Khazars - zviri vanhu? Ancient uye ano Khazars. Vazukuru Khazars

Ancient uye Ages nhoroondo yevanhu akabata zvakavanzika zhinji. Kunyange panguva ino nenhanho michina kudzidza akawanda nyaya vachiripo mavara machena.

Ndivanaani vaiva Khazars? Uyu ndiwo mumwe mabasa avo pasina mhinduro yakajeka. Tinoziva zvishoma pamusoro pavo, asi kunyange kana isu kuunganidza zvose huripo kutaurwa rudzi urwu, zvinova zvakatowanda mibvunzo.

Ngatitaurei kuzivana pedyo pamwe izvi zvinonakidza vanhu.

ndivo Khazars Who

rudzi urwu - iri Khazars - kutanga kutaurwa Chinese manyuko sorutivi chavagari umambo zvikuru Huns. Vatsvakurudzi akatungamirira hypotheses vanoverengeka nezvemavambo enyika ethnonym uye yemadzitateguru kumusha ari Khazars.

Ngatitangei kubata zita. Mudzi "mbudzi" mumitauro yakawanda Central Asia ndiro nhevedzano mashoko anoenderana nomadism. Shanduro iyi zvinoita zvikuru anobata, nekuti vamwe ndeinotevera. Farsi "Khazars" rinoreva "zviuru", vaRoma akadana Kesari zvaKesari uye vokuTurkey kunzwisisa neshoko mwoyo.

Yemadzitateguru musha vari kuedza kuona Pandakangowana zvinyorwa, iyo taurai Khazars. Where madzitateguru avo vakararama, vaiva rinotevera-musuo vavakidzani? No mhinduro chaiwo kusvikira ikozvino.

Kune zvitatu noenderana dzidziso. Wokutanga inokurukura madzitateguru avo Uighurs, wechipiri - the Hun marudzi Akatsirs, uye chetatu vanowanzomuitira kudavira kuti Hazaras - vazukuru yemadzinza kwomubatanidzwa Ogur uye Savirs.

Like kana kwete, zvakaoma kupindura. Chimwe chinhu chiri pachena. Kwakabva Khazars uye mavambo kuwedzera zvavo kumavirira nokuda kunyika iyo vakadana Barsils.

Taura mashoko akanyorwa

Kana isu ongorora mashoko kubva manotsi panguva, zvakare, zvinoitika kuvhiringidzika.

Kudivi rimwe, huripo matsime akati kuti ari Khazar Khanate aiva simba umambo. Kune vamwe - nematomhu avo mashoko kuti huri manotsi revafambi, kungava zvachose achienzanisira.

Zvinemazvo kupi, iyo inoratidza mamiriro ezvinhu munyika, runoonekwa Hagan kunyorerana Spanish anoremekedzwa Hasdai ibn Shaprut. Vaitaura ari kunyora nyaya chechiJudha. The Spaniard aiva Wenyika, vari kuziva hwacho yechiJudha kuti aripo, maererano vatengesi, pedyo neGungwa reCaspian.

Muna matatu tsamba ane ngano pamusoro apo Khazars yekare akaenda - pfupiso maguta enyika, magariro evanhu uye mamiriro ezvoupfumi.
Kumwewo, akadai yaMakoronike Russian, Arabic, Persian nemamwe magwaro kazhinji tsanangura chete zvinokonzera, kosi uye migumisiro omunzvimbo kurwisana nemauto panguva miganhu.

The jogirafi of Khazars

Kagan Iosif Mutsamba yake anoti, uko kwave Khazars, apo marudzi aya pane kuita kurarama. Ngationgororei zvakadzama tsananguro.

Zvino, umambo akawedzera nguva kubudirira makurusa Southern Bug River kuGungwa Aral uye Mountains eCaucasus kune Volga pedyo Latitude eguta Murom.

Munzvimbo iyi taigara madzinza akawanda. Sango uye dondo munzvimbo vakapararira yaigadziriswa nzira kurima iri inowanzorimwa - anongofamba. Mukuwedzera, pedyo neGungwa reCaspian yave vazhinji yemizambiringa.

The pakukura guta, iro rinotaura Hagan mutsamba yake, akanga sezvinotevera. Capital - Itil, yakanga dzapasi kunosvika of Volga. Sarkel (rusichi akaitumidza White Vezhey) iri Don, uye Samandar uye Belenjer - pamhenderekedzo kweGungwa reCaspian.

Simuka Kaganate rinotanga pashure pokufa Turkic hwacho pakati remakore rechinomwe AD. Panguva ino, Khazar madzitateguru vaigara munzvimbo Derbent ano muna Dagestan mumapani. Nokudaro kuwedzera kuchamhembe, kumavirira nokumaodzanyemba.

Mushure kubatwa of Crimea Khazars vakagara mundima ino. Akanga kuzvibatanidza ethnonym ichi zvikuru refu. Kunyange nenhanhatu remakore Genoese anotaurwa kweItari se "Gazara".

Saka Khazars - kubatana yemadzinza Turkic, vakakwanisa kusika zvikuru rakasimba mamiriro muArabhu munhau.

zvaidavirwa kaganate

Nokuti kuti umambo raiva pamharadzano dzenzira dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana, tsika uye zvitendero, yava hwakafanana Bhabhironi Ages.

Sezvo vakawanda vanogara Khanate vakanga Turkic marudzi, vakawanda vakanamata Tengri Khan. Kudavira uku zvichiri zvakachengetwa Central Asia.

Ziva Kaganate kuchiJudha, saka ichiri kunzi kuti Khazars - vaJudha. Zvisinei, ichi hachisi chokwadi zvachose, nokuti chitendero vaizviti chete chidukuduku rukoko vemo.

Uye mamiriro vakanga inomirirwa nevaKristu uye vaMuslim. Nokuda kundikana kurwisa vechiArabhu caliphs okupedzisira emakore ose Khanate, Islam anowana rusununguko muumambo hwacho.

Asi nei kuomesa tenda kuti Khazars - ndivo vaJudha? The ungangotarisa chikonzero iri ngano, chinorondedzerwa mutsamba kuna Josefa. Anoudza Hasdai kuti Orthodox uye vakakumbirwa kuti kusarudza chitendero ehurumende mupristi weKaturike uye rabhi. Ekupedzisira vaigona zvose nharo uye vabvume Hagan wake boka racho zvakarurama.

Hondo vavakidzani

Nzendo kuti Khazars vanorondedzerwa zvizere yenhau Russian uye Arab zvinyorwa zvechiuto. Caliphate akarwira pesvedzero kuCaucasus, uye Slavs, kune rumwe rutivi, vaishora nokuda kumaodzanyemba vaitengesa varanda, vaivapamba misha, pane dzimwe - kusimbisa kumiganhu yayo okumabvazuva.

Muchinda wokutanga, uyo akarwa Khazar Khanate akanga Wouprofita Oleg. Akakwanisa kuvhara dzimwe nyika uye vakamanikidzwa kuti kubhadhara mutero kuna pachavo uye kwete Khazars.

ruzivo kunakidza pamusoro kungofamba Sviatoslav, mwanakomana Igor uye Olga. Iye, ari unyanzvi murwi uye akachenjera wehondo, yaingoda kwekuneta hwacho uye akabata munhu unorema akundwa kwaari.

Akaunganidza mauto pasi Volga uye akatora Itil. Next Sarkel vakabatwa pamusoro Don uye Samandar pamusoro reCaspian egungwa. Ichi kamwe uye simba kuwedzera kwakaparadza aimbova simba umambo.

Pashure paizvozvo, Svyatoslav yakatanga yakasimbiswa munzvimbo iyi. Fort yakavakwa pamusoro nzvimbo White Tower Sarkel kuzviuru mutero vyatichi - rudzi, bordered kurutivi rumwe chete Russia panorumwe - pamwe Khazars.

An dzinonakidza chokwadi ndiye, nokuti zvose pachena kukakavara uye hondo muKiev kwenguva refu nguva akamira kukupfura Khazar varwi. In "zvakaedza zvekare Years" inotaurwa turakiti Kozara muguta guru Russia. Raiva pedyo confluence of Dnieper River Pochaina.

rudzi rwose akaita kupi

Kukunda, Chokwadi, zvazvinoita yevagari, asi zvinokosha kuziva kuti pashure pokukundwa ari Slavs maguta makuru Kaganate ruzivo pamusoro vanhu ava apere. Havazivi taura shoko chete chero zvinyorwa.

The kupfuura fungidzira mhinduro yacho mubvunzo vatsvakurudzi funga zvinotevera. Somunhu Turkic dzinza, kuti Khazars vakakwanisa nezvairehwa pamwe nevavakidzani pamusoro munharaunda reCaspian.

Nhasi, masayendisiti anodavira kuti huru gobvu chemhinduro mudunhu, vamwe vakasara Crimea, uye chinhu chakanaka pakati Khazars vakatamira Central Europe. Ikoko vakakwanisa vabatane pamwe misha yevaJudha vaigara munharaunda kwePoland ano, Hungary, Western Ukraine.

Saka, dzimwe mhuri pamwe nemidzi dzechiJudha uye madzitateguru munyika ino, unogona neimwe nzira kudana pachavo "vazukuru Khazars."

Zvisaririra muna Archaeology

Vanochera matongo vanoti zvinonyatsoteerera kuti Khazars - a saltovo-mayaki. Muna 1927 dzinounzwa Gauthier. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, kambani iri vachishingaira zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo tsvakurudzo.
Zita tsika yakanga pamusana zvakafanana. zvakawanikwa pamusoro sezvivako maviri.

Chokutanga - yokugara iri Upper Saltov Kharkiv nharaunda, uye wechipiri - Mayaki kugarwa muna Voronezh mudunhu.

Pfungwa, zvakawanikwa chokuita dzinza of Alans vaigara munzvimbo iyi kubva wechisere remakore rechigumi. Zvisinei, midzi vanhu ava vari North Caucasus, saka anokurukura zvakananga chete Khazar Khanate.

Vatsvakurudzi akagoverana Zvakawanikwa marudzi maviri vakavigwa. Forest Ipfungwa - Alanian uye inowanzorimwa - Bulgarian, izvo zvinosanganisira Khazars.

vana zvinobvira

Vazukuru Khazars - ndeimwe chena gwapa pakati vanhu kudzidza. The dambudziko riri pakuti kuronda kutsivana kwakaoma zvisingaiti.

Saltovo-mayaki sezvo vakadaro zvakarurama kuratidza upenyu Alans uye Bulgars. The Khazars vakanyorwa mu zvimiso, sezvazviri Zvivako avo vashoma chaizvo. Kutaura zvazviri, vari chero. Akanyorwa se "nyarara" pashure pamushandirapamwe Svyatoslav. Naizvozvo zvakafanira kuti kuvimba vagari pfungwa matongo, nyanzvi dzemitauro uye vanodzidza nezvavanhu.

Kusvika panguva ungangotarisa vazukuru Khazars - Kumyks. Zviri Turkic vaitaura vanhu North eCaucasus. Kunosanganisirawo chikamu Karaites, Krymchaks uye Judaize gomo marudzi kuCaucasus.

yakaoma vakasara

Saka, munyaya ino takataura pamusoro njodzi dzakadai dzinonakidza vanhu sezvo Khazars. Iyi haisi imwe boka redzinza, uye, chaizvoizvo, inoshamisa chena gwapa romuMiddle munhoroondo reCaspian nyika.

Vanotaurwawo mashoko akawanda Rousseau, vokuArmenia, maArab, Byzantines. Kagan ari kunyorerana Caliphate pamusoro Cordoba. Munhu wose anonzwisisa simba uye simba uhwu ...
Uye pakarepo - a mheni danidziro Prince Svyatoslav uye kuparadzwa ehurumende ichi.

Zvakaratidza kuti yose umambo anogona kuva pfupi, kwete kungopera uye kunyura mumatope yokukanganwa, kusiya chete guesswork zvizvarwa.