Sechivako mhosva Russia

являются предметом изучения множества наук. Concept, mamiriro utsotsi ndivo musoro muzvizhinji of Sciences. Mukati chirango neimwe aongorora chaizvo zvine chokuita chinonakidza. Pakupedzisira vavariro tsvakurudzo ndiko kutanga dzinobudirira kurwisa mhosva. Izvi runowanikwa urongwa nzvimbo dzinokosha, zvakajeka zvinangwa, zvirongwa yemabasa, uye kuvandudza vatevedzere mutemo uye kudzivirira. . Nokuti pachisara siyana kunobva mashoko, apo airatidza mamiriro, mamiriro, simba mhosva. We inotevera zvinhu izvi zvakadzama.

Chakakoshera mubvunzo

Mhosva iri yakaoma socio-pamutemo chakajairika kare kugadzikana. It achiumbwa imwe yakatarwa pakati vakaita mabasa mune imwe nguva muna State, nharaunda kana nyika. Utsotsi zvinosanganisira siyana okunze. Vamwe vavo kuratidza quantitative zvechadenga Chiitiko, mumwe - yepamusoro. . Vapedzisira Somuenzaniso, zvinosanganisira kwemhosva mamiriro. Sezvakataurwa kumusoro, kudzidza Fani iyi rinoitwa mukati sayenzi rwevamwe. Somuenzaniso, mutemo mhosva anopa zvinodiwa mamwe mabasa, asi Code kutaura muitiro uye hurongwa kuferefeta. Forensics anoongorora nzira kuunganidza umbowo, yokugadzirisa mhosva. Psychiatry uye mishonga forensic kudzidza kufarira uye nezvainoita ezvinhu nyaya mhosva. Wemagariro evanhu kuona nzvimbo uye basa Chiitiko uye yenhengo dzayo mumagakava upenyu. Nhamba Legal zvinopa chizvidavirire kutyorwa nezviyero kuvabvisa. Kudzidza mananara inozivikanwa multidimensional.

kunobva mashoko

– важнейшие категории в анализе. Level, mamiriro, simba kwemhosva - chinhu muboka rinokosha iri kuongorora. Nokuti avo tsvakurudzo kunobudirira unodiwa kusarudza zvakarurama zvinyorwa kupa kuti magetsi parameters. Data kuongorora kunogona kuwanikwa:

1. Of Statistical mishumo.
2. Card chepuraimari nhoroondo.
3. Socio-wevanotungamirira, zvoupfumi, uye dzimwe nhamba.
4. Generalizing zvinhu zviri mhosva uye mhosva mhosva.
5. Zvakabuda socio-mupfungwa tsvakurudzo.
6. Survey date kuti angaratidza.
7. Zvakabuda zvakawanika uye kuedza.

Statistical mishumo

находится в сфере внимания правоохранительных органов. Utsotsi mamiriro mu Russia iri ainyanya kutarisirwa vatevedzere mutemo. Bazi Affairs Internal, Muchuchisi Hofisi uye nemamwe masangano zvinoumba Statistical mishumo vakanyorwa mabasa, vanhu vakaita navo. mabasa akafanana anoitwa kumatare nezvakatongwa masimba. Mishumo izvi zvinopa Statistical ruzivo pamusoro Kuronga angaratidza, nhamba masangano munyaya basa, ivo marangirwo.

Report makadhi

Zvinyorwa izvi zvinoratidza ruzivo pamusoro yakananga mhosva uye mugari akaita izvozvo. Card Nhoroondo yacho inopa mamwe mashoko pane imwe Statistical mushumo. The yokupedzisira achiumbwa pachishandiswa zvikuru mashoko. Zvisinei, mune Statistical mashoko aripo anenge 30% mashoko yakaratidza iri pakadhi.

generalizing zvinhu

Mhosva, mapepa, mafomu anogona kuongororwa zvokusarudza kana kuramba nenzira. Last zvakaita apo vashoma mhosva. Kusarudza kudzidza kunosanganisira pokugadzwa nhamba nyaya, kutsunga mharidzo saizi. Chero zvazvingava, kuongorora zvinhu zvinofanira nechokwadi representativeness. Izvi kunoda kota waungapa. Nokuda kwaari yakaratidza nhamba chaiyo mabasa ari mukuru maumbirwo mhosva.

Kumwewo: mamirire

анализируются по ведомственным и государственным статистическим материалам. Padanho kwemhosva muenzaniso inoongorora kuti departmental uye hurumende nhamba. Ivo, zvikurukuru, ane ruzivo pamusoro muropa nezvinodhaka, zvidhakwa, vanhu pasina zvechigarire nzvimbo yokugara. Mishumo yakadaro rine ruzivo pamusoro siyana mhosva. Zviratidzi ose socio-wevanotungamirira, zvoupfumi nenhamba inoshandiswa kuverenga mwero mhosva.

iyezvino matambudziko

в статистических отчетах, учетных документах отражены неполно. Pasinei munhu asi anoyevedza mari zvinyorwa, mamiriro uye nesimba kuti mhosva Statistical mishumo, chizvidavirire magwaro ane kukwana. Vari kwakavakirwa kunyoresa Data pamusoro zvakananga zvomufambiro. Kunyanya, chokwadi pachavo zvinonyorwa zvakananga mhosva basa, munhu nokuutakura, wacho uwandu kukuvara. Analysis mashoko uye Statistical mashoko ari kakawanda kukwana kuziva zvinokonzera Chiitiko, kukura inzwi matanho kurwisa nayo. Izvi imhaka yokuti zvinoratidzwa nhamba haisi mhosva yose. Pane akavanzika, Isimba rakadini rinogona kubudiswa divi rake. Nhamba dzinoratidza chete kuwanda kuzivikanwa masangano aipikisana mutemo vari nekusimba mhosva. The uwandu yakakamurwa muzvikwata zviviri:

1. Masangano anosunungurwa kubva kuita maererano ezvinhu sezvo migumisiro asiri vapore zvinhu KDN uye zvichingodaro.
2. Vagari nyaya mabasa vanotumwa kudare. chikamu ichi inosanganisira nemhosva uye mhosva vanhu, uyewo inobereka nokuda kudarika izvo agumisa kana kunoda mamwe kuongorora.

State mhosva mamiriro

Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, mashoko uchimutarira kuti chiitiko ichi riri kuitwa Qualitative uye quantitative unhu. представляет собой параметр, отражающий долю и соотношение разных типов деяний в совокупном их количестве за конкретный временной промежуток на данной территории. Utsotsi mamiriro anomirira parameter tichiratidza chikamu chiduku uye nhamba nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana nezvaanoita yaipedzerwa navo nguva nguva iri mundima dzakapiwa. Ichi uwandu chinhu quantitative unhu. The chikuru chinhu pamusoro kuongorora ndiyo mhando kwemhosva. The mamiriro kunotemwa nokuenzanisa mapoka akasiyana anoita differentiable criminological kana zviri pamutemo zvinodiwa. Sezvo chiratidzo chakadaro, Somuenzaniso, uri:

1. Motivational nemagariro nemunhu.
2. Social uye boka sezvamunoita.
3. The hunhu uye mwero njodzi.
4. Kutsiga mhosva basa.

Maererano zvinodiwa izvi, mapoka yezviito:

1. Economic.
2. Political.
3. Takarongwa.
4. Environmental.
5. Chisimba.
6. Udyire.
7. By vakuru.
8. Corruption.
9. Zvakaitwa vechiuto.
10. Vasina kungwarira.
11. Kwakaitwa vakadzi.
12. Kwemaune.
13. Akaita nevanhu pasi pemakore 18 okuberekwa.

Key parameters

определяется по качественно-количественной характеристике общественной опасности, особенностей, имеющих значение в процессе организации профилактических мероприятий и дифференциации практики использования уголовно-правовых средств и мер. Utsotsi mamiriro vagara vandifungira Qualitative uye quantitative characterization kwezvirongwa ngozi, kunyanya kushanda mu sangano matanho, uye Kusiyanisa wokushandiswa mhosva mutemo rinoreva uye zviyero. Chinokosha parameters ndiwo:

1. Nhamba regiravhiti wavo anoita.
2. Kuenzanisa encroachments pamusoro kupatsanura dzakapiwa chaiyo chikamu mutemo mhosva.
3. Huwandu yakajairika kutyorwa.
4. Nhamba nemapoka mhosva panguva hwakapararira motivational nemunhu. Mupfungwa iyi kusiyanisa kutyaira, udyire uye nevamwe.
5. деяний, совершенных лицами до 18 лет. Dzakananga uremu ari maumbirwo mhosva mhosva zvakaitwa vanhu pasi pemakore 18.
6. Mugove boka dzepabonde. . Mukati muchikwata ichi zvinonyatsorondedzera mamiriro vezvikwata zvematsotsi.
7. Street kurwisa.
8. Transnational zviito.
9. Crime mutengo.
10. Share zviito akakonzera zvisiri pamutemo kutengesa zvombo.
11. Mugove zvazvo.
12. Share mabasa chokuita madhiragi kutengesa.
13. Jogirafi kwemhosva. Zvikurukuru, isu vanoongorora kuparadzira maitiro mudunhu uye mhando okutarisira miganhu dzakabatana.

kuongorora

будет изучена настолько глубоко, насколько точно будут определены основания исследования. Utsotsi mamiriro chichange kudzidzwa zvakadzama zvakarurama kurondedzerwa se tsvakurudzo nhandare. Funga muenzaniso. Ngatitii kuongorora maumbirwo yevaduku. Kana mabasa ose vanhu pasi pemakore 18 achatorwa sezvo 100%, zvino zvinoratidza yavo kufarira maererano miganhu kuparadzira, unogona kuisa mashoko dzakananga nharaunda umo zvinowanza. Saizvozvowo, inoongorora sechivako yokupara mhosva imwe nzvimbo. % Mabasa Vachitora sezvo 100 zvinoratidza munzanga uye zera mapoka pamwe mhosva uye kunonyanyisa ukuwo, kuroorana musi hombe dzinoverengeka kuedza. Kuti tizive nhamba imwe genus, mhando kana mhando mhosva, unofanira kushandisa inotevera mukana wokuti vanhu vanga:

C = U: V X 100%, sezvamakaropafadzwa

• C - mugove zviito;
• U - kukosha imwe mhando, mhando, howa kuvhiringidza pamusoro munharaunda imwe nguva;
• V - Vhoriyamu zvisiri pamutemo zviito munharaunda nokuda iyoyowo.

Yezvakaita chinonakidza

Zvinoratidza mugove mabasa zvikuru ngozi. chakarurama Izvi kuitwawo vanhu mhosva. Maererano chikamu ichi chinoitwa pakutsvaga dhigirii nengozi maererano kuwanda infringements semhosva "dzakakomba," uye "chakakomba kwazvo." Dzakananga giravhiti rinowanikwa maererano mukana wokuti vanhu vanga:

D = U: V X 100%, sezvamakaropafadzwa

• D - chakapatsanurwa zvakakomba kuvhiringidza;
• U - uwandu mabasa akadai;
• V - ukoshi kuratidza uwandu mhosva dzakaipisisa.

jogirafi

An ukoshi rinokosha rine Utsotsi spatial kuparadzirwa kumatunhu akasiyana. Location kuvhiringidza inomirira nzvimbo-nguva parameter. Rinobatanidzwa ne chaizvo pakati kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana munyika, imwe nyika, ayo administrative dzakabatana rine vanhu, ayo mamiriro uye Vakazopinda pasi. On the nenzvimbo kuparadzirwa riri kukanganiswa muchimiro sangano roupenyu vemo, zvinhu zvavo basa uye upenyu, tsika uye kutandara, National uye nhoroondo tsika.

Somuenzaniso, kana tiri kuongorora Nhamba iri apasi soro kukura zvazvingava akanyorwa (vakanyorwa) mashoko pamusoro Zviitiko wandei kumatunhu Russia, zvichava zvakajeka kuva pachena kuti Mari El kwemakore anotora nzvimbo unoenda iri kunonyanyisa kusimba mhosva. Kusiyana neizvi, maererano chizvidavirire miviri iri Karachay-Cherkessia zvinhu zvikuru akabudirira. A kanoda miganhu kuparadzirwa kubatikana marongerwo uye nesimba kwemhosva. Jogirafi dzakasiyana mapoka encroachments ari mugove wavo zvachose vhoriyamu upi vatadza mwero kukura / kuderera unokubvumira kuisa zvinokosha mune criminological Tichitevera panofamba, uyewo avo zvinokonzera.

Tinyatsonzwisisa nezvepanyama kuchinja

Dynamics mhosva - parameter inoratidza kuchinja utsotsi chivako akafanorongerwa kumwedzi. Izvi zvinogona kuva nguva imwe, vatatu, shanu, makore gumi, uye zvichingodaro. , находится под влиянием факторов, объединенных в две группы. Temporary kuchinja anotarisana kwemhosva mamiriro zvinokonzerwa zvinhu, kukabatanidzwa muzvikwata zviviri. Wokutanga kuri zvinhu uye zvikonzero nokuita zvisizvo, wevanotungamirira Kuronga vemo uye nedzimwe mananara munzanga uye muitiro. Mugore rechipiri boka vari kuchinja nemutadzi mutemo, nokuda iyo akawedzera kana nhete kukura zvisina kufanira mhosva uye kururamiswa characterization uye kupatsanura kuvhiringidza.

The Statistical mufananidzo

Mune Kuongororwa zvikuru kukosha ndiwo Kusiyanisa pamutemo uye magariro zvinhu pamusoro. Kuparadzana Izvi zvakakodzera kuwana kunoda kuti tinyatsonzwisisa kuchinja mune simba kwemhosva uye fungidziro. Kuwedzera kana kudzikisa mhosva imhaka ezvinhu akasiyana. The simba pamusoro simba uye zvemagariro marongerwo uye padanho kwemhosva, uye kugadzirisa zviri pamutemo kuti dzepamutemo zvechadenga kukanganisa. The Statistical mufananidzo iri chokuita kunyatsoshanda zviyero zvainanga mangwanani kuziva uye kunyoresa mabasa avo kuburitsa uye kugadzwa vaishungurudza, achivimbisa pekusadziviririka yokurangwa.

kukura rate

Ivo akaverenga maererano dzinokosha rinomutsa parameters. Data kwemakore zvichienzaniswa dzose. Sezvazvakanyorwa anomira huwandu mhosva kwokutanga munguva. chidobi Izvi zvinoita kuti pave comparability hama parameters - muzana reshiyo tichiratidza ezvinhu hwakazotevera nguva zvikamu wambotaurwa ndivo. The 100% chepakutanga kuita kwegore. All Zvakazoitwa nguva anoratidza chete kubva muzana kuwedzera. Kushandisa hama date anobvisa nyaya kutaurirana dziine kuwedzera kana kudzikisa rine vanhu kwakasvika zera akabvumira kushandisa mhosva mirango. Kuwedzera kwemhosva vhoriyamu vakaratidza kuva chikamu uye ane "+" chiratidzo, kuderera - "-".

umbirimi

mamirire aya ari nhamba infringements chakaitwa nenhengo dzavo panyaya imwe vakawanda (10 kana 100 zviuru vagari Somuenzaniso). The kuchinyanya rinoratidza padanho mhosva uye mhosva basa nyaya. The kuongorora anofanira kufungawo wandei nuances. Chinhu chokutanga kufunga kuti kwebasa rinofanira vakawanda vanogara haagoni kunzi Zvemazvirokwazvo ichokwadi. Izvi imhaka yokuti pane iyi, yose kwemhosva kwaizoratidzwa zvaizopedza kubudikidza tichiregeredza vagari, vasati asvika zera mhosva mirango kwavari rinogona kushandiswa, uyewo nyaya vakuru makore 60. The yokupedzisira, sezvo tsika zvinoratidzwa, havana mhosva chaizvo basa. Saizvozvowo, Mapoka aya vanhu vanofanira kunze dzemaitirwe. Factor tsunga kwakavakirwa vakawanda, runoonekwa kuti kwete chete zvikuru chinangwa, asi kwakafanana. Kunoitawo kuti kuenzanisa mhosva dzakasiyana munyika, kumatunhu, maguta. coefficient ichi ndiyo vavariro parameter. Zvinoita kuti zvikuru asingasaruri tinyatsonzwisisa ufanane rinomutsa kunorondedzerwa nokuwanda vagari.

Sechivako chehurongwa mhosva

Group kurwiswa vari muboka sezvo yakaoma uye multi-pamwero mhosva. AI chikwereti vakakumbirwa kuziva nhanho nhatu akasiyana mhosva dzakadaro:

1. Lower. Panguva iyi sandara, kunyange zvazvo chiito chakaitwa kwakarongerwa muviri vanhu, asi pasinei cohesion haina kuva zvakaoma kunzwisisa. Muboka hapana kuparadzirwa yakajeka mashandiro anoita mamaneja uye execute.
2. Chechipiri pamwero kunoratidzwa hierarchical kuvakwa vanoverengeka mapoka, uye conglomerate yavo yakaumbwa dzimwe nguva. A pachena chinoratidza nokuwadzana ichi ndechokuti vachishingaira kuzvirega zvichikanganisa munzanga masangano uye kushandisa kuti mhosva zvinangwa.
3. On nemutadzi kwezvakatipoteredza akasikwa rechitatu chechetere. Vatungamiriri Group vakabatana munharaunda. Panguva iyi rinopera bazi nhungamiro mashandiro tsika uye zvakananga Kupinda ane chaicho chiito. Vatungamiri mumamiriro ezvinhu kazhinji haana mune mhosva. Vanova nevakawanda zvokuita, urongwa uye vanopa Kutsigirana.

Zvinhu pezvivako zvinogona achimiririrwa mubatanidzwa Links ayo: musangano utariri, uye achiita upiyona.

MARARAMIRO amplification kriminogennosti

Apfuura mashoma apfuura, vainyatsotarisirwa mutemo vatevedzere mamiriro dzinokwezva mhosva dzechisimba. Dzimwe nyanzvi dziri kuti pfungwa kuti kwakabva kurwiswa izvi dzomuShoko kunyanya kusaruramisira zvinhu zvimwe vanhu uye mapoka evanhu ino. Izvi, maererano nenyanzvi, tibvunze kuti hurumende nechisimba. The kukura kurwiswa kwakadaro imhaka:

1. A chinokosha Kushatiswa kuitika muvanhu.
2. Kuvhiringidzwa vamwe chikonzero, magariro mufambo.

Kudzikira munzanga zvichiguma mukaha pakati zvido chaidzo uye mikana dzichiwedzera akaipa zvavo. Izviwo, anoumba pasi kukura uwandu criminogenic kusawirirana kuti vakatsunga nechisimba.

mhedziso

Public ngozi vagari vazhinji ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha kutyisidzira. Achifuridzirwa kutya vazhinji vasina simba uye kunogumbura. Vhunduka demoralizes munhu zvichiita asingakwanisi kukunda matambudziko. The tsotsi ezvinhu aripo nhasi, achiri zvashata. Izvi kunonyanya kukonzerwa ndechokuti kwemhosva zvinokonzerwa aivapo kupokanidzana munzanga.

Mumabhuku, pane maonero nokururamisira zvakanaka yakasimbiswa kuti akaipa ezvinhu munyika ndivo zvekungofungira kunaka, izvo chokuita nezvokukura mhosva. Vanopikisa aya, akavapindurawo, vari nyasha chokuti zvimwewo zvinoitika chete havagoni kupa pave mhosva. Saizvozvowo, magariro evanhu haasi ayo chinokonzera. External zvinhu chete anogona kukonzera basa yezvigumbuso. mhedziso iyi Zvinosarudzwa panyaya imwe kukanganisa.

Kutaura zvazviri, utsotsi hariwanikwi pasina kuda munhu. Uyezve, mune imwe magariro evanhu, kwete munhu mumwe nomumwe anosarudza ramangwana mhosva pachavo. Vasawira tsotsi kwezvakatipoteredza pachena kunyanya vaya vane zvimwe zvikanganiso pamutemo kuziva. Ivowo, zvinokonzerwa pokuperevedza okutanga dzidzo. Muchirevo chechinyorwa chino, musoro kufunga kuti zvinokonzera mhosva maitiro hadzina kuumbwa mune rimwe danho uye kwete pasi pokudzora boka ezvinhu, uye rose akagadzirwa zvinoita, uye kwenguva pfupi yakareba.