Kalmykia: guru, vakawanda, tsika

Chinangwa chenyaya ino ichava Republic of Kalmykia. Guta guru nharaunda iyi, ėlista, iri rakasiyana nemamwe maguta Russia. Hazvina kukodzera kushanyira kanenge kuitira tinyatsoziva inonakidza nyika uchenjeri wechiBuddha. Kalmykia asi haagoni kunzi tourist muparadhiso, asi nzvimbo yacho nguva Evolving, hotera itsva. Munyika ino muArabhu yekare anogona kurarama mutende ino, kuti ona mapoka mabhiza yomusango, kuchovha ngamera. Kuti mashoko sei kuti kusvika Republic of Kalmykia, apo kuwana kuti Anotarira kuravira, uyewo chii kuunza navo ndangariro, ona nyaya ino. Tinewo akasimbisa yakaoma nhoroondo inowanzorimwa vanhu uye ayo nzira ano upenyu.

nzvimbo

The Republic of Kalmykia iri mune European chikamu Russian Federation. In Kumaodzanyemba pamuganhu pamwe Stavropol Territory. Kunyange zvakadaro, ruzhinji runodiwa reRepublic muBhudha. Izvi dzinonakidza uye Kalmykia. Haufaniri kubhururuka kuThailand uye Mongolia kuona Pagoda, stupas uye munyengetero zvenzombe Buddha akagara nokufungisisa. Zvose izvi zviri ėlista. Kalmykia iri kumaodzanyemba kweRussia Federation, ine nani guru saizi. nzvimbo yake makumi manomwe nezvitanhatu namazana makiromita mativi kupfuura muBelgium, Switzerland, Netherlands kana Denmark. It pakugadzwa kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba pamusoro mana namakumi masere mashanu makiromita, uye kubva kumabvazuva kusvikira kumavirira - 423? Km. In rwezasi zvokuvhoterwa dzinongoitika miganhu ndivo nzizi Kuma uye Manych. In rwezasi-kumabvazuva rinofanira kusukwa paGungwa reCaspian. Kubva kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva nzvimbo Kalmykia anoswedera Volga. Uye kuchamhembe-dzokumadokero chikamu pakunogumira Ergeninskaya chikomo.

Climate

Republic of Kalmykia nokuda kwayo munzvimbo guru riri matatu dzinongoitika dzinodengenyeka - mugwenga, Semi-magwenga uye steppes. The kuzorodzwa pano kunyanya sandara, asi nekuti pane mhepo kakawanda simba, dzimwe nguva kukura mhepo akaoma. Okunze ndiko Continental munyika. kutonhora zhizha anogona kusvika madhigirii 42. Chando chando, asi pamwe kuchitonhora. Continental ezvinhu zvinoshamisa kunowedzera kubva kumavirira kusvikira kumabvazuva. Asi kumaodzanyemba avhareji January tembiricha iri chete kubvisa masere Celsius. The coldest yechando kuchamhembe-okumabvazuva kumatunhu. Ikoko chando anogona kusvika -35 Celsius uye pasi. Asi nyika anozvikudza vakawanda mazuva zvakajeka. Zuva pano rikasabuda anenge 184 mazuva gore. A chokuita uye inogara kwenguva refu inodziya nguva - 250-270 mazuva. Uye apo avhareji July tembiricha iri chete +24,5 ° C, kakawanda maxims. Pasina kuwedzerera, tinogona kutaura kuti nyaya Russian Federation ari kupokana pakati Volgograd nzvimbo musoro Hottest nharaunda.

upfumi

On mundima zvokuvhoterwa pane deposits chokuita reCaspian mafuta uye gasi muruwa dura. Zvino vakavhiyiwa Ermolinskaya uye Burulsky zvakanaka. Great zvinogona kukura mhepo simba zvinhu mudunhu vari. hurumende Kalmykia riri kutora okutanga matanho panzira kuitira kuti sangano mhepo makore regai kukonzera kukuvara zvokurima, uye vakabatsirwa. Zvikurukuru, zvinonzi ikozvino kuvakwa Kalmyk mhepo simba. Dambudziko guru kuti zvokurima kuperevedza mvura yakachena. The kunayisa yakaderera - anenge mazana maviri kana matatu millimeters pagore. Naizvozvo, nokuti kurima rinokosha Dam. Remasangano kwavari - Chograyskoe iri pamuganhu Stavropol Territory.

Nzizi madhamu kuti Kalmykia

The jecha pamhenderekedzo kweGungwa reCaspian, rine bays duku, munhu waunoda zvikuru nokuda toerisme chiitiko Republic of Kalmykia. Haiwa, kunyange haina kushandiswa. Volga ayambuka miganhu zvokuvhoterwa chete dvenadtsatikilometrovom nzvimbo. Other Freshwater arteries vari Kuma (anoparadzanisa Kalmykia kubva Dagestan), East uye West Manych, Egorlyk. Vazhinji yenzizi Kalmykia zvidiki, nokuomesa muzhizha, uye pane dzimwe nguva inobereka mvura inovava-wakawanda. Naizvozvo, chikuru nharaunda munyika zviri pakaoma steppes uye Semi-mumarenje. Zvisinei, zvakaoma tisingatauri pamusoro pegungwa, chiri inozivikanwa Kalmykia. Photo Yashaltinskogo Big Lake, ungave kare kuona. Semushonga zhinji ayo vakapfuura kutoti Dead Sea. Saka kure, mumwe chete kurapwa centre pamire pamhenderekedzo wayo. It yakavakwa ichangopfuura uye zvichida nokukurumidza kuvakwa pano, uye nemamwe masangano akafanana. Pashure pezvose, kuitira kure kuti mhuka kumhenderekedzo kwegungwa yakawanda vanhu vanouya kurapa zvirwere - kufema kuti kubereka.

Hatigoni havafungi akafukidzwa ngano nyanza Manych-Gudilo. zita kwayo akagamuchira nokuda mhepo, inobudiswa pamusoro anotsvedzerera pemvura rokurira rinonzwika inotyisa. Nesting nzvimbo waterfowl chinhu Chinoshamisa-Hulsun. Other madhamu zvinokosha - Sostinskie uye Sarpa, Small Yashaltinskoe.

Flora uye Fauna of Kalmykia

Kalmykia, ane mapikicha kazhinji zvisingaperi steppes uye Semi-mumarenje, ndiyo nyaya treeless yose Russian Federation. Zvinomera anomiririrwa pano munhenga, tumbleweed munda, vamwe dzemarudzi dzakashandisa dzisinganayi okunze uye wakawanda nevhu. Musi madhamu ari dendere vanenge zana nemakumi matatu eshiri. Ava, makumi maviri namatatu vari Red muBhuku Russia. Asi yakakurumbira Kalmykia, ndicho chokwadi kuti ndima yayo yaigarwa chete European saiga vemo. Kuti adzivirire ichi pangozi kubva kutsakatika, muna 1990, yakanga anosimbisa Reserve "Black Land". It Anotambanudza pakati Kuma uye Volga munzvimbo imwe zana maviri nezviviri hectares. Panewo uye isu kare ataurwa mudziva Manych-Gudilo zvitsuwa gumi. Vashanyi pano kutsvaka nesting swans, bustards, DALMATIAN pelicans uye yokurinda inoyerera mapoka mabhiza dzomusango. Good kuva Manych-Gudilo mu vhuvhuta ezvinhu. Zvadaro famba pagungwa hofori mafungu (kusvika 12 metres dzakakwirira!). Mhepo inoungudza sezvo sokuti zvose mweya yakaipa kubva Kalmyk ngano vakadirana pano kusvikira Sabata. Zvisinei, pamahombekombe kwegungwa kusvikira hapana nzvimbo zvivako. Accommodation zvinogoneka chete private nemauto Yashalta musha kana ari muenzi mumba chengetedza.

Vagari Kalmykia

Maererano Rosstat mashoko ya2015, vanhu mazana maviri namakumi masere nezvishanu namazana vanogara munyika. In Census 2010, nhamba iyi yakanga 289 481. Izvi yevagari kuderera imhaka pezviri yokutama. Asi water drainage iyi yakaderera mumakore achangopfuura. Kalmykia zvishoma nezvishoma haizorambi mwoyo nharaunda. Kufungisisa nzvimbo hombe mundima zvokuvhoterwa zvinogona kutongwa kuti arambe achirema chavagari iduku anenge mana vanhu muzana mativi kiromita. Vagari vanoumba mana namashanu muzana vagari vose mudunhu. Uye kana iwe rangarira kuti Republic of Kalmykia guta ine vanhu vanhu 103.730, zvinoitika kuti yevagari arambe achirema iri kunyange chiduku. Kuwedzera ėlista, kune mamwe maguta maviri - Lagan uye Gorodovikovsk. Maererano 2010 vaverengwe, madzinza Kuronga zvokuvhoterwa ndechokuti vazhinji (57%) - Kalmyks, 33% - Russian, vamwe 10% - mamwe marudzi.

vakuru vakuru

Vanhu Khural of Republic adopts mitemo nemirayiro. In Parliament ichi zvinosanganisira maviri nemanomwe wevatariri. Hural ndiye zvemitemo simba. The soro mukuru - Musoro Republic. Iye vakuru varikutonga bazi uye anoumba Hurumende Kalmykia. Kwemakore gumi nemanomwe, akanga musoro Republic Kirsan Nikolaevich Ilyumzhinov. Uyu murume akaita zvakawanda Kalmykia, ėlista guru uye mamwe maguta nemisha vakawana European mhuka. Muna 2010 iri this post, kubudikidza President of Russian Federation V. V. Putina, achitsiva Aleksey Maratovich Orlov.

History of nharaunda

Hazvisi nyore uye dzimwe nguva zvaisiririsa. Nokuti izvi isu Vaidzungaira ari steppes dzakasiyana marudzi. Cimmerians, Sarmatians uye VaSitiya Khazars, Huns, Cumans uye Pechenegs akabudirira mumwe, achisiya pazvikomo uye zvisaririra remaguta ekare. Ndokusaka vakawanda madziro tsika Kalmykia. Muzana XIII remakore, idzi dzaiva nhengo Golden Horde. In Kalmykia, rakapona anopfuura mazana maviri Zvivako mutsika uye nhoroondo. Vashanu vavo munodzivirirwa Russian Federation. Kalmyk vanhu, uyewo Crimean Tatars, akamboitirwa munyika. Stalin akarayira vanhu vakadzingwa yawo. Zviuru vavo havana kudzokera kumba. Izvi mapeji kwakaipisisa munhau Kalmyk vanhu kuna chirangaridzo "Eksodho uye Dzokai", chinoitwa Ernest USINGAZIKAMWI. The Monument iri muna ėlista.

Modern tsika nemagariro ari zvakabatana chaizvo pamwe chikuru chitendero muna Republic. Pashure pezvose, ivo Kalmyks - chete muEurope, vanhu vari echiBuddha. Kwose kwose unogona kusangana khurul - chairwo Lama zvivako. Kwenguva refu, iyo Kalmyks vairambidzwa chitendero chavo. Pakanga pasina tembere vanoshingaira uye vakwegura zvakaparadzwa. Mukuru asara - khurul musha Tsagan-Aman, kudanana kubva pakutanga kwezana remakore rechimakumi maviri.

Kudzokera ikoko

Zvinotora vazhinji vakakokwa of Zimbabwe Kalmykia guru ėlista. Guta rine imwe yendege. Zvinotora nguva dzose voos Moscow, Stavropol, Rostov-on-Don uye Mineralnye Vody. Travel nebhazi kubva guru Russia, kunyange ndege achava isingadhuri (1,800 rubles), asi zvinotora kupfuura zuva. Kusvika ėlista nechitima, unofanira kutanga kusvika Stavropol. Panofanira kuva kuchinjirwa kune mumwe chikamu kutamira pamwe nebazi kuti yemapurisa "Marvellous." Kubva Stavropol kuna ėlista, iwe vanopedza maawa masere nzira, kana ukasarudza pasi chokufambisa. Bus basa zvakare anobatanidza guta guru Kalmykia pamwe Volgograd uye Astrakhan.

ėlista

guta rino inonzi guru muBhudha. It rakaumbwa mukupera namapfumbamwe remakore. Guta guru Kalmykia, ėlista - rimwe taundi duku. Zviri musha zviuru zana vanhu. Naizvozvo, nokumuda, unogona kuvimba tsoka dzavo. Kunyange guta kunoramba sa bhazi, uye kuwandisa kwemotokari mumigwagwa muguta. Ėlista munuhwi fascinates vashanyi. Kunyanya unoshamisa ndiko kuwanda munamato stupas uye muBhudha temberi. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti ashanyire Golden kunogara Sakyamuni. pakukura temberi wechiBuddha muEurope. Inoitwa nomwe siyana. chifananidzo chake inoshongedza gumi-chinoziva One, akafukidza pamwe shizha goridhe encrusted pamwe chaicho mangoda. Temple zvinoera tsvene unotora: somuenzaniso, zvipfeko Dalai XIV a. The pagodas Days Seven akagadza-rutsoka matanhatu munamato Drum pamusoro Tantric wemamonk kuIndia. Ndechokupemberera yendarama nemabhii vakawanda mitauro Vandana.

Chii kuedza uye chii kutenga

Mumaresitorendi uye cafes ėlista musoro mitengo. Paavhareji chisvusvuro kunodyira rubles matatu kana mazana mana. Iva nechokwadi kuti mharidzo Ravioli "borigi" zvakakanyiwa namafuta mu makeke mafuta "bortsoki" muto giblets, ovine uye tii "Djombo".

Pakuyeuka Zimbabwe Kalmykia guta rine siyana matkamuistoja. Izvi kazhinji zvipfeko yakagadzirwa ngamera dzemakwai uye akanzwa zvigadzirwa - somuenzaniso, bhokisi-Yurt. Unofanira kupinda imwe nzvimbo - ėlista City Chess. Zvose pano rakazvipira wechesi. Uye mukuru napadare Mini-guta - avhenyu ainzi Kuda Bender, ndiyo shongwe kuti wezvakashata kukuru. City Chess akavaka Kirsan Ilyumzhinov, aichimbova musoro Kalmykia uye Panguva President of International Chess Association.