Kuzvimiririra chivimbiso senzira yekuvimbisa kuzadzika kwezvisungo. Independent Bank Guarantee

Nharaunda yemutemo wehurumende inotarisana nekuchinja kukuru kwegore negore, kunyanya mumunda webhangi. Kune maitiro matsva ekukweretesa, mazwi echibvumirano, kubvumirwa kwevimbiso, pamwe chete nemigumisiro inobatsira. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, Civil Code yeRussian Federation yakagadzirisa pfungwa itsva inonzi "chivimbo chega".

Form and content

Chibvumirano chakazvimiririra senzira yekuwana kushanda kwezvisungo ndeyemhosva yekubhadhara mari inogadziriswa nekontrakta, pasinei nekushanda kunochengetedzwa kwezvisungo zvekubhadhara.

The Civil Code yeRussian Federation inotaura kuti rudzi urwu rwechigadziro runogadzirwa nekunyora. Mukuwedzera, kune zvikonzero zvinokosha zvemashoko: mamiriro ekukweretesa uye kushandiswa kwemashumiro. Chinyorwa chakanyorwa chinofanirwa kusimbiswa nemapoka, kusanganisira vatatu, pasina kukanganisa. Zvose zvinyorwa zvemagazini ino zvinoratidzwa mune unyanzvi. 368 Civil Code yeRussian Federation.

Kubudisa nzira

Mutemo wezvino wehurumende unoti chibvumirano chakazvimirira chinogona kubudiswa nebhangi kana kukweretesa, iyo ichava guarantor. Mitemo yemutemo ndeyoruzhinji rwevanhu vane kodzero yekuwana mari yekubhadhara:

• Mabhangi nemabhengi emabhengi emhando ipi zvayo ine chirevheni chekuita mari.
• Chikwereti masangano, somuenzaniso, kupa zvikwereti zvenguva pfupi.
• Makambani emabhizimisi ezvokutengeserana ane simba rekubudisa zvivimbiso nenzira yakatemwa.

Iyo inotsanangurwa mari yehutano ndiyo nzira imwe chete yokutengesa. Chibvumirano chekuzvimiririra senzira yekuchengetedza mitoro inogona kuzadzikiswa muchibvumirano pakukumbira kwechirango. Izvi zvinogadzira zvido zvepamutemo zvinosungirirwa kuitira kushanda kwezvinotarisirwa zvinoenderana nekugadziriswa kwechibvumirano.

Pamusoro pezviratidzo zvebhaperi yakazvimirira

Icho chinonyanya kukosha icho rudzi urwu rwechigadziro runogona kuonekwa ndirwo rusununguko kubva pane zvinotarisirwa zvinoshandiswa nekambani yechikwereti. Mhedzisiro huru inoratidzwa muzviratidzo zvinotevera:

• Chibvumirano chakazvimiririra hachiregi kuva chakabudirira zvichienderana nekushanda kwezvikwereti zvezvikwereti. Uyezve, munguva yekubhadharwa, haisi kuchinja chero kupi zvako.
• Kuvhiringidzwa kwezvisungo hazvirevi kusabvumirwa kwechibvumirano.
• Panewo kunetseka kune mari. Kudzokorora kudzokororwa kunoitwa nemudzidzi hakuiti kodzero yekugamuchira rudzi rwechigadziro chiri pasi pekufungidzirwa. Uyezve, kuzadzika zvizere kana kusarura kwezvisungo zvesangano hakusi chivimbo chekugamuchira kwayo.
• Sangano rehurumende rezvimiririra haritauri pamwe nemutevedzeri nenzira ipi zvayo. Zvimwe zvipikiso kana kukanganisa kunoitwa nemunhu ane chikwereti pamagariro ekonesi hakuratidzi.

Nhengo dzehukama hwepamutemo

Nzvimbo yakakura zvikuru yemutemo wemari inosanganisira denderedzwa guru revatambi. Nokudaro, chibvumirano chakazvimiririra senzira yekuvimbisa kuzadzika kwezvisungo zvine chokuita nevanhu vanotevera:

1. The guarantor.
2. The beneficiary.
3. Principal.

Mumwe nomumwe wemapato pachibvumirano anokosha zvikuru. Nokudaro, guarantor inopa mamiriro ose anodiwa ekubudisa chibvumirano chezvimiririra. Rutivi rwechipiri runorigamuchira nechinangwa chekupa mumwe munhu wechitatu anodiwa zvakanyanya. Zvinoreva chiitiko ichi ndechokupa mukwereti mukana wekuwana chikwereti chechikwereti, uye sangano rekwereti - kuva nechokwadi chekuzadzika kwezvisungo nenzira ipi zvayo.

Zvimwe pamusoro pemamiriro

Chibvumirano chekuzvimiririra nderimwe rudzi rwekutengeserana, kunyangwe rumwe rutivi. Chibvumirano chechikwereti chinogona kuratidzwa mukuchengetedza chikwereti kwete nemashoko emari chete, asiwo mune zvikamu, zvisungo, cheki, pamwe nezvimwe zvinhu zvine zviratidzo zvevanhu vanoita zvinhu.

Chirongwa chekuzvimiririra zvizere, iyo iyo inotsanangurwa muArt. 368 ye Civil Code yeRussian Federation, inoratidzwa mumagwaro, apo maitiro makuru, mazano, zvigadziriswa zvinorayirwa. Zvose zvakanyorwa mazita emvumo yesangano ndeaya anotevera:

• Zvinoda zvemapati. Mazita akazara emasangano anodiwa kuti azive mapato. Mareta ekambani yakakura nebazi inokosha pano, nekuvapo kwayo uye kubatanidzwa mukutengeserana.
• Nzira yekuverengera ichabatsira kuwedzera huwandu hwezvikwereti, kubhadhara, uye, kana zvichidikanwa, kuonekwa mumatare sehuchapupu.
• Kutaura nezvekugona kwekuendesa kodzero dzeanowana kune vamwe vanhu.
• Nhamba yekukweretesa, kuchengeteka kwayo, uyewo ukuru hwekubhadhara periodic.
• Kuuya kwemamiriro akasiyana, sechikonzero chekuti chikwereti chekwereti chinogona kuderedzwa kana kuwedzerwa. Zvakakosha kuratidza mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo, pamwe nekuona mari yakawanda: mubhadharo kana mari.
• Izwi rechibvumirano, uyewo urongwa hwezvakanyorwa zvepamutemo, zvichibva pakuguma kwayo.
• Zuva rekupedzisa uye kusayina kwemapato.

Pamusoro pezviyero uye kuverenga

Chibvumirano chekuzvimirira chinowanikwa pamagariro ekambani yechitatu haafaniri kupesana nemitemo yakawanda yechibvumirano chechikwereti chakasayirwa pakati pemukuru nemudzidzi.

Mutemo wepamutemo weiyi inoratidzwa muna Art. 377 Civil Code yeRussian Federation. Zvinowanzoreva kuti kuverenga kwemari yezvikwereti kunogoneka chete maererano nemari yakatarwa nechibvumirano pakati pemunhu ane chikwereti uye ane chikwereti. Kana pasina kusateerera kwekuverengwa kwakagadzirwa nechibvumirano, munhu ane chikwereti angarongerwa zvikwereti zvekufarira. Muchiitiko ichi, chirongwa chekusimudzira chinogona kupa mamiriro akasiyana.

Art. 314 ye Civil Code inogadza dzimwe nguva:

1. Nokufunga nezvezvinodiwa, mazuva mashanu ekushanda anopiwa.
2. Chibvumirano chechibvumirano chakazvimiririra chinogona kupa mukana wekuwedzera izwi iyo mwedzi, asi kwete.

Kana zviitiko zvisingatarisirwi, guarantor inokwana zvakakwana maererano neArt. 395 Civil Code yeRussian Federation.

Kurongwa

Mhando dzevimbiso yekuzvimiririra ndeyotevera:

• Kuchengetedzwa kwezvisungo zviri pasi petete.
• Kuvimbisa kusungirwa kwezvisungo.
• Chigwaro chezvisungo pamubhadharo wekubhadhara.

Paunopedzisa rudzi urwu rwekutengeserana, mamiriro ezvinhu ose ekugumisa kambani inomanikidzwa:

• Haikwanisi kuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu unilaterally.
• Kurambidzwa kwekuyeuka.
• Funga kusakosha pasina kubvumirana nemapoka ose.

Uyo ane chikwereti ane kodzero yekupa mvumo yayo, kana yakataurwa nechibvumirano. Zvakakosha kurongedza izvi nemutongi, awana mvumo kubva kwaari. Mukuwedzera, kupa basa rinokosha, sekutonga, kunosanganisira kukwanisa kodzero dzose.

Panguva imwecheteyo, kana chibvumirano chiri nechimiro chisingaverengeki, saka kodzero dzemubatsiri dzakachengeterwa kwaari chero zvipi zvayo kunyange nemvumo yegurindi.

Kukundikana kunonzwisisika

Mupi wekodzero ane kodzero yekuramba kuisa mari (kwete kuita mabasa) munyaya dzinotevera:

1. Zvinotarisirwa hazvienderani nezvibvumirano.
2. Mapepa akaendeswa haatenderane nemitemo yakakodzera, mitemo yekuregeresa, zvakagadzirwa.
3. Izwi rechivimbiso rakapera.

Panguva imwecheteyo, mutongi anopa mukana wekuwedzera nguva kusvikira mazuva manomwe mumatambudziko anotevera:

• Kuvapo kwekusava nechokwadi mubhuku rezvinyorwa zvakarongwa.
• Izwi remvumo haina kuuya.
• Kuzadzika kwezvinodiwa nemukuru.
• Kutora zviremera zvakakanganiswa.

Muchiitiko icho kusava nechokwadi kusati kwasimbiswa, guarantor inotanga kuzadzisa zvose zviri pasi pesangano. Kana kubvunzwa kuri kugamuchirwa nemurengeti kubva kune chikwereti, wekutanga anotarisirwa kuzivisa mukuru pamusoro peiyo munguva yemberi iri mberi.

Kuguma kwechibvumirano

Mukana wakapiwa na guarantor unorasikirwa nemutemo mumatambudziko anotevera:

• Kupera kwechibvumirano.
• Mari yacho yakabhadharwa nemunhu ane chikwereti akazara.
• Mutero wacho akaramba zvose zvaidiwa.
• Munhu ane chikwereti pane zvakanyorwa akabudisa chikwereti kubva pakuita mabasa.

Iyi nyaya inodzorwa neArt. 378 Civil Code yeRussian Federation. Mukana wekugadziriswa kwechibvumirano chakazvimiririra, mutariri anofanirwa kuzivisa akakwereta pamusoro payo. Mukana wakapiwa unobatsira kuwedzera kuwanda kwemari yechikwereti uye masangano ebhengi, uye vagari venyika, uyewo, vanozarura mikana mitsva yekuwana zvikwereti uye zvikwereti.