Iyo yakagadzirirwa zvikuru yeparariya plasmodium. Upenyu hwehupenyu, sarudzo, kuwedzera kwechirwere

Pasinei nekurapa kwemishonga, marariya inoramba iri imwe yezvirwere zvakajairika mumazuva ano. Kunyangwe kune ikozvino mishonga yekubudirira kwayo, asi gore negore inotora hupenyu hwevanhu vanenge mamiriyoni maviri. Marariya inoreva zvirwere zveprotozoal uye inokonzerwa nehutachiona hudiki - plasmadium yemarariya. Ane dambudziko rakakura rokufambira mberi, uye anogona kunge ari mumuviri wemutakuri. Saka, iwe unogona kubata malaria kana iwe ukaruma utsi. Uyu ndiye muridzi mukuru weparariya plasmodium. Uye munhu ndiye tenzi wake wepakati.

Chii chinonzi malarious plasmodium

Icho causative agent inhengo yemaviri. Iyo inotaura nezve-sub-archeology yeprotozoan, iyo plasmodial order. Mhuka ina bedzi dzinobva kune dzakawanda zvezvipembenene izvi dzinokonzera muviri wemunhu uye dzinokonzera marariya. Ichi chirwere chinoshandiswawo se-suborder yeropa sporoviks, sezvo inowedzera mumasero eropa, inopa hemoglobin uye inoparidzirwa neropa. Chimwe chezvinhu zvakajeka ndezvekuti zvinosanganisira sekare rimwe chete, asi rinoshanda semhuka yakasununguka. Chii chinonzi plasrial plasmodium? Chimiro chayo chakafanana nechechimwe sero, asi chinongova chakaoma kunzwisisa, sezvo ichipfuura kuburikidza nehupenyu hwayo kusvika pamatanho. Ichi chimiro hachisi kungogovana chete, asiwo chinoshandura chimiro, chinokura uye chinounza zvepabonde uye zvekare.

Mhando uye chimiro chezvipembenene

Mhando ina chete yemarariya plasmodia inokonzera chirwere kuvanhu. Chimiro uye mararamiro ehupenyu vane zvakafanana, kusiyana kune nzira dzekuratidzwa kwechirwere. Maererano neizvi vanonzi:

- causative agent inopisa malaria;

- chinokonzera kukanganisa kwemazuva matatu emarariya;

- causative agent wemazuva mana emarariya;

- causative agent weaval malaria.

Chii chinonzi plasrial plasmodium? Chimiro chei microorganism chakasiyana pamatanho akasiyana ekugadzirwa. Inopinda mumuviri wemunhu plasmodia muchimiro che sporozoid - nhengo shoma yevermiform unicellular muviri ine urefu hwe 5-8 μm chete. Mushure mokunge uchitangira mu erythrocytes, zvinotora maitiro e amoeba, inokura uye inoparadza masero eropa. Chirwere cheshuga chinogonawo kuva se gametocyte gametes, uye mumumhutu ivo vanobatanidza kuva sporocyst.

Upenyu hwemarariya plasmodia

Icho chinhu chakaoma. Munguva yekushanduka kwehutachiona yakagadziriswa kurarama mumutumbi wezvimwe zvipenyu, kusarudza kune mauto maviri: umhutu uye munhu. Nokudaro, hutachiona hwemarariya hunowanzoitika kuburikidza nekurumwa kwezvipembenene kana zvakananga kuburikidza neropa. Zvinotendwa kuti muiti wekupedzisira weparariya plasmodium munhu. Mushure mezvose, ane zviratidzo zvechirwere, uye utsi hahutombocherechedzi kuti chii chiri kutakura. Asi chaizvoizvo, iri muzvipembenene izvo zvipembenene zvinowedzera zvepabonde. Nokudaro, masayendisiti akaratidza kuti munhu ari pakati peparamusidium yemarariya. Chii chinokurudzirwa kwemukoko wezvipembenene?

1. Paunenge uchiyamwisa ropa rakapindwa muropa mumuviri wemuswe, maitiro ekurara zvepabonde plasmodium masero anopinda. Ikoko ndiko kwavanosvina uye, vachizvibatanidza pachavo kumudumbu wemumonyo, vanotanga kugovana. Nhamba yose yeporozoids yepasisite inogona kusvika mazana emazana, akawanda acho ari mumaronda emumusango. Ndicho chikonzero chibage chinonyanya kuva muridzi weparariya plasmodium.

2. Kana utsi hwekukurumidzira, sporozoids inopinda muropa revanhu. Ikoko zvipembenene zvinopfurikidza nezvikamu zviviri zvekusimudzirwa. Inopatsanurwa muchiropa, ichiita merozoite, uye inopinda mumasero matsvuku eropa, uko inotarisana nekuberekorora kuberekwa.

Main host of malarial plasmodia

Mutakuri wehutachiona utsi hwemukadzi hwemhando imwechete - kurarama munzvimbo inotonhora. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti kunyanya kwemalaria plasmodidium inokwanisika chete pamasero epamusoro pedhigirii 16. Uye vazhinji vanoshingaira izvi zvinenge pa25-28 digiri. Kuita zvepabonde maharai mumasero anogona kungogadzirwa ipapo. Yatova mumaminitsi gumi nemaminitsi gumi nemashanu zygote yakaumbwa, iyo inoshanduka kuva sporocyst uye inonamatira kune rusvingo rwokunze rwechirwere chemudumbu. Ikoko anotanga kugovana. Mune imwe sporocyst, zviuru zvinokwana sporozoid zvinoumbwa. Uye masero akadaro anogadzirwa mumutumbi wemumonyo anogona kuva yakawanda. Nokudaro, nhamba ye sporozoids inogona kusvika mazana ezviuru. Vanopararira mumumhutu hwemumumvuri, kuunganidza mumaronda ayo emakumbo. Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo sporozoids yeparariya plasmodium inopinda muropa revanhu.

Upenyu hwehutachiona mumuviri womunhu

Apo utsi hunokurumidzira, iyo inotakura ye microorganism, malaria plasmodium inopinda muropa revanhu. Chirwere chepachiviri mumuviri chinopfuura nepakati pezvikamu zviviri zvekukura: mhuka uye erythrocyte. Icho chiri muchikamu chechipiri che plasmdium uye chinokonzera zviratidzo zvemarariya.

1. Chikamu chekutanga chinonzi mishonga schizogony. Inopinda mukati memasero emuviri, sporozoid inotanga kugovana, ichiumba kusvika 50 000 merozoites. Vanoenda kuropa, vachipinda mumasero matsvuku eropa. Iyi nhanho haina kukonzera zviratidzo uye inopera kubva pamazuva mashanu kusvika ku16. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, somuenzaniso, kana uchitapukisa plasmodium trednevnoy malaria, chikamu chemaporozoid chinoramba chiri muchiropa muhubernation, mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare zvichikonzera kudzokazve kwechirwere ichi.

2. Apo plasmodium inobva muchiropa ichipinda muropa, inopinda ma erythrocytes, uye nzira yegungwa ye erythrocytic schizogony inotanga. Kudyisa pa hemoglobin, merozoites inobudirira uye inoparadzanisa, kuumba masero matsva: kusagadzikana kwepabonde uye zvepabonde - gametocytes. Nokuparadza iyo erythrocyte, inopinda muropa remvura. Panguva ino, munhu ane fever inorwisa. Apo gametocytes inoumba muropa romunhu, inova muto wehutachiona, uye kana umhutu uchinwa, plasmodium inopinda mumuviri wezvipembenene uye inotanga kubereka zvepabonde ikoko.

Kubudirira kwehutachiona muropa revanhu

Chiiko chinonzi malarious plasmodium ine ngozi kune munhu? Kuberekwa kwaro muropa revanhu kunotungamirira kukuparadzwa kwemasero matsvuku eropa. Mune masero aya eropa, chirwere ichi chinotarisana nekuchinja kwakasiyana-siyana: maMerozoites anoenda kudanga re trophozoid, iro rinodyarwa ne hemoglobin uye rinokura nekukurumidza, saka schizonts inoumbwa. Dzinobereka zvinopisa uye dzinoparadza sero tsvuku yeropa. Panguva imwecheteyo, mapuroteni ekunze, potassium salts, masara emasero eropa akaparadzwa uye michina yemagetsi yemapasasiti inopinda muropa. Mukuwedzera kune zvinopisa fever, izvi zvinokonzera kukanganiswa kwechiropa uye spleen, zvichiita kuti kupararira kwezvibvumirano zvinobatanidza mavari. Kuparadzaniswa kwemasero matsvuku eropa kunokonzera chirwere chekushaya ropa. Uropi hunowanzobatwa, iyo inokonzerwa nekuwedzera kwezvakakosha zvemapapuriri.

Zviratidzo zveMalaria

Ichi chirwere, chinonzi "marsh fever", chinozivikanwa kubvira kare. Yakanga yakapararira munyika dzose dzinotyisa. Muzana remakore rechi17 chete chirwere chacho chakabudirira kuburikidza nekubatsirwa kwebhanchona bark. Uye pamagumo ezana remakore rechi19, mutevedzeri wakaipa akawanikwa. Uye chete pakati pezana remakore rechi20 upenyu hwehupenyu hwemarrium plasdiumdium hwakadzidzwa zvakadzama, mishonga inoshanda yakagadzirirwa kurapa chirwere ichi. Pasinei neizvi, vanhu vanopfuura mamiriyoni 300 vanorwara ne malariya gore negore munyika dzinopisa. Inenge mamiriyoni maviri emhosva dzinopera murufu. Ichi chirwere chinoratidzwa nezvikamu zvina:

- Kubatanidzwa nguva, umo kune utera, musoro.

- Chikamu chechipiri, feverish. Inotanga nesimba rakasimba. Panguva ino, kupisa kunowedzera kuwedzera, kuwedzera kunomuka, uye murwere haagoni kupisa. Mushure memaawa 1-3, kutonhora kunokwira kusvika kune digirii 41, kuora mwoyo, kuputika uye kuora musoro kunoitika. Mushure maizvozvi, kutonhora kunonaya, iyo inofambidzana nepfungwa yakasimba.

- Pashure pekubata 10-12, hutachiona hunopera uye imwe yechipiri yechipfuva inoonekwa.

- Kana kurapwa kwakanga kusina kunaka, ipapo kudzokazve kwechirwere kunoitika mumwedzi mishomanana. Inogonawo kusimuka munyaya yehutachiona neimwe yemhando ye plasmodium inokonzera kupisa marariya. Chikamu che sporozoids chezvipembenene izvi zvinoramba chiri muchiropa chomunhu mune dormant state.

Ndeipi ngozi yechirwere ichi?

Kuwedzera kune nguva dzinowanzoitika fevha, marariya inokonzera kukanganiswa kwehurongwa hwose uye nhengo dzevanhu. Dystrophy yemyocardium, neuritis, migraine, nephritis, thrombocytopenia uye anemia inogona kukura. Chiropa neitsvo zvakanyanya kukanganiswa. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, chirwere chinowanikwa muhupenyu husingaperi uye zvakaoma kurapa. Vana vari kunyanya kunetseka kuhutachiwana - kufa pakati pavo kwakanyanya. Kusvikira ikozvino, chirwere chacho chinowanzoitika muAfrica, Australia, South America, kugungwa kweMvura Dzvuku uye yeMediterranean, Southeast Asia neIndia.

Kurapa nekudzivirira marariya

Kunyange munharaunda yemazuva ano hazvibviri kutsungirira chirwere ichi. Mushure mezvose, muridzi mukuru weparariya plasmodium muteyo. Uye kune dzimwe nyika dzinopisa, kunyanya nemamiriro okunze anonaya, zvipembenene izvi zvakanyanya. Saka, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha mukudzivirira zvirwere ndechekuzvidzivirira kubva kune zvipembenene. Kuti uite izvi, unogona kushandisa mambure eumhutu kana kudzivisa. Kuchengetedza chirwere ichi pamusana pehutachiona, mishonga yakawanda ikozvino inoshandiswa: Chlorozine, Mefloquine, Primachin, Akrihin uye Quinine, iyo yakave ichizivikanwa kubva muzana remakore rechi19, kwete kungokurumidza kusimbisa zviratidzo zvekutanga kwekurwisa, asi zvakare kuparadza zvachose maronda. Vanhu vanogara munzvimbo inopisa uye vane chirwere chinowanzochengetedza utachiona hwechirwere ichi, asi vanogona kutakura utachiona, uye avo vanozoenda kunyika dzakadaro vanorayirwa kuti varambe vachitora mishonga yemishonga.