Ita tafura nechakomba chikamu: sarudzo, kuverenga

Kubva kusarudzo yakarurama kwechikamu chekugadzira magetsi kunobva mukunyaradzwa nekuchengeteka mumba. Kana mutoro wacho uchinge wazara, mutakiti anotonhora, uye kuvharira kunogona kusungunuka, zvichiguma nemoto kana pfupi pfupi. Asi chikamu chemuchinjikwa hachina kukanganisa, sezvo mutengo wekanda unowedzera.

Nenzira yakawanda, inotarwa zvichienderana nenhamba yevatengi, iyo inotanga kugadzirisa simba rose rinoshandiswa neimba, uye zvino kuwedzera mhinduro ye 0.75. Mune PUE tefura yemitoro inoshandiswa pamwe chete nechetatu chikamu. Inogona kuve nyore kuona hupamhi hwenhare, iyo inobva pane zvinhu uye kupfuura ikozvino. Sezvo mutemo, vatungamiri vemhangura vanoshandiswa.

Muchikamu chemuchinjikwa wekambani yekambani inofanira kufanana nemutungamiri akaverengerwa - mune chinangwa chekuwedzera muyero wekuyera. Inonyanya kukuvadza kana iri pasi. Ipapo mutungamiri anoramba achiwedzera, uye kuvhara kwekukurumidza kunokundikana. Uye kana iwe ukaisa sangano rakakodzera rakasununguka, saka rinowanzoitika.

Kana chikamu chemuchinjikwa chetambo chakakwirira kwazvo, chinodhura zvakawanda. Kunyange zvazvo imwe sangano inodikanwa, sezvinoitika mune ramangwana, sekutonga, zvakakosha kubatanidza zvishandiso zvitsva. Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa kuchengetedzwa kwehutano hwe-1.5.

Kuenzanisa kwesimba rose

Simba rose rinopedzwa neimba rinowira pamusoro pekupinza kukuru, iyo inopinda mubato rokuparadzira, uye mushure mekunge ichitarisa pamutsara:

• Lighting;
• Makira ezvigaro;
• Kusiyanisa magetsi emagetsi ane simba.

Nokudaro, chikamu chakakura chekambani yemagetsi chiri pane zvayo. Pamitsetse yakabuda inoderedza, zvichienderana nemutoro. Chokutanga pane zvose, simba rose rezvinhu zvose rinotarirwa. Izvi hazvisi zvakaoma, sezvo zvinoratidzwa pamakamuri ese edzimba dzemagetsi uye mumapasipoti kwavari.

Zvose zvinokwanisa kuwedzerwa. Saizvozvowo, kuverenga kunogadzirwa kune rumwe rutivi rwakafanana. Nyanzvi dzinokurudzira kuwedzera chiyero chacho nekuderedza chinokwana che 0.75. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti zvese zviyero hazvibatanidzwi mumutambo panguva imwe chete. Vamwe vanoratidza kusarudza chikamu chikuru. Izvi zvinogadzira nzvimbo yekutumirwa kwemamwe magetsi emagetsi anogona kutengwa mune ramangwana. Inofanira kuonekwa kuti iyi shanduro ye cable cable inowedzera kuvimbika.

Nzira yekuziva sei chikamu chemuchinjikwa wetambo?

Pose kuverengwa, chikamu chemuchinjikwa chetambo chinooneka. Nehupamhi hwayo, zviri nyore kuziva kana zvinotevera zvinoshandiswa:

• S = π D² / 4 ;
• D = √ (4 × S / π).

Where π = 3.14.

Muchengeteredzwa, iwe unotanga kuverenga kuverenga nhamba yematare (N). Ipapo hupamhi (D) hweumwe wavo hunotariswa, mushure mokunge nzvimbo yechipfuva ichigadzirirwa:

S = N × D² / 1,27.

Nhare dzakasimbiswa dzinoshandiswa apo kushanduka kunodiwa. Izvo zvinodhura zvidzitiro zvinoshandiswa pakugadzirisa nzvimbo.

Nzira yekusarudza tambo sei nesimba?

Kuti usarudze wiring, tafura yezvitoro nekambani yekambo inoshandiswa:

• Kana mutsara wevhu wakasununguka uri pasi pemagetsi 220 V, uye simba rose rinokwana 4 kW, mutungamiriri wemhangura we 1.5 mm² chikamu chemuchinjikwa anotorwa. Iko ukuru inowanzoshandiswa pakuchenesa wiring.
• Pachine simba re6 kW, mitsetse ine rutivi rukuru rwema 2.5 mm² inodiwa. Tsero inoshandiswa kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa dzimba dzemagetsi.
• Simba re-10 kW rinoda kushandiswa kwekambo ye 6 mm². Kazhinji zvinotarisirwa kukicheni, uko gwenzi yegesi yakabatanidzwa. Nzira yemutoro wakadaro inogadzirwa pane imwe mutsara.

Ndeipi micheka iri nani?

Vashandi vezvigetsi vanoziva muGerman NUM cable yehofisi uye nzvimbo dzekugara. MuRussia, makambani emakanda anobudiswa ayo akaderera mukushanda, kunyange zvazvo angave ane zita rimwe chete. Vanogona kusiyaniswa nekuderera kwekemukari munzvimbo iyo pakati pemitsipa kana kusavapo kwayo.

Tsero inoitwa mu monolithic uye multiwire. Mheto imwe neimwe, pamwe chete nehutambo hwose kunze, inoputirwa nePVC, kuzadzwa pakati pavo kusingaiti:

• Saka, iyo cable NUM inoshandiswa mumba, nokuti kuvhara mumugwagwa kunoparadzwa nemazuva ezuva.
• Uye sekuti mukati nekunze magetsi wiring inowanzoshandiswa cable brand BBG. Hazvina mari uye ndeyechokwadi. Nokurara muvhu hazvibvumirwi kushandiswa.
• Wire VVG brand inogadziriswa uye yakazara. Pakati pemakwenzi, kuzadza hakushandiswi.
• Ivhavha yeVVGng-P-LS inoitwa nejapete rekunze risingabatsiri kupisa. Mipfupa inoitwa zvakapoteredza chikamu chemuchinjikwa we 16 mm², uye kupfuura - chikamu.
• Zvigadzirwa zvePVS neSVVP cables zvakagadzirwa zve multiwire uye zvinoshandiswa kunyanya kubatanidza midziyo yemhuri. Inowanzoshandiswa seyemagetsi yechirongwa chekugadzira magetsi. Mumugwagwa, makumbo akadzikidzirwa haafaniri kushandiswa nekuda kwekuora. Mukuwedzera, kuputika kwekuisa pasi kunokonzera kutsika yakadzika.
• Pasi pomugwagwa pasi pevhu makanga mune zvigaro zvakasimba uye zvisinganyunyisi АВБШв и ВБШв. Nhumbi dzakagadzirwa nemapoka maviri esimbi, iyo inowedzera kuvimbika kwekambo uye inoita kuti isapesana nemagetsi kushungurudzika.

Kutsunga kwemazuva ano mutoro

Chimwe chikonzero chakajeka ndeye kuverenga kwemufaro wekambani-chikamu chemasimba uye ikozvino, apo magedhi geometric anofananidzwa nemagetsi.

Pamusha wiring, kwete chete mutoro unoshanda, asiwo mutoro unoshandiswa unofanirwa kuverengwa. Ikozvino yakagadziriswa neshoko:

I = P / (U ∙ cosφ).

Basa rekuita basa rinogadzira mwenje ye luminescent uye injini dzemagetsi emagetsi (firiji, chitubu chinoshandiswa, chigoni chemagetsi, nezvimwewo).

Muenzaniso wekuverenga chikamu chemuchinjikwa wekambani yezvino

Ngatitsvakei kuti tinofanira kuitei kana iwe uchida kuziva chikamu chemukati chemhangura yemhangura yekubatanidza mishonga yemagetsi ane simba rose re 25 kW nemichina mitatu yemagetsi ne10 kW. Izvi zvinoshandiswa nekashanu-kati yekanda yakaiswa pasi. Zvokudya zveimba zvinogadzirwa kubva kumatanho matatu.

Tichifunga nezvekuita basa, simba reimba midziyo nemidziyo zvichave:

• P _{upenyu hwezuva nezuva.} = 25 / 0.7 = 35.7 kW;
• P _обор. = 10 / 0.7 = 14.3 kW.

Mvura inopinda mukati inotsanangurwa inotsanangurwa:

• Ini ndiri _mupenyu. = 35.7 × 1000/220 = 162 A;
• I _obor. = 14.3 × 1000/380 = 38 A.

Kana tikagovera mitero yema-phase imwechete muzvikamu zvitatu, imwe ichave ino:

I _φ = 162/3 = 54 A.

Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chichava nemutoro wezvino:

I = = 54 + 38 = 92 A.

Zvose zvombo panguva imwe chete hazvigoni kushanda. Tichifunga nezvenharaunda pachikamu chega chega, kune ikozvino:

I _φ = 92 × 0.75 × 1.5 = 103.5 A.

Muchikwereti chechishanu-kati, chete mapoka ekufambisa anotorwa munyaya. Nokuda kwetambo yakaiswa pasi, zvinokwanisika kuziva musara-chikamu chevatungamiri ve 16 mm² nokuda kwemazuva ano 103.5 A (Tafura yemitoro iri pamwe nechomukati chekamu).

Kuenzanisa kwakanatswa kwemazuva ano kunoita kuti zvive nyore kuchengetedza mari, sezvo chikamu chiduku chemuchinjikwa chinodiwa. Nekudzivirira kabha kuverenga kwemasimba, chikamu chepakati chemukati chichava 25 mm2, iyo inodhura zvakawanda.

Voltage inodonha pamucheka

Vadzidzisi vanogadzirisa, izvo zvinofanira kuverengwa. Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kune urefu hurefu hwetambo kana kuti zvikamu zviduku zvemuchinjikwa. PES nheyo dzakasimbiswa, maererano nezvinodiwa nemagetsi pamaketani haafaniri kudarika 5%. Iko kuverenga kunoitwa sezvinotevera.

1. Mutevedzeri wekutengesa anotsanangurwa: R = 2 × (ρ × L) / S.
2. Kune donho yevhiri: U _pad. = I × R. Nekuda kwepakati muzana, ichave: U _% = (U _{pad./U lin.} ) × 100.

Izvo zvinotevera mapepa anoshandiswa mumashoko aya:

• Ρ - kushorwa zvakananga, Ohm × mm² / m;
• S ndiyo nzvimbo yepamusoro-soro, mm².

Ikojiji 2 inoratidza kuti ikozvino inoyerera nepakati pemakumbo maviri.

Muenzaniso wekamberi kuverenga kwechigodhi chinodonha

Somuenzaniso, zvakakosha kuverenga gonho remhepo pamutoro wechitinha chemuitisi we 2.5 mm², mamita makumi maviri kureba. Zvakakosha kubatanidza welding transformer nesimba re 7 kW.

• Kurwisana kwetambo ndiko: R = 2 (0.0175 × 20) / 2.5 = 0.28 Ω .
• Nhasi simba mumutevedzeri : I = 7000/220 = 31.8 A.
• Voltage inodonha pamusoro pekutakura: U _pad. = 31.8 × 0.28 = 8.9 V.
• Percentage of voltage drop: U _% = (8,9 / 220) × 100 = 4,1 %.

Kutakura kunokodzera kumushini wekugadzira maererano nezvinodiwa nemitemo yekushandiswa kwekugadzirisa magetsi, sezvo kuwandisa kwemhepo inodonha pairi iri mukati mekurara. Zvisinei, kukosha kwayo pamatare ekugadzirisa kunoramba kwakakura, izvo zvingakanganisa kushambadzira. Pano zvakakosha kutarisa rezasi rinobvumirwa kugadziriswa kwemhepo yemuchina wokugadzira.

Mhedziso

Kuti uchengetedze nekuchengetedza wiring kubva pakupisa kwenguva yakareba kupfuura iyo yakatarwa ikozvino, mitsara yepamberi yekamberi inotaridzirwa kwenguva refu yakagamuchirwa. Iko kuverenga kunonyoresa kana tafura yemitoro inoshandiswa pamativi echakomba. Chimwe chikonzero chakajeka chinowanikwa kana kuverenga kuchiitwa pamusana parizvino mutoro. Uye nokuda kwebasa rakasimba uye rinogara kwenguva refu mudunhu rekugadzira, mutsigiri wedunhu unoiswa.