Japan Industry: Industry uye kukura

Japan (Nihon kana Nippon) - mumwe vaitungamirira masimba zvoupfumi. Zviri mumwe vatungamiri, pamwe US uye China. Nezvokuvandudzika 70% of zvachose chigadzirwa kuEast Asia.

Japanese indasitiri kwasvika refu azvipire kukura, kunyanya mune mabhora nesayenzi uye dzidzo. Pakati vakuru upfumi nyika - kambani "Toyota Motors", "Sony Corporation", "Fujitsu", "Honda Motors", "Toshiba" uye vamwe.

Current mamiriro

Japan ari murombo mune zviwanikwa - zvinokosha chete deposits kuti marasha, mhangura uye kutungamirira-zingi ores. Mumakore achangopfuura hazvina ivaiwo kukamura uchishandisa mishonga mugungwa pfuma - uranium exchange dzokubudisa kubva yomugungwa, kugadzirwa manganese nodules.

Pakuurayiwa upfumi hwenyika pane chikamu Japan nezvokuvandudzika anenge 12% zvachose kugadzirwa. Mukusarudza Japanese maindasitiri - ferrous uye dzisiri ferrous simbi, muchina-kuvaka (zvikurukuru motokari, robotics uye zvemagetsi), zvemakemikari uye chikafu zvekutepfenyura.

maindasitiri zoning

Mukati hurumende, pane zvikuru nharaunda nhatu:

• Tokyo-Yokohama, zvinosanganisira Keihin, East Japan, Tokyo Prefecture, Kanagawa, Kanto nharaunda.
• Nagoya, kwazvinoita kuva Bale.
• Osaka-Kobsky (Han-Xing).

Kunze apa, pane nzvimbo zvakare chiduku:

• Northern Kyushu (Kita-Kyushu).
• Kanto.
• Sea East Industrial District (Tokai).
• Tokyo-Tibsky (Izvi zvinosanganisira e-Kay, kumabvazuva Japan, mukuru Kanto uye Chiba Prefecture nharaunda).
• Nechomukati-Japan Sea Area (setonaikai National Park).
• Industrial muruwa kuchamhembe nyika (Hokuriku).
• Kasimsky nharaunda (pano vose zvakafanana East Japan, Kashima, Ibaraki Prefecture uye Kanto nharaunda).

Vanopfuura 50% of Mari mukugadzira Mazinga pamusana nzvimbo Tokyo Yokohama, Osaka, Kobe uye Nagoya, uyewo muguta Kitakyushu nechokuchamhembe pachitsuwa Kyushu.

Kupfuura vachishingaira uye irambe che kumusika munyika iyi nyasha diki uye svikiro kadikidiki bhizimisi. Nharaunda iyi ndezvako 99% makambani ose Japanese. Zvisinei, ichi hachisi chokwadi pamusoro Whitehead Textile indasitiri. Light indasitiri muJapan (a kutungamirira che uko kwaireva indasitiri) kwakavakirwa hombe vakanyatsoshongedzwa zvivako,.

agribusiness

Agricultural nyika yepasisa yakapoteredza 13% kwenharaunda yacho. Uye hafu idzi - jellied minda zvinoshandiswa mupunga kurimwa. At paro, kurima pano ari dzakasiyana-siyana, uye inobva kurima uye, kupfuura zvakananga, kurima mupunga, unyanzvi zvirimwa, bota uye tii.

Asi izvozvo handizvo zvoga, anogona pamusoro Japan. Industry and zvokurima munyika ari kushingaira dzakabudirira uye anotsigirwa Hurumende, kuti ndivape yakawanda nzeve uye mari yakawanda bhizimisi iri kukura kwavo. A rinokosha riri vakaridza horticulture, sericulture, mhuka minda, miti uye zvomumvura Fisheries.

Nzvimbo inokosha rokurima zvekutepfenyura rinofukidza Fig. Vegetable kukura kunokudziridzwa kunyanya aro, pasi payo akabvisa pamusoro kota yekurima. Nzvimbo yasara inogarwa maindasitiri zvirimwa, zvokudya zvirimwa uye mulberry nemiti.

hectares About mamiriyoni 25 rinosanganisira masango, kazhinji, varidzi vari varimi. Varidzi Small ndezvaJehovha zvikamu anenge 1 Ha. Pakati zvikuru varidzi - nhengo dzemhuri youmambo, dzemamongi uye temberi.

rutoto mombe

Livestock iri kunobuda zuva rakatanga vanoshingaira kutanga chete pashure Second World War. Iye ane chinhu - mu kunobva kupinza, kupinza chikafu (zviyo). Varidzi upfumi Japanese anokwanisa kupa kupfuura chetatu zvose zvinodiwa.

zvipfuwo centre anoshanda pamusoro. Hokkaido. In hwokumusoro kumativi ayo nyama yenguruve. Kazhinji, zvipfuwo mombe rinosvika mamiriyoni 5 vanhu, vanenge hafu yavo - dheri mhou.

hove indasitiri

Sea - mumwe kubatsira vanogona Japan. Industry and zvokurima vari vakawana kubva kunyika nzvimbo zvakanakira vakawanda chitsuwa: ndiwo wokuwedzera nzira chokuendesa nenhumbi, uye kubatsira toerisme zvekutepfenyura, uye zvokudya zvakasiyana-siyana.

Zvisinei, pasinei mugungwa, nyika ine kupinza mumwe kwazvo mishonga (zvichienderana nomutemo dzakawanda, iyo dzokubudisa ose zvomugungwa chete akabvumira mukati miganhu miganhu zhinji).

The chikuru zvinhu giya protrude herring, turbot, cod, Sarimoni, halibut, saury, etc. Ingangoita muzvitatu hove zvinopa mvura pedyo nechiwi Hokkaido. Japan haana kurega divi uye nebudiriro ano musayenzi pfungwa: pano ari kushingaira kutanga aquaculture (cultured parera, hove iri lagoons uye minda mupunga).

senga

Muna 1924, Park motokari munyika ine chete anenge 17,9 zviuru. Dzakabatana. Panguva iyoyo paiva anoyevedza uwandu rickshaws, mabhasikoro uye ngoro dzakanga kutamira nokuda nzombe kana namabhiza.

Makore 20 gare gare, zvakawedzera kudiwa nemarori, kunyanya nokuda zvaidiwa vehondo. Muna 1941 nyika yakabereka 46.706 motokari, iyo chete 1065 - mutakurwi.

Automotive indasitiri muJapan akatanga kukura chete pashure Second World War, iro sehofisi riwedzere kuhondo. More akanaka ezvinhu inopiwa vokuAmerica kuti makambani kuti vakatorwa kuzadziswa emauto mirairo.

In yechipiri yezana 50s yakura nokukurumidza uye kudiwa mutakurwi motokari. Pakazosvika 1980, Japan vakatevera US uye akava guru nyika ekisipota. Muna 2008, nyika ino yave kuzivikanwa nokuda pakukura automaker hwenyika.

shipbuilding

Uyu ndiwo mumwe vaitungamirira maindasitiri, iyo inoshandirwa vanopfuura zviuru 400. Man, kufunga kushanda zvakananga mafekitari chikamu makambani.

Huripo zvivako kubvumira kuvaka midziyo marudzi ose uye yemberi, pamwe zvakawanda 8 nechiteshi chengarava akagadzirirwa kusunungura supertankers ane misha 400 zviuru. Matani. Mabasa nemauto ekufambisa ASKYA, izvo zvinosanganisira 75 National shipbuilding makambani, mu zvachose pave vanenge 80% ngarava dzose bhuku anobudiswa muJapan.

Kugadzirwa Japanese maindasitiri munharaunda ino kwakatanga mushure Second World War, apo yakatanga kuita chirongwa vakaronga shipbuilding muna 1947. Maererano nawo kambani akagamuchira kubva hurumende akanaka chaizvo subsidized zvikwereti, izvo nerimwe gore, pamwe nokuwedzera bhajeti kubva achikura.

Pakazosvika 1972, 28-I chirongwa yaisanganisira (nehurumende rubatsiro) kuvakwa zvikepe, zvaikosha 3304 zviuru. Grt. dambudziko The mafuta kunoderedza Zvisinei, pakafunuka, makateya chirongwa pashure pehondo semupi hwaro mudanga uye vabudirire ikure indasitiri.

Pakazosvika 2011 bhuku Kuti vokuJapan yakanga mamiriyoni 61 dwt. (Mamiriyoni 36 grt.). The musika mugove yakaramba kugadzikana pa 17% nokuda deadweight, pamwe unorema akarayira zvaiva hombe vatakuri (kushandiswa ngarava inotakura zvinhu chikepe kuti chokufambisa kwenhumbi mhando akadai zviyo, simende, marasha hombe) uye ezasi - nokuti kwematangi.

Panguva iyoyo, nhamba imwe pakuvaka zvikepe munyika, pasinei zvakakomba makwikwi kubva makambani Korean, richiri Japan. Specialization kuti bhizimisi uye kutsigira hurumende ndakasika urongwa hunotsigira makambani makuru yerera kunyange mumamiriro ezvinhu.

simbi

Nyika ine zviwanikwa shoma, uye saka akatanga zvirongwa kukura metallurgia kunzwisisa, zvainanga simba uye upfumi okuponesa. Itsva mhinduro uye ruzivo kubvumira emakambani kupfuura yechitatu yakaderera simba kuparadzwa, uye utsanzi vakashandisa vaviri panguva yakati sandara kambani, uye yose indasitiri.

Simbi, uyewo mamwe indasitiri specialization Industry kweJapan, akagashira kushingaira kukura pashure pehondo. Zvisinei, kana mamwe inoti vakatsvaka modernize uye kunatsurudza zvakatoitika huripo zvemichina ivo, hurumende nyika iyi kwabva dzimwe nzira. Huru kuita (uye mari) akagadzirirwa mukwanisi zvavakanga vachida kuita kupfuura michina yemhando yepamusoro panguva.

Kukurumidza kukura indasitiri akapfuurira inenge maviri emakore uye ukasvika yepamusoro muna 1973, apo 17.27% zvachose nyika simbi kugadzirwa vakawira mumwe Japan. Uye maererano unhu sezvarinotaura kuva mutungamiri. Dzinovhurika nayo, Inter Alia, kupinzwa ose metallurgia mbishi zvinhu. Pashure gore akanunura vanopfuura mamiriyoni 600 matani chemubhotoro uye mamiriyoni 110 matani esimbi esimbi zvigadzirwa.

Pakazosvika pakati pezana '90s, Chinese uye Korean simbi zvigayo kukwikwidzana vokuJapan, uye nyika yakatanga kudzikira kutungamirirwa nzvimbo yaro. Muna 2011, mamiriro ezvinhu akaita akarwarisa nokuda njodzi uye njodzi iri "Fukushima-1", asi maererano anofungidzirwa nokufungidzira yose zvinoderedza mwero goho hakuiti pfuura 2%.

Chemical uye Petrochemical Industry

Chemical indasitiri muJapan muna 2012 yakabereka zvigadzirwa pa 40,14 tiririyoni Yen. Nyika imwe vatungamiriri matatu nyika pavanoparidza United States uye China, pamwe vanenge 5.5 zviuru. Makambani kuti ainyanya uye kupa mabasa 880 zviuru. Man.

Mukati indasitiri enyika ndiyo yechipiri pakukura (mugove waro - 14% of nhamba), wechipiri chete zvokuimba mapurani. The Hurumende iri kukura nayo somumwe anokosha munzvimbo, kuteerera zvikuru kuti pave zvakatipoteredza noushamwari, energy- uye zvekuvaka-rokuponesa ruzivo.

Kugadzirwa zvigadzirwa vanotengeswa kuJapan uye aivigirwa: 75% - muAsia, munenge 10.2% - muna EU, 9.8% - muNorth America, etc. Hwaro ekisipoti - rabha, Photographic zvokushandisa uye zvinonhuwirira Mahydrocarbon, makemikari uye inorganic yeimwe, etc.

Nyika Japan uyewo Zvinhu zvigadzirwa (inzwi kupinza muna 2012 yairema anenge 6,1 tiririyoni Yen), kunyanya kubva EU, Asia uye USA.

Japan Chemical Industry mutungamiri kubudisa zvinhu nokuda zvemagetsi maindasitiri, kunyanya vanenge 70% yenyika pawaitengesa semiconductor zvigadzirwa, uye 65% - mvura sekristaro anoratidza, ndezvaiye Mapoka nyika ino chitsuwa.

In mamiriro ano yakawanda hanya rwakabhadharwa kuna kukura uye kugadzirwa kabhoni internet zvinoumba zvokuvakisa renyukireya uye avhiyesheni Mazinga.

Electronics

Zvizhinji pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna kukura mashoko uye foni zvekutepfenyura. In basa "chikuru locomotive indasitiri" ndivo-dimensional matatu mufananidzo yedzimudzangara michina, robotics, faibha optics uye Wireless runotevera network, akangwara network, "gore kadambari."

Scale kwezvivako anobata pamwe Japan, China uye US uye pakati pamusoro matatu. Muna 2012, uwandu Internet vanoshandisa munyika yakasvika 80% of zvachose kwevanhu. Mauto uye mari dziri dzinounzwa nokuda pakusikwa supercomputers, kuvandudzwa vakarongeka simba Kutarisira gadziriro uye simba-rokuponesa ruzivo.

energetics

Vanenge 80% simba kudiwa muJapan aifanira kuwanikwa ne kupinzwa. Pakutanga, basa iri kuridzwa ne huni, kunyanya mafuta kubva Middle East. Kuitira kuderedza kuvimba zvokuyamura muna Kunyika Sunrise Sun atora anoverengeka nezviyero, zvikurukuru mune rusarura pakati "atomu rugare".

Research zvirongwa mumunda renyukireya, Japan yakatanga muna 1954. Pane mitemo dzakawanda uye masangano yakasimbiswa zvakagadzirirwa kuzadzisa zvinangwa hurumende munharaunda iyi. reactor yokutanga vezvokutengeserana yenyukireya rave kutorwa kubva UK, akatanga basa rayo muna 1966.

Kwapera makore mashomanana ari utilities munyika yakatorwa pamwe kubva kuAmerica uye vanodhirowa mapoka omunharaunda vakavaka pamusoro pavo zvinhu. Japanese kambani Toshiba Co., Ltd., Hitachi Co., Ltd. uye vamwe vakatanga kugadzira uye kuvaka chiedza-mvura reactors pachavo.

Muna 1975, nokuda nezvinetso iripo nhepfenyuro kuvandudzika chirongwa kwakatangwa. Maererano nawo bhizimisi renyukireya muJapan muna 1985 vaifanira kuenda mumatanho zvitatu: maviri okutanga kunosanganisira kuchinja aivapo zvivako kuitira kuvandudza mashandiro avo uye kugadzira, uye wechitatu zvinodiwa kuwedzera kukwanisa kusvika 1300-1400 MW uye kuti dzinokosha kuchinja reactors.

mutemo wakadaro zvakakonzera chokwadi kuti muna 2011 Japan akanga 53 anodawo reactors, izvo zvinopa zvinopfuura 30% munyika yacho magetsi zvinodiwa.

Mushure "Fukushima"

Muna 2011, kuti simba indasitiri muJapan akagashira rakakomba nokurova. Somugumisiro, kudengenyeka kwenyika rakasimba munhoroondo yacho uye kwakatevedzana Tsunami pamusoro renyukireya nesimba chirimwa "Fukushima-1" tsaona yacho. Pashure leakage yakaitika ipapo hombe radioactive zvinhu kunge utachiona 3% munyika, vanhu vari munharaunda yakapoteredza yemapurisa (anenge 80 zviuru. Pers.) Ikava kugara.

Chiitiko ichi waitwa nyika dzakawanda kufunga sei zvikuru unogamuchirwa uye njodzi mudzimu atomu.

Inside Japan, paiva sefungu pemitongo chete zvinodiwa kusiya simba zvenyukireya. Pakazosvika 2012, vakawanda nhepfenyuro yacho nyika yakanga akagura. MuJapan maindasitiri nyaya mumakore achangodarika zvinopinda mutongo mumwe: "nyika iri kuedza kuva" munyoro "."

Zvino chaizvoizvo asisiri anoshandisa atomu, vakawanda nzira - negasi. Zvizhinji pfungwa akabhadharawo kuti renewable simba: zuva, mvura uye mhepo.