Irish munyori, mudetembi uye munyori wemitambo Bekket Semyuel: A Biography, inobudisa zvitsva uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Irishman Bekket Semyuel riri pakati Nobel Prize vakundi anonzi mabhuku maturo. Kujairirana basa rake, iro iye anoshandisa muna Chirungu uye chiFrench, mushanduro Russian akatanga mutambo "Kumirira Godot". Zvakanga iye wakakubudisa kubudirira rokutanga Beckett (mumwaka 1952 - 1953 years). Parizvino, zvikuru yakakurumbira munyori wemitambo Semyuel Bekket. Anotamba makore akasiyana navo, kuiswa dzemitambo dzakawanda pasi pose.

Zviri kutamba "Kumirira Godot"

analogue wokutanga, nokuti iyo anoedza kunzwisisa kuverenga Beckett - kwokufananidzira yemitambo Maeterlinck. Pano, sapamazuva Maeterlinck, kunzwisisa zvinorehwa chii chiri kuitika zvinogoneka chete kana iwe usaedza kutanga kubva Mapato ose muupenyu ezvinhu. Chete kuchinjwa matanho mumutauro zviratidzo vanotanga kunhonga ari noruzhinji kuti "Godot," pfungwa nemunyori. Zvisinei, mitemo yakadaro kutamira pachavo ndiko saka siyana uye kwasviba, kuti nyore kunhonga kiyi hazvibviri. Beckett pachake zvakajeka akaramba kutsanangura zvinorehwa tragicomedy yakavanzika.

Sezvo Beckett kuongororwa okugadzira zvinhu zvavo

Mubvunzurudzo, Samuel, anobata musimboti basa rake, akati zvinhu izvo zvinoshanda - zviri kusaziva, kusabetsera. Akati ari kuongorora munharaunda, kuti vaimbi sarudza kusiya parutivi sezvo chinhu haawirirani art. Pane imwe nguva, Beckett akati akanga asiri muzivi uye kumboverenga mabasa vazivi, nekuti havasi kunzwisisa chinhu chii vanonyora. Akati kuti anofarira haisi pfungwa, asi chete chimiro umo vari kuratidzwa. Asingafariri Beckett uye hurongwa. Basa the artist, muna zvaanofunga - kuwana chimiro zvakakwana kuti kuvhiringidzika uye kukanganisa kuti yatinoti kuvapo. Ndicho dambudziko chimiro riri accented nechisarudzo of Swedish Academy.

Origin Beckett

Ndezvipi midzi maonero Beckett kuti akamutungamirira munzvimbo zvakanyanyisa kudaro? Ko nyika yacho munyori yomukati kujekesa muchidimbu Biography yaro? Semyuel Bekket, inofanira akati, zvakanga zvisiri nyore munhu. Vanotsvakurudza Chokwadi Muupenyu Samueri sezvo funga basa rake zvinojekesa kunyanya kwakatangira maonero enyika ari munyori.

Akaberekwa Semyuel Bekket (Samuel Beckett) muna muDublin, mwanakomana vakapfuma uye vaizviita nevaPurotesitendi. Madzitateguru munyori, French Huguenots, muzana remakore rechi17 akatamira Ireland, vachitarisira upenyu hwomutambarakede uye rusununguko rwokunamata. Asi Samueri kubva pakutanga havana kutora emakore yechitendero hwaro hwemhuri dzidziso. "Vabereki vangu - anoti - akapa chinhu kutenda kwavo."

nguva yokudzidziswa, kudzidzisa mabasa

Ndadzidza ari chikoro vapfumi, uye ipapo chete wechechi yeRoma Trinity College muna muDublin, kwaakanga vakambodzidza Swift, uye ipapo Wilde, Beckett makore maviri mubasa rokudzidzisa muna Belfast oenda, ndokuzoenda Paris uye vaishanda somunhu Intern mudzidzisi Chirungu pa Higher Normal chikoro uye panguva Sorbonne. Young murume verenga yakawanda ake kufarira vanyori vaiva Dante uye Shakespeare, Socrates uye Descartes. Asi zivo haana kuuya akadzikama kusvikira mutizi mweya. About Makore ake okutanga, aiyeuka: "Ndakanga ndisingafari ndaigona kuchinzwa enyu wose uye ndakashingirira.". Beckett akabvuma kuti zvakawanda vatorwa vanhu, hapana nzira kuzopindura. Zvino yava nguva kupedza nyonganyonga Beckett aakapa pacharo uye nevamwe.

Zvinokonzera chirwere nenyika

Ndezvipi Midzi intransigent nzvimbo yakatorwa Semyuel Bekket? Biography yake haisi chaizvo anojekesa pfungwa iyi. Unogona kureva sanctimonious mumhepo nemhuri, wechechi yeRoma College iri zvinorayirwa: "Ireland - nyika theocrats uye censors, ndakanga ndisingagoni kugara ikoko." Zvisinei, muna Paris, uzere vapanduki uye vapanduki zviri unyanzvi, Beckett haana kunzvenga kusurukirwa risingadzivisiki. Akasangana Paul Valéry, Ezra Pound uye Richard Aldington, asi hapana matarenda izvi hazvina kuva simba pakunamata kwaari. Chete vakava mabhuku munyori James Joyce, Beckett akawana shefe "yetsika yakanaka" uye akazoudza Joyce kuti akamubatsira kunzwisisa chinangwa the artist. Zvisinei, vakagovana nzira - uye kwete chete nokuti muupenyu ezvinhu (rudo rusina kukwana mberi mwanasikana Joyce kuna Beckett kuti hazviiti kushanyira imba Joyce yaJehovha, uye iye akaenda Ireland), asi iwe.

Izvi zvakateverwa asingabatsiri kukakavara amai kuedza vakazvicheka kure kubva kunze kwenyika (nokuti mazuva haana kusiya imba, achihwanda pesky nehama neshamwari ari pakunzwa tiswedere machira hofisi), zvazvinoreva kushanyira maguta European, marapirwo pakiriniki kuora mwoyo, ...

Mabhuku debut, chigadzirwa yokutanga

Beckett akaita ake debut nhetembo "Bludoskop" (1930), ipapo akazviratidza rondedzero pamusoro Proust (1931) uye Joyce (1936), dzakaunganidzwa nyaya pfupi uye bhuku nhetembo. Asi takanga hachizobudiriri, mabasa awa, izvo zvinosikwa Semyuel Bekket. "Murphy" (ongororo iri yokufungidzira ichi akanga unflattering) - zvinobikwa jaya akauya kuLondon kubva kuIreland. The nganonyorwa akarambwa nevaparidzi 42. Chete muna 1938, apo tariro, vachitambura zvisingaperi zvirwere, asi zvikuru kuziva asingabatsiri uye mari runotsamira mai vake, Bekket Semyuel nokusingaperi vakasiya Ireland wavo uye vakagara zvakare muParis, mumwe wevaparidzi vane "Murphy". Zvisinei, bhuku akasangana kuzvidzora. Kubudirira akauya Papera, haana pakarepo akava nomukurumbira Bekket Semyuel, ane mabhuku vanozivikanwa uye aidiwa nevakawanda. Tisati kuti Samueri aifanira kutsungirira munguva yehondo.

yehondo

Hondo abatwa Beckett muParis, uye akaibvarura kubva nokuzvidzora rinorambidzwa zindoga. Life akatora mamwe chimiro. Kusungwa uye kuurayiwa vave chenhando. Chinonyanya nhamo Beckett vaiva mishumo kuti vaimbova shamwari zhinji vakatanga kushanda pamusoro vomumuzinda. Nokuti iye, chisarudzo harimuki. Bekket Semyuel akava nhengo inoshingaira ari kurwisa uye akashanda kwemakore maviri ari clandestine mapoka "Star" uye "Mbiri", kwaakanga aizivikanwa nezita remadunhu- Irishman. mabasa ake yaisanganisira achiunganidza ruzivo, kushandura kuva Chirungu, microfilming. Taifanira kuenda zvengarava, apo mauto eGermany dzakanga dzichiitika gungwa. Apo Gestapo akawana boka uye kusungwa vakatanga, Beckett vakanovanda mumusha kumaodzanyemba kweFrance. Zvadaro, mwedzi mishoma Akashanda somunhu mushanduri Red Cross muchipatara rechiuto. Pashure pehondo akanga paakavapa ari menduru "Nokuti Service mu Battle". Unorudzi General of Gaulle akati: "Beckett, Sam murume akashinga ... akanga achiita basa, kunyange zvazvo aurayiwe."

Martial makore Zvisinei, havana kushanduka kwetarisiro mafungiro Beckett, iyo achasarudza weboka hwake uye Kushanduka okugadzira zvinhu. Akamboti kuti munyika hapana imire kunze okugadzira zvinhu.

The-refu akamirirwa kubudirira

Kubudirira Beckett kusvika pamusoro 1950s. The yakanakisisa dzemitambo mu Europe vakatanga kuisa kutamba ake "Kumirira Godot". Munguva kubva 1951 kusvika 1953, akabudisa imwe prose trilogy. Chikamu chokutanga - the yokufungidzira "The Mall", wechipiri - "Malone anofa" uye yechitatu - "Untitled". trilogy ichi akaita munyori kumwe rakakurumbira uye simba Artists remakore rechi20 shoko. enganonyorwa izvi, izvo zvaishandiswa kusika itsva nzira kuti prose, nemhosva duku kufanana zvatinosiita mabhuku siyana. Zvakanyorwa French, uye gare gare Beckett rakashandurwa navo Chirungu.

Samuel, vachitevera kubudirira kutamba yake "Kumirira Godot", akasarudza kuva sezvo mumwe munyori wemitambo. Mutambo "About vose vanowa," akasikwa muna 1956. Mukupera 1950s - mangwanani Kuma1960. paiva zvinotevera mabasa: ". Happy Mazuva" "Endgame", "Last Tape Krapp kuti" uye Ivo nheyo yemitambo musoro.

Muna 1969, Beckett akanga paakavapa Nobel Prize. Ndinofanira kutaura kuti Samuel havaratidzi kuzoregwa chichiwedzera kutarisirwa kuti nguva dzose kuita mukurumbira. Akabvuma kubvuma Nobel Prize chete ezvinhu kuti arege kuwana nayo, uye muparidzi reFrance Beckett uye shamwari yake refu Jérôme Lindon. Ichi chirwere chakazadzika.

Features muri Beckett

Bekket Semyuel - muvambi enganonyorwa zhinji uye mitambo. Vose zvinomiririra kusabetsera kwevanhu musimba ezvinhu uye tsika vasati ukapisa chinangwa choupenyu. Muchidimbu, mumwe musoro! Zvakanaka, ngazviitwe penga. Ungangove, uye yakadai Maonero nomugumo kwevanhu haisi okushamisira.

Gakava yakagundika kunhivi mabhuku maturo, pakutanga kwezvose, kana uri kwakadaro uye uri zvavo kana zviri bvumidzwa? Asi ngatiyeukei mashoko mumwe Irishman, William Yeats, uyo akati vanhu vanofanira kunzwisiswa zvose zvinobvira ezvinhu, kuti hapana wo shungu kuseka, zvakare rikwanise ndyaringo, zvakare chaityisa chido ... Zviri nyore kufungidzira kuti vachaitei munzanga umo kuti nzira uye achishandisa mifananidzo vanachandagwinyira pezvaunorambidzwa. Zvisinei, kunyanya kuita zvokufungidzira - nhoroondo, kunyanya ndeyedu, anoziva mienzaniso yakadaro. Kupera izvi inosuruvarisa zvakaitika Procrustes: hondo, apo njere zvinhu zvakasimba kungobatsira vakazvarirwa mahofisi mirau, anorasikirwa maziso ake uye nzeve, uye ngozi itsva nomumwe anobata wake akashamiswa. Saka hapana sarudzo asi kubvuma legality dzokudzidzisa musoro mabhuku. Kana wevakadzidza hutenzi, kunyange vavengi maonero Beckett hazvitadzise professionalism ake - Zvechokwadi, mukati yechinangwa nzira vakagamuchirwa navo. Asi Genrih Bell Somuenzaniso, mune imwe kurukurirano akati: "Beckett, ndinotenda, hazvingavipo inonakidza chiito-thriller".

Muna 1989, pazera remakore 83, akafa musi Bekket Semyuel. Poetry uye prose wake, ndinofunga, kwemakore akawanda vachava akakodzera.