Ivan Fyodorov: Biography hwake, mapikicha

Wokutanga bhuku vaidhinda muRussia akaberekera zita Moskovitin. Asi zvizvarwa pakuzivikanwa se Ivan Fedorov. The Biography munhu anoshamisa uyu azere zviitiko uye kufamba, izvo zvakakosha kusimbisa inokosha mashoko. Izvi abstracts pfupi woupenyu munhu mukuru akava hwaro pakusikwa mabhuku nyaya "Ivan Fedorov Biography kuvana." Biography womunhu uyu achava dzinonakidza kuna ani naani anofarira kukura mabhuku Russian, zvikurukuru vechiduku vaverengi. Biography Ivan Fedorov vana vanofanira kureva huru yemabasa ake sechinhu shamwari uye piyona. Zvechokwadi, kukura mutauro wokuRussia hazvibviri kufungidzira pasina rinodhindira. Uye zita muvambi Russian bhuku - Ivan Fedorov.

kwakarongwa vitae

upenyu piyona kwemakore - 1510-1583. Musi chaiwo yokuberekwa Ivan Moskovitina USINGAZIKAMWI. zita rake riri kazhinji hazvina kuitika pamusoro mhuri zita uye nzvimbo yokuberekerwa. Panguva Russ rainzi kweutongi duku, inoona nezvenjodzi kunoshanda Rzeczpospolita. Yakakura wokumusoro ano Russia muzana remakore rechi16 vaizivikanwa kuti vatorwa Muscovy.

Zvinozivikanwa kuti pane muduku, Ivan akafamba zvikuru uye akadzidza pa mumayunivhesiti European. VokuEurope kuverenga akarova Ivan Moskvitina - nokuti nguva bhuku yakadhindwa rave richizivikanwa kwemakore anopfuura zana muEurope. Education pamwero dzimwe nguva zvakanga zvakasiyana zvaakanga aona pamba Ivan Fedorov. Biography zvaisazova kwakakwana pasina nyaya chii pfungwa raita Europe.

Kudhinda imba yokutanga

An dzinonakidza Biography Ivana Fedorova vana vanofanira dziri nzvimbo yokutanga kudhindwa imba, iyo yaiva pamusoro nharaunda nyika yedu iri. Yokutanga typographic workshop yakavhurwa muMoscow. mabasa ayo chokuita zvakasimba zita wayo, uyo aizviti Ivan Fedorov. Brief Biography munhu uyu zvinoratidza kuti ichi chinhu chakanaka haana kutanga rimwe, uye pamwe typographer nemumwe wake ainzi Petr Timofeevich Mstislavtsev chinhu. Maererano nomurayiro chevaux Ivan vanotyisa, iri kudhinda dzakabudiswa mabhuku echitendero. Mhosva wamambo wokudhinda akagadzwa Ivan Fedorov. Brief Biography vana zvingaratidza kuti chokutanga aidhinda waiva randisingagoni - iye akatema akaoma rinodhindira, uchishandisa bhodhi peya muti, akauya naye dzakaunganidzwa fonts, iye yakashongedzwa ake mabhuku okutanga.

"Mupositora"

First rakabudiswa bhuku ravo rinonzi "MuApostora." Biography Ivan Fedorov vana havagoni hanya bhuku rino mavara. Amazing vignettes, akajeka kudhinda fonts uye mifananidzo yakanaka kuti iri bhuku rive basa ounyanzvi.

Vakawanda "mupositora" Shanduro ane mhinduro yacho purinda. Ivo mutsinhiri akazova murume akadzidza zvikuru, aikwanisa mumabhuku dzemunharaunda mutauro Russian panguva. Vazhinji zvakataurwa yakanga yakasainwa nyore, "Ivan Fedorov". Brief Biography uyu anofanira hazvo anoratidza kuti mabhuku akabudisa kwete chete panguva behest chamambo. Chinangwa chikuru chemusha munyori akanga kubudisa bhuku "iri kufadzwa nevanhu Russian." chokutanga "Muapostora" The chakabereka zvizere mvumo yeChechi, uye yakabudiswa aine makopi maBhaibheri 2,000. It richiripo hapana zvinopfuura 60 rarities.

"Breviary"

bhuku rechipiri, yakabudiswa muMoscow typographic workshop aiva "Breviary." Vanyori varo yakaramba Peter Mstislavets uye Ivan Fedorov. Biography Russian bhuku-aidhinda kwamira mashoma ari mubhuku yake yechipiri. Zvinozivikanwa kuti iye waivawo mabhuku wechitendero, uye rave vakabvuma kuti venhau pamwe zvizere mvumo yeChechi yeOrthodox.

kuchinjika

Biography Ivan Fedorov vana havafaniri inobva inosuruvarisa Zvikamu hwake. Nokuti zvikonzero mhiri zvokudhinda bhizimisi rake muMoscow aitofanira kuvhura. Zvichida chikonzero pakubva kwavo kwakanga kwava pedyo ngozi varwi itsva Ivana Groznogo - the Varindi. Chokutanga aidhinda vakatiza Grand Duchy of Moscow uye vakagara Grand Duchy pamusoro Lithuania, muguta Zabłudów, iyo pari iri munharaunda kwePoland. Kubwinya wokutanga vaidhinda uye ukasvika kure nenzvimbo idzi - Fedorov uye Mstislavets noushamwari muchivanze ari Hetman Grigoriya Aleksandrovicha Hotkevicha. Big vateveri Orthodoxy uye mutsigiri mukuru rusununguko Duchy pakati Lithuania, akapa ake kudzivirira wokutanga purinda. Pasina nguva typographic workshop duku rakaumbwa pasi patronage wake umo anogadzirira chinyorwa remabhuku Church kwechiSlavonic.

"Kuti kudzidzisa vhangeri"

Zabludovskii yokutanga shanduro yakanga "kudzidzisa vhangeri," rakabudiswa muna 1569. Pashure ake mbudo nzira diverged vaidhinda rokutanga - Mstislavets akaenda kuguta Vilna, uye zvose kufunganya pamusoro kutapwa kudhinda akatora pamusoro Ivan Fedorov. Biography kwenguva upenyu chinoratidza kuti nyaya yave kupfeka chikonzero chakasimba, uye mabhuku matsva akawana vaverengi vavo. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti nguva bhuku haisi kwazvo zivo, senzira zvivako guru. Akadhindwa zvigadzirwa kwaidhura chaizvo, uye enterprising vapfumi vanosarudza mari mubhuku, kwete hanya zvakanyorwa mazviri. Chero zvakanga, "kudzidzisa vhangeri" zvaakakuratidza kubudirira ichi kuita, uye Ivan Fyodorov akatanga kufunga itsva reShanduro bhuku.

"Psalms"

1570 kwaiva zvakanakisisa nguva yose vaigara Zdolbunov. Mugore rino vakabuda vazhinji akakurumbira "Mapisarema", wakashongedzwa frontispisnoy achiita zvokutemera kuratidza Mambo Dhavhidhi weIsraeri. Ichi chimwe chezvinhu dzakaisvonaka mabhuku Fedorova, zvaakanga yakatsaurirwa anorichengeta ake - parimwe mapeji Emblem pakati Khotkevych. Zvinosuruvarisa nguva yedu akapukunyuka mana chete makopi ebhuku - vaviri vari Western Europe - mumwe Russia uye mumwe - iri Ukraine.

The Union Lublin akaisa Hetman Khotkevych mune akaoma. Aisagona kutsigira anokosha Kudhinda, uye akamanikidzwa kuramba Fedorov rutsigiro uye patronage. Book aidhinda ushamwari Zabłudów akasiya uye takatamira kuguta. Saka vakatanga nguva basa rake muLviv.

Muna 1574, yokutanga muUkraine typographic workshop rakaumbwa muLviv. Uye zvakare chete munyori, muverengi mupepeti ndiye Ivan Fedorov. Biography vana vaizova nechokwadi kuti unosanganisira kudzokera wokutanga bhuku-aidhinda zvaakasika - Lviv yokutanga bhuku rake "MuApostora" rakatanga zvakare. MuLviv Fedorov handina kuva munhu mari kana chinzvimbo, saka Lviv "muapostora" - ichi ndekokutanga mabhuku Fedorova, ine yayo kuzivisa muchiso. Pano, chokutanga bhuku girama yakabudiswa Russian, yainzi "ABC".

Jobs in Konstantina Ostrozhskogo

Nokufamba kwenguva, mukuru mhanza akasiya piyona, uye muLviv, akatanga kuva zvemari chipingamupinyi. Akamanikidzwa curtail mabasa ayo uye kubvuma kukokwa mupfumi uye nesimba tycoon - Prince Konstantina Ostrozhskogo. Prince akachingamidza vanhu vakadzidza uye vakaonga vanhu kwavo, ndizvo dzakapoteredzwa mubatanidzwa pakati vanhu masayendisiti rinotungamirirwa Gerasim Smotritskaya. Pane raishanda Ostroh Academy, izvo chaizvo pachake "Drukarnya" ayo - nekuti pamazuva iwayo yainzi typographic workshop. Pano Ivan Fedorov vakaita gadziriro Bhuku nemamwe Bhaibheri rakanga sedzinokosha zvose zvinowanikwa panguva raMwari rinodhindira.

Muna 1580 Ostroh imba kudhinda yakasunungura New Testament pamwe Psalms. Saka paiva "bhuku-dzakaunganidzwa zvinhu nainuzhnyh", rakanyorwa Timothy M. Ivan Fedorov. Biography vana vanofanira kunongedzera zviri kusunungurwa ichi. "Bhuku .." The raiva pfupi mazita zvimwe chetezvo kubva muTestamende Itsva, pamwe chiratidzo nzvimbo dzavo pamusoro mapeji eEvhangeri. Interesting magadzirirwo "bhuku" - nebutiro peji bhuku wakashongedzwa gedhi hombe, anokumbira muverengi kuziva nyika mabhuku.

Ostrog Bible

Chokwadi, yakakurumbira zvikuru pakadhindwa Ivan Fedorov iyi raiva Ostroh Bible. basa rinoshamisa Ndiyo nhaka tsika necheSalvic marudzi ose, uye mharidzo basa rokudhinda unyanzvi. Kana munhu aiva kubudisa bhuku "Ivan Fedorov. Brief Biography vana "- Photo Ostrog Bhaibheri zvakarurama kunge graced frontispiece kwayo. Pamwe magazini mashanu bhuku rino guru. Ivan Fedorov akagadzirisa nyaya yake zvemari, uye akadzokera kuguta pamusoro nyika. Pano akaedza kuzodzosera kuvhura typographic workshop, asi akafa asina kuona migumisiro zvavo kuedza. Lviv kuvhura imba imwe kudhinda vana mukana kupayona uye nevadzidzi vake. Fedorov akavigwa Onufrievskom kumakuva pedyo netemberi. Mwanakomana uye vadzidzi vakakodzera piyona Ivan Fedorov akaramba bhizimisi, asi haana kusvika mukurumbira mudzidzisi wake.