Jet kufamba mumasayenzi, muupenyu hwezuva nezuva, mune zvakasikwa uye mune teknolojia. Jet propulsion: mienzaniso, mifananidzo

Munyika kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekufambisa senzira yekuendesa miviri kubva pane imwe nzvimbo yepasi kusvika kune imwe. Iyo ndege inoshandiswa mumasikirwo uye teknolojia, iyo inowanika pakaparadzana kubva mumuviri waro chikamu pane chero ipi zvayo yakakurumidza, haisi kunyanya kufanana, asi ichiri panzvimbo yayo yakakodzera. Uye mune teknolojia yekufamba kwejet, masayendisiti zvakananga "anotarirwa" pamhuka dzesango. Uye ivo vakashandisa zvakabudirira muzvigadzirwa zvavo. Pamusoro peizvi nezvimwe zvakawanda, zvisati zvichinyanya kufadza, mativi edu achataura.

Reactivity mumhuka

Somuenzaniso, kushambira mumhepo yegungwa, vanhu vazhinji vaiwanzosangana ne "chiso nechiso" nevamiririri vemhuka dzegungwa - jellyfish. Asi vanhu vashomanana vakafunga kuti mhuka idzi dzinoshandisa nzira yakagadzikana yekufamba. Uyezve, marine plankton, uye mapapiro emamwe mhando dzezvipembenene dzinofamba, achishandisa reactivity. Uye, nenzira, mune teknolojia, jet kufamba, kana kuti panzvimbo iyo yakakosha, dzimwe nguva yakaderera kupfuura yezvisikwa izvi zvezvisikwa.

Nyuchi dzakawanda dzinoshandisa zvakare. Uye zvikwangwani zvinofamba, somuenzaniso, zvichienderana nekugadzirisa kwemajetti emvura akabudiswa kubva muhombe yemhuka apo mazhenje akaomeswa. Iyo squid ichiri neine mini-jet injini, nounyanzvi yakagadzirwa nemasikirwo. Nokuda kweizvi, pane kufamba kwakasimba kwayo mumamiriro ezvinhu emvura, uye dzimwe nguva vagari vemunharaunda vanogara kunyange nhunzi kumhepo!

Jet propulsion muunyanzvi. Mienzaniso

Nzira huru iyi iyi inowanikwa munguva yemazuva ano. Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti mune teknolojia, kuputika kwemhepo kunowanikwa mune zvakawanda kunyorera reactivity yemhuka. Kunyange munguva yekare muChinese (mireniyamu yokutanga AD), mbatya dzemagodo, dzakazara nepfuti, dzakagadzirwa, dzakashandiswa kunyanya kufara. Zvakanga zvakagadzirirwa pane zvakagadziriswa. Uye Newton munguva yake yakasvika kwete chete nemutemo wepachivande wepasi rose, asiwo mufananidzo wemotokari yakanga yakagadzirwa nejet injini.

Nokufamba kwevanhu

Vanhu vakaziva kuti mu teknolojia, kuputika kwemhepo kunogona kushandiswa kubhururuka. Munyori wekutanga wepurojekiti yakadai ndeyeNarodovolets Kibalchich, uyo chaizvoizvo mazuva mashomanana asati afa (akatongerwa rufu semubatanidzwa mukuedza kwekuuraya kuTsar) yakagadziridzwa uye yakanyora data yesayenzi. Tsiolkovsky akatanga pfungwa dzeBibalchich, yakagadzira mathematical equation inokosha kune astronautics, iyo inoita kuti zvive nyore kushandisa mutemo we reactivity. Ndiye iye akarondedzera mumabasa ake mazano ekushanda kwejet fuel assemblies.

Jet injini

Mukugadzirwa kwayo, inoshandura mafuta emakemikari simba kuva chikafu - ikozvino gas jet. Muchiitiko ichi, kukurumidza kweshanduro yekutsvaga kunowanikwa. Mafungiro aTsiolkovsky akavakwa naK Korolev, uye kuiswa kwekutanga kushandisa satanisi kushandisa jet propulsion kwakaitwa muna 1957 muU.SR. Uye munhu wokutanga kukunda simba rekuvhenekera nerubatsiro rwejet propulsion aiva Soviet pilot Gagarin muna 1961. Akafamba-famba achipoteredza nyika paiva nechikepe chinonzi Vostok.

Chigadzirwa che rocket

Mumashoko akareruka, motokari yemazuva ano yakatangwa inosanganisira shell uye mafuta (kunyanya anogidzingisa agent). Iko shell ine zvinhu zvakakosha - mutengo capsule, unoiswa muNyendo yePasi. Heino izvo zvigadzirwa zvekutonga uye injini. Zvose zvebasa rinobatsira re rocket ndiyo mafuta uye oxidizer, yakagadzirirwa kutsigira inopisa (mukati, hapana oxygen mudenga).

Mumakamuri anopisa, mafuta acho anoshandurwa kuva gasi iri pasi pekumanikidzwa uye kutonhora kwakanyanya. Pamusana pemusiyano uri kumanikidzwa mushure mechikwata chinopisa uye mumakamuri anopisa, gasi rinotsvaira kunze, ndicho chikonzero rocket inofamba.