International Red Book: mhuka. Ndiani anotungamirira Red Book?

. Pakutanga XX remakore, asi Chirungu musayendisiti J. Darrell anokwevera ane Ringanidzo: nyika - yakafara website, uye kana chiri chiduku kubata, ndiko, panguva yakanakisisa, vachadedera, uye akaipisisa - mukaha anooneka. Uye vanhu vane unyanzvi mberi rinodederesa nyika, nokusika buri mairi, zvisina kazhinji kuvharwa. Izvi kunonyanya chinobata nemiti uye Fauna of nyika: anowa kwemarudzi akasiyana mhuka, zvinomera, notumwe tupukanana nokuvapo vazhinji munyika munharaunda zvino anoziva chete paleontological Zvakafukunurwa. Uye chii vachatitaka zvizvarwa zvedu? Vachava kudzidza aimbova kusiyana nemhuka nyika mifananidzo maenisaikoropidhiya uye nhoroondo dzinotaura?

Vanhu pakupedzisira aitofanira pakunzwisisa kuti yepanyama zvakatipoteredza inofanira kuchengetedzwa uye kurindwa. Mugumisiro mukuedza kuchengetedza nemiti uye fauna of aiva International Red Book. History Zvisikwa ari kunakidza chaizvo.

akaita sei Red Book

Nechekare gore kure 1902. Paris Congress of zvinhu zvipenyu pasi pose, nyaya inokosha - kudzivirira shiri. Pashure yakawanda mishumo kokutanga chisarudzo chakaitwa musi kudzivirira nyika yacho zvipenyu uye akasaina International Convention Chokudzivirira Birds, waiva baba ano Red Book.

Zvakatora makore anodarika makumi mana. Nyika yose iri kunaya kubva Second World War. 1948, pasi auspices UNESCO, akasika nemasangano - the World Conservation Union - IUCN (IUCN). Nechekare muna 1949, ari IUCN anovamba "supervisory muviri" - Komisheni on vasara mhuka.

Huru zvitarisirwa

The World Conservation Union yave kuzivikanwa huru basa yokupona kwemarudzi ose Commission:

• kudzidza mamiriro zvisingawanzoitiki mhando zvinomera, notumwe uye mhuka;
• kuona mhando dzakakwirira mukana kutsakatika;
• kutanga zvirongwa nyika dzakawanda zvibvumirano, magungano;
• kuronga mazita pangozi marudzi;
• kupa negadziriso ndichengetedze panjodzi marudzi.

We rinotsanangurwa zvinangwa uye zvinangwa, asi chii chinotevera? Uye, sezvo kazhinji nyaya, Implementation yavo yanonoka ... Patova anenge 20 makore. 1963, mukuru komisheni Piter Skott inopa mazita mhuka pangozi, zita iro - International Red Book. Komisheni Nhengo akabvunza: "Nei dzvuku?", To iyo Scott akati: "Red - ruvara ngozi, uye zvinoreva kuti tinogona kunyange kurasikirwa zvishoma kuti tine."

Nokukurumidza, chiedza goho rokutanga edition, muna mavhoriyamu maviri, akaita karenda dhesiki. Raisanganisira 312 eshiri uye 211 mhando mhuka. Bhuku akatumwa vamwe kuagamuchira - kuti masayendisiti uye voruzhinji. The creators of Tomé pachine inopiwa kuti mhuka iri pasi kuchinja, saka sezvo updating humboo vanogamuchira kutumira machira matsva panzvimbo yakare chete.

Changes uye kuwedzererwa: muronga

Kusvikira muna 1980, Red Book ikazobudiswazve katatu: kuchinja format, vakawedzera uwandu mavhoriyamu, mashoko zvakasiyana-siyana pamusoro mhando (4 th Ref akazviratidza akaporazve 13 rudzi), akachinja mamiriro.

Kubva 1988 kusvika 1998. anoenda International Red Book - mazita mhuka inonzi "Red List pamusoro Atyisidzirwa Species." Muna 5 mazita rakabudiswa kwemakore 10. Ivo vakafanana Red Book, asi ave akasiyana zvachose format, zvakasiyana kupatsanura mhando. Saka, mazita chinosanganisira vezvikwata zviviri, izvo rakakamurwa mberi taxa. Zvinofadza kuti rimwe taxa ndivo rudzi kuti akapona ari nhapwa.

Sezvo mazita, uye International Red Book ndiye IUCN uye World Conservation Monitoring Center (Cambridge, UK). Pasi auspices of IUCN zviuru varume Commission on zvisingawanzoitiki mhando munyaya kuongorora mashoko, kufungisisa mashoko uye kubudisa mabhuku. Tinoonga basa ravo, tinoziva kuti mhuka mhando vanoda kudzivirirwa, uye vamwe vavo, zvinosuruvarisa hatina kumboona pasi redu.

chitarisiko

Sei International Red Book? Zvinofadza runako Tomé, izvo yakati nowenyika muraraungu: pabutiro inobwinya nezvitsvuku ruvara, uye zvikamu zvakasiyana mavara (dzvuku, dema, chena, mutema, yero, vachena). Nokuti vazhinji mubvunzo unomuka kuti apo Red Book inochengeterwa. Sezvineiwo, zviri pachena nyaya, saka rinogona kuwanikwa muraibhurari chero zvakanaka. Vamwe vanoda zvisikwa vanosarudza kuva nazvo yangu pachake bhuku racho zvombo.

Ikozvino ngatitaurei zvakawanda pamusoro mumwe chikamu. Information pamusoro pemhuka International Red Book iri conventionally muzvikamu zvitanhatu:

• nokutsakatika kwemarudzi;
• mhuka pangozi uye zvisingawanzoitiki;
• mhando kuti vari kutsanya Kunyangarika;
• shomeka mhando;
• chiduku anozivikanwa marudzi;
• Animals kuti murege vanoda kudzivirirwa.

Nokuda kwaizvozvi zviri nyore kuwana mashoko enyaya mhuka.

yeEncoding mhando

Vamiririri chikamu nerimwe Red Book nokuzvidya yeEncoding kwavo.

On mapeji matema pamusoro Peji wakaiswa mhuka yakatotsakatika (EKS) uye mhuka yakatotsakatika zvakasikwa (EW); peji dzvuku - vanoshupika mhando (VU) uye achitsoropodza panjodzi (CR); Yellow Pages - pangozi marudzi (VN); mapeji chena - zvipenyu zviri pedyo anodzivirira mamiriro (NT); wachena peji - kashoma kudzidza (CD); Green Pages - zvipenyu pamwe yakadereresa ngozi kutsakatika (LC).

Ndezvipi zvimwe ruzivo kunosanganisira International Red Book? Photos yemhuka. Sezvingatarisirwa, pamapeji rinonzi pedyo chaivo data available mufananidzo marudzi ichi (kunze chemhuka yakatotsakatika, pakuonekwa iyo anosikwa kana zvakajeka, kana kushandisa kombiyuta Graphics).

Hekuno International Red Book. Animals zvinoitwa mariri vane siyana. Maererano nesayenzi mberi ruzivo kunoramba achiudza, achiwedzera itsva mhando uye dzimwe mhuka kuchinja mamiriro avo nokuda dzezvakatipoteredza zviito. Uye harigoni kukundikana kufadza!

Regional Shanduro Red Book

Achitaura pamusoro International Red Book, zvinokosha kuziva kuti ane analogues: somuenzaniso, International Red Book rweUkraine uye International Red Book kweRussia. Animals, ane mashoko mabhuku akadaro, kurarama (kana kamwe akararama) ari kutaurwa mundima.

Somugumisiro, mashoko remunharaunda reShanduro Red Book rine uwane ruzivo pamusoro mhando, kusiyana dzakawanda. Izvi imhaka yokuti kumatunhu rokutanga panzvimbo pfungwa pamusoro fauna of hunhu munharaunda iyi, nhamba uye mhando izvo kwakasiyana yekudyidzana kubva munyika yose. Saka, mashoko anenge vari vakaongorora zvikuru kwazvo uye aigara achiudza.

mabhuku Regional ndiwo akasiyana Rinoera zvakagadzirwa, inoramba kuzochinja chete dzvuku pabutiro.

Ngatimbotarisa zvino pane zvikuru specimens ose fauna of inova vava kuda kutsakatika uye akarongwa sezvo pangozi.

International Red Book Amur tiger (bambo altaica)

Amur Tiger (Ussuri) muna Red Book kunoratidzwa sei chiduku maonero (VU) kuchamhembe Russia. Kunyange 100 apfuura, nhamba mhuka vakaverenga zviuru, asi nekuda kuvhima vemo vakatanga kusviba nehasha. Nhasi Amur ingwe ndimo nepaburi 500 vanhu.

Izvi mhando - mumwe mashoma vamiririri katsi mhuri anenge dzakashandisa utsinye dzinotaurwa taiga. A pachena kuchiitwa dzesub ichi - shanu-sendimita rukoko mafuta mudumbu, izvo zvinoita kuti utakure katsi zvakanyanyisa tembiricha yakaderera.

International Red Book: mhuka - chando ingwe (Panthera uncia)

Snow mbada (irbis, chando ingwe) - huru katsi kuti anogara makomo ose Central Asia. Kusvikira pakutanga XX remakore, chando mbada vari chinomubatanidza inokosha iri mbava kutengeserana. Pari, chando mbada kunovhima hakubvumidzwi, mashoko pamusoro mhuka chine International Red Book. Snow mbada dzinoiswa se pangozi marudzi (EN).

Visayas warty nguruve (Vos cebifrons)

Visayas warty nguruve anogara munyika, chete pazvitsuwa maviri - rinogara paPanay uye Negro (The Philippine zvitsuwa). Nokuda kusingasaruri kunovhima hwevanhu nhamba renguruve kwemakore 60 akanga kuderedzwa zvakawanda 80%! Kubvira 1998 Visayas warty nguruve anorinda International Red Book. Mhuka vanoonekwa pangozi (EN).

Tiger quoll (Dasyurus maculatus)

Quoll (ingwe katsi) akawana zita raro nokuti zvakafanana nematauriro kuna the marten uye katsi. Nhasi, pane Martens mhando uyu tigere zviviri kure nevanhu ari Australian pamhenderekedzo (kuchamhembe - Queensland, kumabvazuva - kubva kumaodzanyemba kweQueensland kuna Tasmania). Information pamusoro marsupial Martens chine International Red Book. Mhuka iyi dzemarudzi vane chinzvimbo pedyo anodzivirira mamiriro (NT).

Largetooth sawfish (Pristis microdon)

Largetooth sawfish (murwere-pristiophorus) - ugere yegungwa zvePacific uye Indian mumakungwa. Upenyu hunotarisirwa vakatapwa haasi makore anopfuura 7. The Red Book pylori ane mamiriro "» achitsoropodza panjodzi (CR).

Burmese vampire.face Monkey (Rhinopithecus strykeri)

Burmese nehanya-vampire.face Tsoko (nehanya-vampire.face Tsoko Stryker) ave rudzi chikazikamwa nyanzvi chete muna 2010. Anogara Miti iyi tsoko bedzi kuchamhembe Burma. zita rayo raiva nokuda ndiro rine chokwadi chacho akawana uye kujairika marongerwo mhino - the wemhino kuti kusava nehanya-vampire.face Tsoko pakashandurwa. Nemhaka iyi anatomical zvaiva Burmese Tsoko ndokuotsira mu mvura - madonhwe emvura kuwa mumhino dzake. Nechekare muna 2012, Burmese Tsoko akanga akanyorwa se pangozi chinzvimbo - achitsoropodza panjodzi (CR). Nhasi kune vanenge 300 vanhu Myanmar nehanya-vampire.face tsoko.

hama yedu yepedyo - orangutan (Pongo)

Orangutan - kukuru nemaape muti, nemamiriro ayo DNA pedyosa DNA kwevanhu. Govera Sumatran uye Kalimantan orangutans (musiyano kukura - hombe Kalimantan). Chikonzero rutapudzo chavagari - watemwa mvura nemasango (dzinogarisana pakati orangutans) uye poaching.

Sumatran orangutan rwakaiswa pangozi chinzvimbo - achitsoropodza panjodzi (CR); Bornean orangutan paakapiwa chinzvimbo "panjodzi mhando» (VU). Tariro anoramba kuti ichi mhando icharamba kuburikidza dzinochengetwa mhuka uye hunhu hwemunhu.

ReCaspian chisimbiso (Phoca caspica)

Seal reCaspian (reCaspian chisimbiso) tama pakati kuchamhembe kweGungwa reCaspian uye Urals. Kunyange 100 apfuura, nhamba zvisimbiso kwaiva vanopfuura miriyoni imwe vanhu, nhasi vava kuverenga haawanzotauri rinosvika 100 zviuru. Zvinokonzera: vakawanda poaching, kusvibiswa mvura, nemamiriro okunze. Chisimbiso reCaspian kuchitaurwa muna Red Book somunhu rudzi riri kuda kutsakatika (EN).

In mhedziso

Murume aiita kuva anonzwisisa chisikwa, asi zvisinei mindlessly anoparadza minda, masango, "kutsausa nzizi shure", kuti iterate kuburikidza kuvhima, poaching. Kuferefeta unhu hwakadaro zvoufuza - kunyangarika mhando kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka.

Red bhuku, achibuda kuchiedza, akavhomora paruzhinji nzeve sei zvinokuvadza atounza vanhu yepanyama zvakatipoteredza. Chokwadi, dzimwe mhando, zvinosuruvarisa vacharamba vari enhoroondo, asi pane avo kuti angaponeswa zvizvarwa zvaizotevera.

Nemhaka zvose zoological mumapaki uye reserves, izvo zviri kuita kubatsira chaizvo kuti richengetedzwe mhuka! Asi zvizhinji chaizvo kuti munhu wose ari panyika chave Kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye Red Book iri kugara kukasawedzerwa mapeji manyoro.

Earthlings! Yeuka kuti isu ichocho tinofanira kutarisira nyika, iro richiri kutambura isu asi pakunzwisisa uye kuchengeta hunhu dzinoitwa isu, uye usambofa kwekanguva kukanganwa kuti chisikwa chose munyika zvinokosha uye anokosha! Mhuka - vavakidzani vedu munyika yose, hembe kwete nezvokudya!