Kudzivirirwa International kodzero dzevanhu munyika UN mugadziriro

Pasinei chinokosha munyika yose mberi Pfungwa pamusoro dzemunharaunda uye mitemo pamusoro dzevanhu, vari Implementation kwavo, pane maburi makuru. mutemo mumwe uye mudzimba mari havakwanisi kuva nechokwadi kuti kodzero kuva chaichoicho, tinofanirawo nechokwadi kuremekedza mutemo wayo kushanda muupenyu. Zviri pakushaiwa iyi kwekodzero dzevanhu munyika yose. Chokwadi, rinoti vane mitemo yavo pachavo uye obyaannosti zaschischayut kodzero idzi, asi ivo nguva dzose kuzvishandisa? The zvigadziriswe kudzivirira ichi chinogona kushandiswa huchiti izvi mabasa anoteererwa.

Mushure nyika muhondo muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri - kunyanya rechipiri - zvakava pachena kuti kodzero uye rusununguko murume kutonetsa ezvidzidzo mumutemo National - zvinotyisa mhosva, kwevanhu uye vachiurayiwa dzaiitwa nevanhu vakasiyana hwoudzvinyiriri muEurope neAsia nokuda mitemo, asi mitemo iyi zvachose havana kunyorerana kodzero uye rusununguko. Naizvozvo, United Nations akafunga kuti zviri zvikuru kutevedzera pose kuti zvakadini kuremekedza kodzero dzevanhu panguva senyika. Saka, yemarudzi kwekodzero dzevanhu vakanga vava Kuisa sangano idzva.

Zvinogona kunzi United Nations aripo uye realizutsya siyana mitambo mumunda dzevanhu kudzivirirwa. Zviri nokuti mamiriro chaiwo uyu anogona kukuudza kuti kuongorora, mazano, vanobatsira States mukati United Nations maitiro, sezvo vaifanira kutsigira uye kuremekedza kodzero dzevanhu munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, uye kunyange kuongorora sei inoti kuzadzikisa munzwewo dzavo. Masimba izvi UN masangano dzinobva dzemarudzi nokubatira UN nhengo inotaura. On hwaro ichi, kuti vaite dzakawanda pamutemo kwekodzero dzevanhu.

Chokutanga, ichi ndicho mashandiro weUN General Assembly, uyewo rinokosha Council of Economic uye Social Affairs, iro iye anotungamirira. Council ichi (ECOSOC) anoita mishumo kuti vanoumba hwaro kubatanidza dzakasiyana-siyana chakasimba uye matambudziko nyaya chokuita mhirizhonga kwekodzero dzevanhu munyika wenyaya yacho General Assembly. nyaya dzakadaro vangapawo siyana anoti ari UN, uyewo Secretary General. kudzivirirwa International kodzero dzevanhu kuburikidza ino simba nokuti chisarudzo General Assembly kuti hurumende havasi kunyorerana uye recommendatory. Zvisinei, havana dzinobva nenhungamiro mutemo dzakawanda dzinoshanda nenzira mumatare.

Chimwe chikamu zvitunha ECOSOC, iyo anoita mashandiro kodzero dzevanhu, anogona kunzi Commission on Human Rights, vakasikwa forties remakore rapfuura. Gore negore, zviso kwevhiki nhanhatu. chaiwo Vamiriri Her gadzirira zvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana pamusoro chokwadi kana vakakanganisa dzakawanda zvibvumirwano sezvo vanoremekedzwa vehurumende kodzero uye rusununguko, kodzero dzevakadzi uye zviduku, hazvina pasi munhu dzerusarura pamusana ganda ruvara, rudzi, chitendero, kana zvimwe zvinhu. Kuwedzera tsvakurudzo, Komisheni anofanira kutevedzera kugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu.

zvigadziriswe International kodzero dzevanhu nedziviriro 1976 vakanga Akazadzisa chitarisiko UN Committee chaiwo, uyo anoshanda mumunda kodzero dzevanhu. Vanosanganisira Nyanzvi kubva kunyika dzakasiyana-siyana, vane yakakwirira mukurumbira mumunda tsika uye vari nyanzvi kodzero uye rusununguko Kuziva uye kudzivirirwa yavo. Committee anonzwa mishumo States pane mamiriro ezvinhu umo kodzero dzevanhu uye ruremekedzo kuti kuvaita kuti siyana mhinduro, uko hurumende vanosungirwa kupindura. Dare iri kunogona achinyunyuta kuti nevanhu kutyorwa kodzero dzavo uye norusununguko. Kufunga kunyunyuta, Dare asarudza uye rinokurudzira kuti inofanira kupiwa hurumende kuchinja mutemo uye tsika, kuitira kudzivisa kutyorwa.

kwekodzero dzevanhu munyika UN gadziriro International rinoitwa uyewo vamwe miviri pakubata kodzero mapoka chaiwo evanhu: vakadzi, vana, uye zvichingodaro. The International Criminal Court kuti 2000s kwave zvakakura mhosva dzevanhu zvakaitwa vanhu, avo vari simba - zvakadai hondo mhosva, kwevanhu kana mhosva pamusoro pavanhu, uye zvinhu zvakadaro. Sezvo mumakore achangopfuura, UN maitiro, iyo kunodzivirira kodzero munhu vakatsoropodza chaizvo kubva kumativi akasiyana nokuda kwayo yainetsa uye va neudhadha, kunyanya mune dambudziko ezvinhu, paiva nzvimbo dzakadai UN High Commissioner - kunyanya pamusoro kodzero dzevanhu, kodzero vapoteri anogona kushanda mumamiriro ezvinhu muhondo.