River Parana: tsime uye hunhu kuerera

Parana ndiyo yechipiri wakarebesa rwizi kuSouth America. Maererano chakarurama ichi, hazvina wechipiri chete kune Amazon. Kuti ubatanidzwewo anoumba muganhu munyika nhatu, Argentina, Brazil uye Paraguay. A tsananguro uwane mamwe Parana River ari munyaya iyi pazasi.

Kwakabva zita

Kune shanduro dzakawanda zita gang ichi. Inonyanya kufarirwa ava ndiyo "rwizi, sezvo guru sezvo mugungwa." Rimwe zita inozivikanwa raiva "rwizi zvinosuwisa." Mumwe yekare madzinza Indian kunge zita saka nokuda dzakawanda mhere nemapopoma. Kazhinji ungawana zita "Amai gungwa" munhoroondo mashoko. Kazhinji, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa zvinotevera chokwadi: chero zita mvura iyerere ichibva zvikuru rudzi, zviri kuzvidzosera kunosimbisa kwoutsinye zvakaita Parana River, simba rayo uye zvikuru hwevanhu.

kuwanikidza

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti zvakanga rakazaruka mufambi kubva Spain nezita Juan Diaz of Solís. Akava wokutanga European kuzoshanyira muromo wake. Izvi zvakaitika muna 1515. makore mashanu chete gare gare, ndakashanyira Magellan. Muna 1526, C. Cabot kwazvo vakajairana peculiarities ari mamiriro enzvimbo. Uyezve, akava mumiriri Europe, iye akakwanisa kupinda mumuromo wokutanga.

nenzvimbo nzvimbo

Panobva Parana River iri kumaodzanyemba chikamu Highlands wokuBrazil, apo muromo waro riri pamusoro Atlantic pamhenderekedzo, muGulf of La Plata. The zvachose urefu gang uyu 4380 makiromita. Kana dziva nzvimbo, zvinoita akaenzana 4.250 mativi makiromita. Sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, munhu gang anobata nharaunda nhatu inotaura, anomirira kukwana dzinongoitika Muganhu wavo. Nokuti yokumusoro chokubuda kunoratidzwa kumusoro Mangondo. Uyezve, pano pane nemapopoma.

kupfuura

Parana anotora kwayakatangira Brazil. It chakaumbwa confluence enzizi Rio Grande uye Paranaiba. Kubva panguva iyi mvura iyerere uchifamba akananga Paraguay muguta pafiripi Del Guaira. Unoshandiswa kuva mapopoma zvakafanana zita, ane kureba rinosvika 33 mamita. Zvisinei, muna 1982, "Itaipu" yakavakwa panzvimbo yaro Hydroelectric Dam, izvo kare kupfuura panyika. Panzvimbo imwe Brazil riri pamuganhu Paraguay. Pashure paizvozvo, peDare Parana rwizi anotendeukira kumaodzanyemba, uye gare gare - kumavirira. Izvi anopfuurira 820 makiromita. Munharaunda iyi yechipiri pakukura kuvakwa HPP. Zvakanyorwa kunzi "yacyretá mai", uye akaiswa kushanda muna 1994. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Joint Argentine-Paraguayan chirongwa.

Pashure kubatanidzwa nomumwe pamwe guru reko rechibharo (rwizi Paraguay) Parana anotendeukira kumaodzanyemba. Uyezve, kuArgentina, yakafara rinosvika makiromita matatu. In Santa Fe mudunhu aibuda zvishoma dzikatsauka kumabvazuva, zvino anoenda kwokupedzisira nzvimbo. Its kureba anenge 500 makiromita. Pairi unhu aibuda rwizi Parana anogona kunzi zii. Kutamira kune Atlantic Ocean gang anotanga dziparare kupinda mapazi akawanda uye makwara. Somugumisiro, vakawanda Delta aumbwa ane upamhi kwazvo 60 makiromita uye kureba - 130? Km. Zvakananga mariri anopinda rwizi Uruguay, zvichiteverwa dzenzvimbo zviviri simba wakasika nomuromo nyika yakakurumbira of Rio the Plata.

Water hurumende uye okunze zvinhu

Parana River uchaguta makawanda nokuda mvura. Nguva mafashamo mukuru kunotora January kusvika May. Zhinji mvura yezhizha anowanzoramba nokuti nzvimbo apo rokumusoro chikamu bheseni. Kubva June kusvika August, kechipiri pane kusvetuka simba mumvura revarombo. Munzvimbo zhinji bheseni nokuti gore paavhareji, rikawira zviuru zviviri millimeters pakati kunayisa. Kazhinji mvura pamwero iri gogonera. eko mvura pagore anenge 480 cubic makiromita. Zvikuru kushamisa nhamba kugashidzanwa muna Atlantic Ocean sediments. Zvasvikira matani mamiriyoni 95 pagore. Trace wavo anogona kuonekwa chinhambwe makiromita anosvika 150 kubva kumhenderekedzo. Muromo ane fanera chimiro. Pachake kubva mugungwa rinoumbwa yomukati uye yokunze mapazi. Wokutanga wavo zvasvika kureba uye upamhi ukuwo, 180 uye 80 makiromita. mvura yaro iri yakachena. Kana udzamu, hazvina kupfuura 5 mamita. Nokuti wechipiri nzvimbo idzi kunoratidzwa ne predominance yegungwa mvura wakawanda uye kudzama 25 mamita.

kutumirwa

Zvikepe nevamwe swimming zvivako sludge asingadi kupfuudza 7 metres, vanogona kuenda kubva pachiteshi ari Argentine guta Rosario mumuromo ari chinhambwe 640 makiromita. Parana River kunoratidzwa kumusoro Hydroelectric zvinogona. kukosha kwayo zvachose vanofungidzirwa pa 20 BSN. The mapopoma Nzvimbo Urubupunga akavaka guru Hydroelectric kunzwisisa. zvengarava Major, yakavakwa pamusoro rwizi, vari Rosario, Santa Fe uye Pasados.

The ukoshi nokuti yevagari

gang ichi kwakakosha upenyu vanhu. Sezvo zviri zvakabatana chaizvo anongoda yose kumaodzanyemba yacho. Hazvishamisi, vazhinji Argentine, Brazilian uye Paraguayan guta zviri pairi. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha vavo, hapana mubvunzo, ndiye Buenos Aires. vagari vemo akapfuudza chiratidzo vanhu mamiriyoni matatu. Kunze kwake, pamahombekombe akavaka maguta akawanda, izvo kumba vanopfuura zviuru mazana matatu vanhu, uyewo dzakawanda mataundi maduku nemisha. Parana River anodyisa zviuru vehove. Zvose izvi pamwe anosika kwete chete agglomeration hombe, uye makro-zvoupfumi nharaunda.

Biota

Rwizi iri dzinogarisana vazhinji mhando kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. On munharaunda mumapaki National riri mumvura kune mhuka nemiti, izvo kuchizvivanza anenge nokutsakatika kwemarudzi. The mitema Masango pamahombekombe ari Parana kurarama jaguars, Nehwiribidi, dzomusango, tapirs. Zviri musha vanopfuura gumi nevaviri eshiri nezvipembenene. Sezvataona pamusoro apa, zviri mumvura zvatinosiita kuwanda hove. Iye haana zvokuti hove rinoitwa pasi muindasitiri pamwero pano.

mushanyi kukwezvwa

Parana River gore negore chinokwezva kuwanda vashanyi. Imwe zvinofadza zvikuru nzvimbo mvura yaro vaiona Iguazu - Falls iri pamuganhu Argentina uye Brazil. Translated kubva mutauro Indian zita rinoreva "mvura guru". By pacharo, ndiko chiseko inofadza. Chokwadi chokuti mvura iyerere chidhongi matanho akasikwa pano, noupamhi chiri anenge matatu makiromita. Saka, zvakazara kuona mapopoma anogona chete kuva kubva mundege hwindo. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvose nyika umo riri ndokurondedzera National Parks dzakapoteredza, maigara pristine, masango wakajeka. Vane zita chete, uye vose akatumirwa UNESCO World Heritage Site.