Inobatsira uye inodiwa zvirongwa zvekombiyuta

Kana kare makombiyuta asati ave chinhu chisingawanikwi nevanhuwo zvavo uye chakashandiswa nemauniti, ikozvino magetsi emakombiyuta, makombiyuta kana zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi, izvo zvinogonawo kuonekwa kune makombiyuta, hazvishamisi kana mumwe. Vagadziri - makumi ezviuru, maitiro ekushanda mazana, asi mune chimwe nechimwe chazvo pane zvinotarisirwa uye zvinodiwa zvirongwa zvekombiyuta. Ngatitsanangurirei zvishoma kuti chii chinodiwa kuitira kushandiswa kwekombiyuta.

Zvirongwa zvinodiwa pakushandura kombiyuta

Kana tichitaura pamusoro pemapurogiramu anodiwa, kutanga, tinoda "OSS". Tichatanga kubva pane chokwadi chokuti yakatoiswa.

Ndezvipi zvinodiwa zvezvirongwa zvekombiyuta? Inogona kugoverwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakadai: zvinodhaka zvinodhaka, software packages for system kudzivirira (antiviruses), zvishandiso zve OS kusachengetedza, zvikumbiro zvekushanda pamwe nemabhuku ehofisi, mapurogiramu anopa kuwanikwa kweIndaneti yakazara, archivers, mapaji ekuvandudza kunaka kwevhidhiyo yekutamba kana Mutinhizha, pamwe chete nehuwandu hwepurogiramu, inotarisirwa nehukuru hwemakombiyuta.

Windows mapurogiramu

Saka, regai titarise mapurogiramu akajeka emakombiyuta. Nhamba yeWindows, zvinosuruvarisa, haigoni zvido zvose zvemazuva ano. Chinhu chacho ndechekuti mushure mekuisa mukana we "operating system" ine zvishoma zvigadziriswa, zvinowanzoenderana nekushandiswa kwehurongwa hwezvinhu.

Ichokwadi, kumunhu anoshandisa nguva dzose, hairevi chekufarira. Kunyange zvakadaro, unogona kuwana chimwe chinhu pano. Izvi zvinoshanda kuWindows diagnostics. Asi, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwehutachiona hwehurumende pachahwo uye "hardware", haisi maikirwe ese anogona kuva nemutyairi akakodzera. Sezvinenge zvatonzwisiswa, mhedzisiro ndeyekusarura kana kukwana kusakwana kwechikamu. Ndicho chikonzero kuisa zvakakodzera mutyairi wepamusoro ndeimwe yemabasa ekutanga kune chero hurongwa.

Madereri

Ndeapi mapurogiramu anodikanwa pamakombiyuta kubva pano maonero? Chokutanga pane zvose, "chizvarwa" chinonzi DirectX. Mushanduro yekare, yakanga isingawanikwi, uye iwe waifanira kuisa iyo manyore. Iye zvino DirectX inowanikwa mune zvakasarudzwa zveWindows OS.

Zvakakosha kuziva kuti iyi inoshandiswa nezvose zvakasikwa kwete kungoona hukuru "iron" kana zvimwe zvikamu zve software. Uyezve, DirectX chirongwa chekugadzira kombiyuta uye chigadziro chekudzidza shanduro yemadokari. Nekubatsira kwayo, unogona kuona kana kuisa mutyairi mutsva, uye kazhinji, pasinei nemamiriro acho pachako.

Isa vanotyaira vasipo

Kuti uite izvi, unogona kushandisa maitiro akazara eWindows. Semuenzaniso, "Dhepadhi yedhidhiyo" muChannel Control. Zvose zvishandiso zvisina kukodzera kana zvisiri izvo zvakafambiswa zvinotya zvinowanikwa muhute. Uchishandisa "Properties" menyu pamabhati, unogona kuwana mabhodhi ekuisa, kuvandudza nekubvisa mutyairi, pamwe nekudzivisa iyo pachake pachake.

Somuenzaniso, kana yakaremara, urongwa huchakuita kuti uone chigadziro chitsva uye kukukumbira iwe kuisa software yakakodzera kubva pakugovera kwako. Izvi hazvibatsiri nguva dzose. Kana kuiswa kwekukanganisa kwakaitika, unofanira kufambisa mutyairi kubva kwepakutanga disk, chero mhizha inobviswa, kana kubva paInternet kana unhu hwekutengesa hunoita.

Nhamba shoma yezvirongwa zvinodiwa zvekombiyuta muWindows

Sezvatotaurwa, muWindows operating system urongwa hwezvirongwa hwakanyanya. Nokudaro, zvakaoma kwazvo kuti munhu wese anoshanda kushanda nezvinowanikwa pakarepo mushure mekuisa sangano rekushanda, sezvo zvizhinji zvezvivako zvakakosha mubasa hazvisi nyore. Funga zvakanyanya. Maitiro anogona kuwanikwa achishandisa "Menu" / "All Programs" / "Standard".

Pano iwe uchawana zvigadzirwa zvakasungirirwa, uyewo faira "System", iyo ine mapurogiramu anodiwa ekombiyuta, inotarisirwa kuongororwa, kuchengetedza, kutungamira uye kugadzirisa kwehurongwa.

Standard Programs

Kana ari wevoruzhinji, pane zvakanakisisa zvinogona kungoda mapegramu mana kubva muzveruzhinji (taura, muWindows 7): Peint, Explorer, Notepad uye WordPad.

Zvisinei, inofanira kuonekwa kuti mifananidzo yemufananidzo uye muoni wezvinyorwa zveShoko vane mikana yakawandisa kwete kungogadzirisa mafaira akafanana. Aya maitiro haasati akwanisa kuziva mamwe maitiro. Ndosaka zvakakosha kuisa mamwe mapurogiramu anogona kushanda nemamwe marudzi emafaira.

Mukuwedzera, mumutambo wekutanga pachako kune zvishandiso zvakadai seInternet Explorer yekushanda paWorld Wide Web uye Outlook Express nokuda kwezviito zviri nyore zvakaitwa ne e-mail.

Utilities

Pakati pezvirongwa zvekubatsira zvinowanikwa muhutano hweWindows, kune zvikamu zvitatu zvakakosha kucherechedza zvakasiyana. Mipurogiramu inonyanya kukosha yekombiyuta (kwete kuverenga yezvimwe zvacho) inomiririrwa pano: Shanduro yeDzorera, Disk Cleanup uye Disk Defragmentation.

Nzvimbo yekutanga inoshandiswa inopindura, sekusati yatonyatsojekesa, yekudzorera hurongwa kune imwe nyika inoshandiswa kare (checkpoint). Chechipiri inopa kubviswa kubva kuDisk disk yemafuta asina kufanira kana kusashandiswa nemafolda. Chechitatu inobvumira kuzvidzora, kutama kunowanzonzi mapurogiramu, mafaira uye zvinyorwa kunzvimbo dzinokurumidza dzebasa rekutsvaga, iyo inooneka ichikurumidza kusvika kwavari.

Microsoft Office

Kutaura nezvezvipi zvirongwa zvinodiwa zvekombiyuta, haungakwanisi kutaurwa yakadaro inozivikanwa software package, seMicrosoft Office. Pasina iye, nhasi hapana.

Zvikumbiro zvinowanikwa mune iyi purogiramu zvinokubvumira kuti ushande pamwe nezvose zvinyorwa zvemashoko akazara anozivikanwa nhasi, asingaverengi mamwe maitiro chaiwo. Ngatitorei mapurogiramu anokosha zvikuru:

- Microsoft Word - mharidzo yemutauro ine zvikamu zvakakwirira;

- Microsoft Excel - mhariri wematafura uye data yebhuku;

- Microsoft Power Point - hurongwa hwekusika mazamu;

- Microsoft Access - chishandiso chekushanda nedatabases;

- Microsoft Outlook - chikumbiro che e-mail ine yakakura yakagadzirirwa.

Zvechokwadi, kuchine zvakawanda zvezvinhu zvose, asi hazvigoneki kuti musikana asina ruzivo achashandisa zvachose mapurogiramu anowanikwa mu-standard office suite.

Antiviruses

Zvino enda kukona yekona. Antivirus kudzivirirwa yava chinhu chinokosha cheimwe nzira. Haisi chakavanzika chekuti kune mavirusi akawanda, sezvavanotaura, pamusana wose. Pano iwe nemavhidhiyo, chiito icho chinodzivisa sarudzo, uye zvinokonzera OS nesipepwords kuitira kuwana ruzivo rwekuvanzika, neTrojans, uye makombiyuta, uye keyloggers, nezvimwe. Kungongori chete hakugone kuverengwa. Nokudaro, kuitira kuti uve nechivimbo chakakwana mukuchengetedzwa kwayo, mumwe nomumwe anoshandisa mapurogiramu anopesana nehutachiona nehuwandu hwemashoko edu. Zviri nani kana chiratidzo chepachirwere chemashoko chinongororwa zviri nyore. Asi izvo zvinototanga kungoenderana chete nemusunguri uye antivirus iri kuiswa.

Zvinonzwisisika kuti mune urongwa uhwu unogona kuwana zvakawanda zvepakiti. Pane chisarudzo chaicho chokuita. Semuenzaniso, kwete mapurogiramu ose asina ruzivo ane simba rakakwana uye nzira dzekudzivirira hutachiona kurwisa kana kusabvumirwa kusina mvumo. Kune rumwe rutivi, havasi vose vanogona kubhadhara maitiro ekubhadhara. Pano iwe unogona kuisa shanduro zvinyorwa, kutambanudza maki (semhando dzeNOD), kana kushandisa "zvinyorwa" zvishandiso, kunyange izvi zvisiri pamutemo. Ndeipi purogiramu yaunosarudza, zvakakosha kuzvisarudzira iwe pachako. Zvakakosha kubhadhara kune chokwadi chokuti unyanzvi hwekushandura software zvakadai se "Kaspersky", kunyange zvazvo huchipa zvakanyanya kudzivirirwa, zvisinei, kune yakakwirira kwazvo kushandisa mashandisirwo emakombiyuta emakombiyuta.

Zvisinei, chero zvakadaro, chirongwa chakadaro chekombiyuta mumitemo yekudzivirira inomiririra kuisa.

Kugadzirisa hurongwa

Mukutaura kwemashumiro, kugadzirisa nekufambisa Windows, hapana matanho akawanda. Muchiitiko ichi, zviri nani kuisa zvishandiso zvechitatu-party zvakadai seTuneUp Utilities, Ashampoo WinOptimizer, Advanced System Care nevamwe. Ipapakiti yakadaro inogona kugadzirisa hurongwa "pane imwechete" (1-Click Maintenance) uye ipai zvakawanda mawedzera modules.

Ichokwadi, chero ipi zvayo yekushanda iyi chirongwa chekugadzira kombiyuta maererano nehurongwa hwayo. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, zvakakosha kuisa zvikumbiro zvakakosha izvo zvinokonzerwa nekugadzirisa madhairidzi edzimba kana kubviswa kwakarurama kwevasina kushandiswa. Zvisinei, muzviitiko zvakawanda vanobhadharwa. Munowanzo, iwe unogona kuisa mapurakiti akadaro pangozi yako pachako uye pangozi. Saka usanyanya kunyanya kuongorora.

Indaneti

"Native" Windows tool yekushanda paInternet (Internet Explorer) vakawanda havadi. Uye pane izvozvi. Hatisi kuzoenda mune zvigadzirwa zvemagetsi. Zvichida shanduro ino inoita sechepfupi uye isinganzwisisiki kushanda nayo. Nokudaro, ichiri kutyidzana kunonzi chimbo chokuwana nekudzivirira Opera.

Asi zvakadaro, shanduro zvirongwa zvino zvingawanika zvikuru. Izvi zvinoreva, Opera, Google Chrome, Mozilla Firefox, Safari, Yandex Browser, nezvimwewo. Nhamba yacho inogona kuramba ichienderera mberi nokusingaperi. Pano, iwe unotofanira kuedza sarudzo imwe neimwe kuti usarudze nzira yakanakisisa iwe pachako.

Usakanganwa pamusoro pezvikwata zvinokonzera bootloaders, izvo zvinogona kukurumidzira kudhinda mafaira. Inogona kuva chinhu: kubva pane "Masters yekutengesa" uye "mapurogiramu" kubva kune faira-kugoverana mitambo kune mapurogiramu anenge asingabvumirwi nemutemo ari kushanda nevatambudzi vese.

Archivers

Chikumbiro chekuchengetedza chikamu chikamu chinokosha chegadziriro, kunyanya apo mushandisi anoshandisa zvakananga Indaneti, kutora zvidzidzo, anoisa zvishandiso zvepurosoft software kubva kune vhidhiyo inobviswa, nezvimwewo. Haisi chakavanda kuti mapurogiramu ose ekugadziriswa pamakombiyuta anouya nenzira yekuisa faira Setup (dzimwe nguva neine mamwe mafaira emashoko, kazhinji kacho nenzira yesimba rakanyatsodzika mabhuku akabatanidzwa kushanda kuburikidza nemagadzirirwo akadai seDX, VST, RTAS, AAX, nezvimwewo). Asi, semutemo, mafaira akadaro anotora nzvimbo yakawanda. Kuti uchengetedze diski nzvimbo, ivo vakaiswa muzvinyorwa zvekuchengetedza zvine uwandu hudiki.

Pane imwe archi archiver uye inokubvumira kubvisa deta yose kubva kumafaira ehuyu. Zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndezveWinRAR, WinZIP, 7-ZIP, nezvimwewo. Asi pano, sevashandisi, zviri nani kuti udzidze zvese zvese zvekushanda, uye chete ipapo uzvishandise kumabasa ezuva nezuva.

Kubatanidza mahwendefa nemafoni

Nezvekubatanidza zvigadzirwa zvemafoni, munguva ichangobva kuwana mukurumbira unoshamisa, pano unogona kushandisa "nhengo" dzinobatsira dzinouya ne smartphone kana tablet. Somuenzaniso, nokuda kwe "apple" zvishandiso iyo iTunes, Samsung gadgets mapurogiramu akaita se Samsung Kies, nezvimwe.

Kana iyo software isingagadziriswi, unogona kuwana zvese zvinoshandiswa paIndaneti inokubvumira kushanda pane kombiyuta yekugadzirisa kana laptop pane imwe chipangizo kuburikidza nekukurukurirana kuburikidza ne USB kana Bluetooth.

Multimedia

Hatigoni kutaura mazwi mashomanana pamusoro pekutamba kwemazwi nemavhidhiyo. Pano dambudziko riri muchokwadi chokuti kwete nguva dzose mumutemo kune makodhi anokosha uye mabhuku anokonzera basa rakakodzera nemafaira aya aya. Teknolojia yekukodhidza nekududzira mazwi nemavhidhiyo pa-site hazvina kukodzera. Saka zviri nani kuisa purogiramu yekupedzisira ine zvishandiso zvose. Shanduro yakajeka inogona kuva software yeK-Lite Codec Pack. Izvi, sezvavanotaura, inogadziriswa yepasi rose yezviitiko zvose.

Zvisinei, kana iwe ukagadzirisa zviyero zvebasa racho, sarudza zvose zviripo. Zvichida mamwe acho haazodiwi, asi haufaniri kuisa njodzi. Pasinei nokuti hazvina kukwana, chii chinogona kuitika.

Mhedziso

Zvakakosha kunzwisisa kuti chinyorwa chino chinongororetsa pfupiso pfupi nezvezvirongwa uye zvishandiso zvinodiwa pakushanda kwekombiyuta kana kushandiswa kwepamusoro-soro. Zvisinei, inofanira kuonekwa kuti ichi chinhu chakakosha chinoshandiswa, pasina izvo zvisingashandisi vashandisi vemazuva ano. Zvinonzwisisika, kuchine zvakawanda zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvibvumirano zvinobvumira kwete chete kuwedzera hutano hunoshanda, asiwo kuti uwane zvimwe zviri nyore mubasa. Zvisinei, sezvakangozvinzwisisa, hazvisi nyore kuzvitsanangura.

Chinhu chimwe chete chinogona kuonekwa ndechokuiswa kwaidiwa kwezvinhu zvekuparadzanisa dhikiti rakaoma muzvikamu zvinonzwisisika. Pashure pezvose, kana hurongwa "huchiza", ruzivo rwakachengetwa muzvikamu zvaro hucharamba husina kuchinja. Uye mushure mekugadziriswa kwehurongwa, unogona kushandisa data yakachengetedzwa sekuti hapana chakaitika.