotropin. kemikari Izvi synthesized rwe-melanin kunowedzera uwandu vakasununguka ruvara ari Epiderme e, kunosimbisa ganda uye bvudzi ruvara. Melanotropin anoita basa kwouropi peptide neurochemical pezvakaitwa vari mundangariro.

In mhedziso

Table "Pituitary Rinoshanda" rinomiririrwa pasi ambotirega seizvi mabasa dzinokurukurwa nyere nokuda kuziva basa yeimwe zvinoberekwa navo.