Lychakiv Cemetery Lvov, Ukraine. Description, nomukurumbira kuvigwa

Lviv - rimwe remaguta Ukraine, izvo kuwedzera aine mamiriro guru nemagariro munyika ndeimwe yenyika nemagariro nhaka kubudikidza UNESCO yakaisvonaka. Izvi mazvake nemarudzi, guta riri kwetsika papfuma chaiyo. Zvechokwadi inokosha chiwanikwa nhaka yenyika tsika ndiye Lychakiv kumakuva - mumwe mashoma makuva ekare achiripo muEurope.

Historical Mashoko mavambo

Pakati pezana remakore rechi14, muguta reLviv rakanga hunodzorwa mambo Polish Casimir III. Izvi zvakakanganisa mufananidzo guta zvakatanga kuchinja nokukurumidza. Kukura mumadhorobha kwezvivako: kune emabhawa, zvivako mujeri uye Chokwadi, makuva.

KuMiddle Ages zvaionekwa Muzvarirwo kundoviga vakafa vakazvitsaurira pasi - pedyo netemberi. Zvisinei, nokufamba kwenguva zvakava pachena kuti yomunzvimbo iyi kunounza yakawanda nematambudziko. Makuva dziri pedyo napedyo kuti dzinogarwa dzoga, isu ndakasika zvakawanda zvinogona kuparadza upenyu hwevanhu. Naizvozvo, panguva iyoyo Mambo Joseph II muna 1783, kwakasarudzwa kubvisa zvose prihramovye kuvigwa kunze kweguta.

City Lions akaputsa vakapinda akawanda zvidimbu, uye akasika makuva mana. Vagari mugove wechina uye muzinda atora rimwe akare makuva ari Lychakova.

Cemetery akamuka ayo yepamutemo kwemaonerwo 1786, asi kuvigwa ikoko akaita ambotaurwa. Maererano nevanyori venhau dzakaitika, kunyange muzana namatatu paiva vachiviga vanhu vakafa munguva nedenda chekorera.

Sezvo vagari pakati yainyanya madhorobha vepamusoro, hazvishamisi kuti mushure mechinguva makuva akava chikuru necropolis muguta.

Origin of zita

Makuva atumidzwa nokuda nharaunda umo iri nepekugara. Chikamu ichi reLviv yaigadziriswa kare remakore rechigumi nemashanu uye anonzi ruwa. Kuburikidza idzi mumazuva iwayo aiva mapoka pavaienda Constantinople. Mugwagwa ainzi Hlyniany nokuti kwakatungamirira kuguta ivhu. Tanga yako akapora kubva pasuwo wemamongi iri pano. Zvisinei, chikamu mugwagwa ainzi Lychakivska anoonga zita yomunharaunda vanhu.

Richitaura Nezvekwakabva zita "Lychakov" Historians hadzibvumirani kuti nhasi. Vamwe vanofunga kuti izvi ndizvo isiriyo shanduro German Lyuttsengof rakabva zita colonist German Lutz, vaimborarama muzvikamu izvi. Vamwe vanoomerera shanduro kuti chikonzero zita iri raiva shoko "Lychakov". Mumazuva iwayo, saka isu akadana dzine urombo vanhu, uyo aipfeka nembariro bast (nemakwati omuti) shangu.

The zita wekare aina, uye zvino atumidzwa Lviv nharaunda, kupaki, ravarwi uye rimwe mumigwagwa kuwedzera kumakuva.

Makuva ari pre-echimurenga nguva

Sezvo yaro yepamutemo yokutanga nzvimbo ino zvakanaka pachivande akagamuchira vapfumi chinzvimbo. Pano takatsvaka kuwana nzvimbo yavo yokupedzisira reLviv nomukurumbira vanhu: enyika, vaimbi, vananyanduri, vafundisi, vatungamiriri vehondo, uye chete vapfumi. Chaizvoizvo, zvakanga kuonga zvinoitwa dzavo makuva akatonyanya sezvinoita miziyamu.

Muna 1856, zviremera zvomunzvimbo vakasarudza ennoble kundima. Kuti aite izvi, isu vakakokwa yakakurumbira panguva tenzi kuti pamunda uri: K. Bauer uye T. Thuzhevsky. The muuki anomuchinja kumakuva, kutanga njanji pano, alleys memafuta greenery. Zvino kwazova akafanana yakanaka park, kudzivirirwa zvavo kusiyana runako panzvimbo idzi.

Lychakiv Necropolis Kukurumbira yaingowanikwa akava rakakura kuti aifanira kuwedzera kanoverengeka kusvikira asvika ino nzvimbo - hectares 42, akafukidza 86 minda.

Gare gare, kubvira kwakakwidibira hwaJehoshafati rufu kunatsiridzwa paki yakashandurwa kuva maruva uye akasvibira mubindu, apo unogona kufamba uye kunakidzwa zvinoshamisa zvaakasika yavatenzi Tadeusz Baronch uye Leonard Marconi. A kanoda pamasikiro necropolis ndowenyika mhuri Shimzerov, Lviv akapa zvizvarwa zviviri vavezi vemabwe Anton uye Johann, uyewo vana vavo Yuliana Markovskogo, yakakurumbira munyori "Sleeping pamubhedha," yava bhizimisi kadhi iri kumakuva. Ikoko unogona kuyemura akakurumbira vanochema kubva Hartmann Witwer, kuburikidza vane tarenda wakadzikwa mufananidzo gravestones. Vamwe zvivezwa vakavigwa pano.

Makuva: Legends

Crypts uye pamakuva, gravestones, makuva kuti vari pano, havasi chete yorudzii chiyeuchidzo upenyu hwevanhu vakasiyana kana mhuri yose, asi taurira yakawanda nyaya.

Mumwe wavo ari ngano pamusoro Jozef Bachevsk, uyo achiri mupenyu atora kuchengeta nzvimbo yake yokupedzisira. Mhuri yake yakanga zvinwiwa simba uye vakava kuonga yakakurumbira kwavari yose. Special zvebhizimisi akaratidza Jozef Adam, ane zita Zvinozivikanwa mumunda ichi dzebhizimisi. Pakutanga akasvika mariro ake pachine nokuvaka kereke iri munharaunda Lychakiv kumakuva uye akarayira mudziyo anonakidza. Zvokuimba robhoti pohoronschik kwete chete akauya Jozef kumakuva, asiwo vakazvimiririra akamuisa uchanja.

Imwe nyaya Kunosanganisira kujairika dombo repaguva. Pano kana parutivi bust ari zvinoshamisa Dr. Jozef Ivanovich akagadzirisa imbwa ake maviri - Pluto uye Nero. Vakatendeka tenzi wavo, uye pashure porufu rwake, vakaramba naye kumakuva. Pane usingaonekwi ayo mwero design site ane nhoroondo anonakidza. Somuenzaniso, imwe akashinga musoja mauto Frantsishke Zaremba, uyo akapukunyuka rufu mukurwa, iye akararama upenyu hurefu makore 112.

Original kadhi Lychakiv kumakuva chivezwa akava musikana akarara. With ichi enhetembo dombo repamusoro kwakabatana chisinganzwisisike nyaya. Yuzefa Markovskaya kuratidzwa pano akafa muna 1877.

Wanda uye kungoerekana rufu hwakonzera makuhwa. Pane shanduro dzakawanda. Mumwe wavo anoti Jozef aiva mutambi uye vzhivshis iri basa, akafa sezvakanga panguva kuratidzwa. Wechipiri - pamusoro rusina kukwana mberi rudo musikana uyo, mushure kudzidza pamusoro kusavimbika nemunhu waunoda, muchetura. Wechitatu shanduro chokuita nevakafa nevana, Jozef. Panobva wechina ari vokuPoland tsime, uyo anozviti murume akavigwa pano - Stanisław Zborowski.

Famous evanhu akavigwa pano

Nyaya zhinji uye ngano chokuita nhasi saka asinganzwisisiki nzvimbo yakaita makuva. Ndiani akavigwa pano kubva vanhu akakurumbira? Chokwadi, pakati pavo dzepamusorosoro kwokufananidzira tsika, sayenzi uye nounyanzvi Ukraine: yakakurumbira munyori uye munyori "Vodogray" uye "Red meme" - Vladimir Ivasjuk; mudetembi uye nomukurumbira Ivan Franko; Osip Turyansky Vanyori uye Mihail Rudnitsky; Masayendisiti Vasily Bamba Levitsky uye Music; wenhoroondo Isidor Sharanevich nevamwe.

Uyewo, kuwedzera kune vomunyika pano anogona kuwanikwa makuva Poles vakakurumbira vaigara Lviv: munyori zvinoshamisa vana nyaya Marii Konopnitskoy yemasvomhu Stefan Banach, nyanzvi yokudhirowa Arthur Grottgera, nyika yakakurumbira chiremba - Lyudovika Ridigera, Sigmund Gorgolewski - zvivako munyori Lviv Opera House, uye vazhinji nevamwe nesayenzi uye nounyanzvi.

kumakuva Memorial zvivako

Chinonyanya kufadza vari mundima vakawanda makuva hombe. Makuva (Lviv) rine zvakawanda inozivikanwa chirangaridzo zvivako, izvo vanozivikanwa munyika yose. Kune zvakawanda kwavari:

• chirangaridzo yakatsaurirwa kuna masoja dzakaurawa wokuUkraine National Army;
• Champ de Mars, apo nhema kuvigwa vanenge zviuru zvina varwi Soviet vakafira pano muHondo Yenyika II;
• Lviv "eaglets", chirangaridzo yakatsaurirwa kuna vawirwa pano makore Ukrainian-Polish hondo nevarwi-majaya Poles;
• Rebel Hill - munzvimbo ino vakavigwa vanhu vakatora mugove vokuPoland yemuna muna 1863;
• Guva, hanzvadzi yemamongi kurongeka kuvigwa.

Lviv kumakuva "eaglets"

kudzorerwa dambudziko kuvigwa chakakurukurwa kwenguva refu, sezvo muSoviet nguva (muna 1971) akanga rakapotsa kuparadzwa. Pashure Ukraine akawana rusununguko, zviremera Polish akaita panyaya kuumba chirangaridzo pano, kudzorera kuparadzwa ufuza pamusoro kunozivikanwa yemakuva Polish "eaglets". Saka isu akadana muduku Poles, uyo akatora mugove kudzivirira Lviv uye vakarwa pano munguva yehondo wePolish-kuUkraine. Chimwe zita kuvigwa ichi - Lviv kumakuva nevanozvitsigira.

Muna 2005, chokurangaridza pakupedzisira akadzorerwa, yakanga yavakwazve pamwe kutora chikamu Namachinda State rweUkraine uye Poland.

Unhu kumakuva

Nharaunda ano Lychakiv kumakuva ndiko rakakura, asi pasinei ichi, zvose kugadzirisa zvakanaka uye zvichipindirana. Anokwazisa vashanyi ane capstan masuwo ibwe noruzhowa, izvo kunofambidzana ndokugadzira mazariro. Pavaigona kutora chikepe chaienda fenzi, unogona kuona migwagwa pedyo uye makamuri, izvo dziri munzvimbo dzakapoteredza pamberi nzvimbo uye divi alleys. Wokupedzisira muenzi vakapinda kwakadzika mitema mumapaki, rinomuvanza tombstones ounyanzvi. Uyezve, achifumira pachikomo duku, vari zvakabatanidzwa mune guru mhete munzira, umo bazi kure kwakasiyana-siyana dzakawanda alleys, pinda mumba makona ose kumakuva.

Kushanyira kumakuva

Usava pano - saka havaoni rimwe dzinoshamisa zvinotyisa muguta. Kunyanya kubva muna 1990 Lychakiv kumakuva (Lviv) akapiwa chinzvimbo wenhoroondo uye netsika miziyamu. Sezvo chikazozikamwa, nzvimbo yakadaro nani kunoona aine guide. Kudiwa kuvapo yokupedzisira imhaka zvikonzero zvinoverengeka. Chokutanga, imwe nzvimbo akakura kumakuva, izvo anonetsa famba zuva rimwe. Chechipiri, pachava nomukana wokunzwa nyaya inonakidza upenyu vanhu akavigwa pano.

Kushanyira kumakuva - kubva mapfumbamwe kusvikira namanomwe. Vanoda vanakidzwe kwokubatsira miziyamu inopiwa kutungamirirwa Tours usiku.

Nhasi, masangano kufamba kupa minamato yavo avo mashoma achienda kuguta. Kujairirana zvinokwezva ayo kusanganisira dzemitambo, mamiziyamu, machechi, uyewo Tours pakati makuva.

Kudzokera ikoko

Today Lychakiv kumakuva nharaunda chinofukidza hectares 42 nyika, hazvishamisi kuti zviri nyore kurasika. Kunyange vagari Lviv anozvikudza nezvokuti zvakanaka vaifarira muna 86 minda apo makuva zvino iri. How kusvika kunzvimbo iyi anonakidza, unogona kuudza vagari veguta vanoda kupindura mibvunzo yakaita vaenzi. Ibva pano tinogona chitima № 7 kana 2, asati asvika Mechnikova pfupiso. Zvinotevera kuenda napasuo, yakavakwa pano muna 1875, uye uchafarirwa. nzira dzakawanda. Pane atova tourist sarudzo chaanoita, kana kukumbira rubatsiro kuna vaitarira uye kuti bhuku kushanyira kana kurarama pachavo tichibatsirwa internet, mepu uye zvatinoda.

Makuva - rudzi guta vakafa, anogara hwake. Kufanana nevanhu, nzvimbo idzi vanozvarwa, kukura uye kufa. Kashoma kuwana zvagara yakadai necropolis ichi. Nhoroondo yaro odzokera emakore anopfuura maviri, uye wevasungwa zvichaitirwa nyaya, ngano uye zvishamiso dzimwe nguva anenge risingadaviriki.