Kamenetz-Podolsk nhare: photo, nhoroondo

Kamenetz-Podolsk Fortress, aizivikanwawo boka ravarwi chiKristu, yakavakwa nechinangwa mukudzivirira dzinonzi Turkish Bridge kuti anoita kubatana basa pakati huru navatana muguta.

About chinhu

Vanochera nokungwarira akaongorora nzvimbo iyi. In mhedziso yavo, dzemo Castle yakavakwa munzvimbo umo muna IX-XII remakore rakanga Detinets nomubato enyika, uyewo rusvingo pehuni. Pamusana kwavari, zvakanga akadzivirirwa yokugara ane vageremo vakanga Vagari Galicia-Volyn kwavabati.

Nzvimbo ikozvino pamire Kamenetz-Podolsk nhare akanga akapoteredzwa masvingo amabwe muna XII-XIII emakore. Asi muna 1240 kwakaonekwa hondo Batu, uchaparadza masvingo, guta uye vagari vemo.

Makore anopfuura zana pano vushe Mongol-Tatars. Muna 1362 hondo akatora nzvimbo pamusoro Blue Mumvura, somugumisiro iyo nechisimba vakakundwa. Vakawisa hondo Algirdas, akarayira pasi kuitira kuti Kamenetz-Podolsk nhare (Khmelnytsky nharaunda) akauya kudzorwa vazukuru vake.

budiriro

Kana nzvimbo iyi yaiva pasi wenharaunda yaitongwa iri Omani vatongi 1363-1430-ies, maiva zvakanaka kuchinja muupenyu wakakombwa - vaishanda kuti vaigadzirise. Vatengesi uye vanokudzwa akatakura mipiro, nokuda izvo zvaiita kuti vatore zvakafanira kuwanda nekuda tsika nhare yake zvinoshamisa chitarisiko. Kuwedzera Tangai vanobatanidzwa vanapapa, darivshie "chipo St. Peter."

Apo Vytautas akafa, mukurwisana rakamuka pakati venhaka yake. Kufanana mutongi haana vanokwanisa kuziva nyika apo nhare Kamenetz-Podolsk rinokwira paawa ino, akauya pasi chepasi of Commonwealth nokuti nguva kubva 1434 kusvikira 1793rd makore.

Uye mumakore 1672-1699. Pano anotonga hweOttoman Empire. Zvakanga akabva aita kuti ndima iyi zvavakatemerwa inokosha inokosha basa, nekuti raiva muzinda vokuPoland rweRoma, uyewo guta roumambo chinzvimbo.

kuchinja

Mukutonga vokuPoland akare nhare-Castle Kamenetz-Podolsk chakagadziridzwa zvishoma. Pane Zvaiitirwa rokuvakazve - mumwe makurusa kwakaitika muna 1621, zviri rinotungamirirwa T. Schomberg, akakushandirai kujairana kusvika ainzi zvokusvika atirari zvitaviro.

Uye pakati hondo, urwo rwakatora pakati vokuPoland vanhu vokuTurkey kubvira 1672 Mumakore 1676, mumwe kurwiswa ndokuguma Kuregwa vomunzvimbo. Saka zvakaparadzwa uye shongwe maviri.

Asi chikamu zana gare gare, Kamenetz-Podolsk nhare ane nhoroondo anoratidzwa munyaya adzoka Poland. Izvi zvakanga nokuda kwemamiriro runyararo chibvumirano Karlovitskogo.

Zvino, pfungwa iyi haana rakadaro simba kukosha kuvaKristu, sezvo zvakanga zvambotaurwa. Zvikuru nezvayo rwakabhadharwa kuna ayo revarwi kugona uye mukana aite mupomerwi. Facilities pamusoro rekonstruirovali kutorwa mari hurumende.

Shanduko simba

Kubvira 1793 nyika aidzorwa yeRussian Empire kubva 1795 ndiyo musimboti achitandadza Podolia. Kana Russian-Turkish hondo mutariri muna 1812, hurumende miganhu akawedzera kurutivi rwezasi. Zvadaro Fort Kamenetz-Podolsk atova kwete kukosha zvinangwa zvechiuto, uye yaishandiswa senzira correctional sangano mhando.

Panguva World Vokutanga zvakare taifanira kufunga mupomerwi - pano vari kumuzinda Front kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero Russia. Muna 1917-1923 gg., Kana hondo yakatanga, hurumende panguva ino nguva zhinji achinja. Akatonga pano uye vezvourudzi muUkraine, uye Bolsheviks, uye rweAustro-German mauto. In 1919-1920. Paiva nguva apo guta rino kunyange akasarudzwa guta guru reUkraine mushure Kuregwa hurumende UNR uye Directory pakati Kiev.

kukosha

Muna 1928, Kamenetz-Podolsk nhare akagamuchira mamiriro nemagariro uye nhoroondo kuchengeterwa rudzi kukosha. Asi muHondo Yenyika II nzvimbo ino zvakaipisisa kukuvaradzwa, nekuti paiva kubhombiwa uye hasha kurwa.

Zvino mapurani uye nhoroondo kuchengeterwa munyika kukosha, inova mumwe Zvivako zviri tsika nyika, vanobatanidzwa UNESCO nhaka. mamiriro Izvi zvinogona kunzi dzisingambosvikiki, nokuda nesimba Makontakta, uye mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka zvakasikwa pachisikirwo. Saka kuti vanhu vanogara kuMiddle Ages, kunyange akati kuti ruoko rwaMwari kuvaka masvingo izvi.

Kune kumawere vomuprista kukwira, mipata yakadzika uye yakakura njanji Smotrych River, richisvika mamita 250 pahupamhi. Kupfuura zvose izvi kukwira madziro akashongedzwa pokunzvenga napo. Nokudaro vaitiridzira pfuti kwesimba guru - zvose zviri dzavarwi akanga 10 cannons uye tarasnitsa.

Old Castle - moyo, iyo Korug akakura simba uye haripindiki nhare Kamenetz-Podolsk. Photo unogona kuona munyaya chete duku kumwero kuratidza ukuru zvivako emo. Castle quadrangular fomu. Zvayaiva mukati namahwindo nharaunda, rine nzvimbo 1.5 hectares. mukomberedzo kwayo akashongedzwa shongwe 11.

zvivako zvinokosha

Mumwe unodzivirira hurongwa rwezasi ndiko Tower yemisangano. Ari akatunhidzwa pedyo kurutivi pamukova rworuboshwe. Its yakavakwa munguva pakati 1505 uye 1515 makore. Inonzi basa zvishandiso zvaishandiswa, akagamuchira kubva Pope.

Muzana XIX remakore pano katatu nhapwa Karmelyuka US, uyo akatungamirira mupanduki kufamba vanhuwo zvavo. Kune tiers mashanu, kutarisa vanogona kuonekwa kuti vaviri vokutanga vane chikamu chairatidzika sikweya, rakatevera vaviri - the octahedron, uye vokupedzisira - of humburumbira.

Kunze nhare pane shongwe muchimiro chivharo. It rakaumbwa muna XIV remakore. Madziro Makavakwa kuti kuumba humburumbira, uye neshongwe ane cone. Muna 1544 mairi vachinzi mazuvaano kwayo - Akazadzisa hwaro varinamire wakafukidzwa pamadziro, dzomunyika ndima kubviswa uye vakavaka kwokunze, kubva kumusoro. Kana hondo yakatanga pakati vokuTurkey uye Poles muna 1672-1676 gg., The shongwe payakarovera zvikuru. Kare, zvakanga dzakakwirira zvikuru, asi nhasi tinogona kuona 22 chete M kukwirira kwayo.

zvivako zvinonakidza

An rinokosha iri kuridzwa ne shongwe neimba tęczyński, iyo yakavakwa pakutanga pakati XV remakore, pachiimbwa buri raro vasvika paimba tęczyński J. Krakow, raiva basa zvakakodzera kushanda masvingo, uyewo kuchengetedzwa yokuva nayo.

Zvinofadza chinhu nzvimbo iyi chivakwa - zviri-kumativi matatu zvinopfuura miganhu the Old Castle. Naizvozvo, kuti ayo kuchengeteka wakakwirira ari XVIII remakore, neshongwe nehope pamusoro weDanho rechina. Zvino iye achisimuka 21 mamita.

Panguva yechina nzvimbo pasuo iri caressing shongwe mana humburumbira injini, iyo yakavakwa mukutanga XV remakore. Rinochengeta kukosha mabhishopi. Kuisa chena. Pane chinyorwa Latin iyo inoti shamwari yechokwadi zvakaoma kuwana pane kuona Phoenix. The weDanho pamusoro mamiriro yechipiri chakachinja 1544 Nokuda kwaizvozvo kwakanga kune manera mukati rusvingo, iyo yakafukidzwa nesuko. Wechina pamwero aishandiswa zvinangwa zvechiuto. The kuitika shongwe yakakwirira 22.5 m.

Mukuru zvivako

Kumadokero, pane Day shongwe, pedo nomukova chivakwa. Iye mukuru vamwe vose, sezvo chakatangwa XII-XVI emakore. It ane rectangular chimiro uye yakawanda pokunzvenga napo. Nokudaro kuongororwa kuti zvine urongwa zvinangwa. At pamusoro superstructure rakaitirwa namatanda uyewo kuva springboard kuburikidza iyo maoko zvikapiwa rokumusoro padanho kweshongwe itsva. An akadzama anofadza ndechokuti chivako haana padenga.

Big Tower hwakagadzwa muna 1544 uye ndiye kupfuura munhare. mukomberedzo Its ane zviso shanu. Chinangwa kuzvidavirira - panguva kurwa pano kuisa chombo. Muna 1672, vokuTurkey akaita kuputika, nekuti icho chivakwa zvakaipisisa zvakakanganisika, uye chivako aifanira kupira.

Zvose zvinorondedzerwa - ndiko chete chinonyanya kukosha pfungwa. Kutaura zvazviri, Kamenetz-Podolsk nhare chikuru, uye pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinonakidza.