Wonders Seven: Great Pyramid, nechidzitiro Gardens weBhabhironi, chifananidzo waZeusi pana Olympia, temberi yaAtemisi, ari Mausoleum pamusoro Halicarnassus, ari Colossus cheRhodes, Lighthouse cheArekizandiria

Zvishamiso vanomwe nyika yekare - muenzaniso chaizvo kukurumbira pakati zvigadzirwa uye zvakagadzirwa. Ndiro shongwe nhoroondo, yakatsaurirwa rokusika vatungamiriri pfungwa, isingadzorwi dzemwoyo ezvivako uye ndege vavaki. kwevanhu fungidziro kwezviuru zvemakore zvinobatsira recreate zvisipo enhaka nemagariro kuti vakapiwa mukuru unoti "The manomwe Wonders of World." Legends nezvokusikwa maoko evanhu, anyangarika kubva panyika, anoramba kutambudza pfungwa adventurers matsva.

Seven zvinoshamisa munyika kare

Kunzwisisa kukosha nyika yekare kuti mazita kunoshamisa Zvivako nyore kana tikaswedera ane muenzaniso yazvino Rating dzakakurumbira zvinokwezva uye zvakavapo. The mazita nomwe zvinoshamisa munyika anogona kunzi wokutanga uye akakurumbira zvikuru munhoroondo mabhurocha nzvimbo. Asi zvinorehwa ichi pfupi mazita avakuru Zvivako zvakawanda zvakadzama. Zvinosuruvarisa, chikuru zvivako havana akachengetedzwa. Time mutsaona, njodzi uye hondo akaponesa nezvishamiso nomwe asi kubva 6 kusvika 7.

Nhoroondo imwe yakakurumbira varipo mazita anotanga kare wenyika budiriro kure. Zvichida pfungwa vanofambira uye kuona zvivako pasi kuNorth Africa, Persia, Bhabhironi uye Greece rekare yakabuda mukuru Aleksandra Makedonskogo, uyo vakakunda ari IV remakore BC. e. mugove chinokosha pamusoro yaizivikanwa nyika panguva iyoyo. Pfungwa akachenjera wehondo haana kunzvenga ukuru pamuviri, iro rinotevera remazera Cheops muIjipiti. Vagari zvinoitwa Vafambi, vakundi, nyanzvi, vanyori kare neMiddle Ages zvakabvumirwa achirondedzera chikuru Zvivako kare. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pane chimwe ndandanda nyika zvishamiso yokutanga aishanda kare wenhau Herodotus kwemakore 450 asati kutanga kwenguva itsva. Peru nyanzvi kunoshamisa uye nyanduri yekare Greece - Philo Byzantium - ndohwavo zvinyorwa "On zvinomwe zvinoshamisa munyika", iyo yakabuda vakapoteredza gore 300 BC. e.

MuGirisi yekare, nhamba 7 iri vaiona mashiripiti, saka uwandu nzvimbo pachikwata kumbochinja kwemazana emakore. Dzechokwadi zvishamiso nomwe yenyika - zvawanyora aburukira dzazvino ari detembo rekare munyori wechiGiriki Antipater kweSidhoni. Akanyora pamusoro umbozha pamakuva, zvivako temberi yakanaka, huru kukura monument uye mapindu airembera.

The mapiramidhi makuru

Pakazosvika Middle Ages, kana vakaumba chinozivikanwa mazuva ano chaiwo zvakarongwa "Zvinomwe Wonders of World", akachengetedzwa munyika uye anowanika rokuongorora Egyptian mapiramidhi, yakavakwa kumadokero pamahombekombe aNairi. Dangwe Zvivako ndeyemunguva nguva kubva 2700 kusvikira 2550-fung makore BC. e. Gumi mapiramidhi pana Giza vari vatatu kunyanya achirova nokuda kwayo ukuru uye ukuru rokuvaka.

Hunoyemurika akanaka Kuchengetedzwa zvivako, kusangana akawanda zvemakore searing pakupisa kwezuva uye usiku achirira kuchitonhora, kana mugwenga, maererano vagari vemo, "matombo vari kuchema." Great nokuti injiniya magadzirirwo nyore chimiro mazano vakaona kuvonga chaiwo kuyerwa, vakanga kumbonzwiwa nyore nguva yaro. Kunze kunzwisisa Masvomhu pakuvaka kure vabhadhare kukumikidza chaizvo rinorema ibwe kutigumbura, avaite kuti yepamusoro kukwira.

Pyramid of Giza

The Great Pyramid of Cheops muIjipiti anonzi yakakurumbira nechishamiso wenyika. Farao KHUFU, uyo akatonga mumakore 2584-2561 BC. e., akaita akaziva chinzvimbo urongwa hwokuvaka necropolis wayo pana Giza. Kusika chepiramidhi uye noruzhowa pakuvaka 13 hectares munyika yakatogadzirwa parutivi. Kuvakwa Pyramid Great ndeimwe dzokutanga uye kupfuura unoshamisa mienzaniso ibatanidzo nechido kwevanhu, fungidziro pamwe ouinjiniya Masvomhu. Kuvakwa necropolis vanogona kunzi nguva vakawanda dzakaitika chirongwa, vakapiwa kusavapo ose anodiwa zvishandiso uye midziyo kuvakwa muIjipiti yekare.

KHUFU Pyramid iri hombe, zvizhinji munyika dzimba, namaberere uye makamuri. Kuwedzera kune izvi aishanda kwemakore 3800 zvikamu mazita chemhando zvivako murume-yakaitwa munyika (146.7 metres pagore okuvaka). Kune kududzira zhinji uye tsanangudzo chokuita chimiro uye chinangwa Pyramid Great. Kana yemasiraidhi pamwe zviso zvivako unoparadza mwaranzi inopisa zuva, zvinova pachena pfungwa vatongi yekare weIjipiti, uyo aida, kufanana nemwaranzi izvi kuenda naMwari mumuviri kudenga pashure porufu rwake.

The Hanging Gardens weBhabhironi Iraq

Beautiful mapindu rekare guta-mamiriro weBhabhironi dzakavakwa namambo mukuru Nebhukadhinezari II kumativi 605 BC, gore. e. Vaongorori vekare zvinyorwa vanoti zvikuru nzvimbo magadzirirwo mutongi yekare anotenderwa akumbirwa mumwe wemadzimai ake kufarira kwazvo miti uye uswa nyika. Akarembera Gardens Bhabhironi - kupfuura inoshamisa pakati zvinoshamisa pamazita. Ivo wakakomberedzwa rengano, chaiwo nzvimbo zvivako haawaniki zvisaririra zvivako haasati awanikwa.

Vamwe vatsvakurudzi havana chokwadi zvenyika yekare kuti kuvapo kudaro zvikuru yekare paka pachikomo chete kumaodzanyemba kweBaghdad yemazuva ano. Pamwe mapindu vanowanika fungidziro nyaya? Vezvenhau vari dukuduku mashoko akarurama, chokwadi muMagwaro yaMakoronike Bhabhironi. Asi Greek vadetembi vekare vakataura kuti vapristi vakagadzira chirongwa pakati Hanging Gardens, akatungamirira chisikwa yavo. Diodor Sitsiliysky akarondedzera multi-pamwero mapindu kukwirira 22 m, akashongedzerwa muchina itakurwe mvura kubva pedyo kuRwizi.

Munyori wechiGiriki wenhau Strabo akataura akanaka rectangular mapindu pamwe yokufeva hwakavigwa mumakamuri uye masitepisi itakurwe vanhu uye mvura kumusoro. Dzinoburukira mujinga rakavakirirwa zvidhina kunharaunda 400 mamita ² varanda miti nemaruva, pamusoro bindu zvinoshamisa akadzivirirwa denga. Mumwe anogona kunzwisisa nei vakararama vayemura Hanging Gardens veBhabhironi. In Iraq, pamusoro mvura weMesopotamia yekare, zvakaoma chaizvo kuti pave guru manicured frenchwoman mitema dzezvimwe yacho. Munhoroondo yaMakoronike mapindu dzinoratidzira akanaka uye dzinoyevedza. Kuwana kwakadaro zvakakwana kwaisava nyore, nharaunda iyi kubva makarekare anogamuchira zvishoma kunaya. The mapindu vakaparadzwa nokudengenyeka akawanda kuti kwakaitika mazana maviri pashure yaitonga Nebhukadhinezari.

Statue vaZeusi pa Olympia

Pasina waivapo chakavakwa anenge 430 BC. e. tembere, idzo nomuvezi Phidias chidhori Zeus rakavambwa. In Olympia, muGirisi, kuvaka yechitendero, yakatsaurirwa kuna mwari mukuru, akavaka makore 10 ari pachena mipiro. The tsvene yakavakwa machena, zvakasimbisa hombe muvharanda omunzvimbo reraimu. The kwokunze penyika mokupera akashongedzwa Bhanabhasi-reliefs, apo vavezi vemabwe recreate ngano pamusoro pebasa 12 Hercules - ngano gamba, mwanakomana mukuru mwari. Temberi ingasvikwa nokuisa kuburikidza mikova nendarira hombe.

A rinokosha dzeboka kwakavakirwa chepamusoro pechifananidzo yaZeusi. In Olympia, Greece, yakatsaurirwa huMwari ichi yekare Olympic Games. Sculpture haana kusikwa panguva imwe chete pakuvaka temberi, asi nokufamba kwenguva rava kupfuura chinzvimbo uye chinonyanya kwazvo chikamu temberi. Statue Zeus Phidias nechigadziko zororo dzezvidzidzo, kukwirira kwayo pamwe chawo chakanga vanenge 15 m. Supreme Mwari Olympus agere pachigaro choumambo chacho nejasi kwakanga gilded, aishandiswa apedza dzenzou.

Kutya kuti kuchengeteka mifananidzo vaGiriki amanikidzwa kutakura naye kuConstantinople, asi moto aparadza zvinoshamisa zvakasikwa. Kunyange zvazvo shongwe isina vakachengetedzwa, rikaramba riri mazita "Wonders manomwe World." Statue vaZeusi vanoratidzwa mifananidzo, ndiye muenzaniso kwayo zvakarurama kubudisa kudzama zvakagadzirwa muvezi, achirumbidza yekare huMwari. Mazuvano unogona chete kufungidzira ukuru rechokwadi shongwe iyi, mafungiro vaGiriki kuna Mwari, iyo yavanotendawo ashande nokusimudzwa mutemberi dzavo uye misha.

Wonder paEfeso

Kuvaka temberi yakatsaurirwa kuna Greek mwarikadzi wokuvhima nemhuka, rakapera muna 550 BC. e. Efeso chishamiso inowanzonzi anotaurwa somumwe chinonyanya akakurumbira 'kuramba tichishanda ": kuvaka kwayo wakagara anenge 120 apfuura. Vomunguva kugona kuziva kuti chivako rechitendero vachapinda mazita "Wonders manomwe World." Temberi yaAtemisi (Diana) muEfeso iguru chivakwa machena. Vavaki akashongera mutete mbiru ake, akafuka yemapuranga denga, iro vakaisa Tile. In ichi chinoshamisa pakuvaka vomunguva rakarova inowirirana wemishonga mukati kushongedzwa pamwe kwokunze akaitwa chivako.

Temberi, yakavakwa zvinoyevedza machena mamiriro aiva kufarira kubva pamazita zvishamiso Antipater kweSidhoni - muvambi ichi yakakurumbira pasi. Herostrat - young Greek - akapisa temberi yaAtemisi paEfeso (Turkey). chiitiko ichi kwakaitika muzhizha 356 BC. e. Ufuza chiito kwakakonzerwa chikuru chokuva nomukurumbira muzvizvarwa, kubudirira mukurumbira. Vagari dzinoronga Herostratus akatongerwa rufu uye vairambidza kumbotaura zita rake. Temberi yaAtemisi paEfeso vakatanga zvishoma nezvishoma kusimuka kunyange kana Turkish vatongi, asi temberi yekare yakaparadzwa zvakare, panguva ino achishandisa Goths. Chivako richangobva ichadzorerwa yakaparadzwa chose mugore 401 runouyisa nemhomho vanyanyisi vechitendero vaitungamirirwa Bhishopi Mukuru Constantinople.

Colossus cheRhodes

Chimwe chezvinhu kucherechedzwa zvishamiso yekare - the Colossus cheRhodes muGreece. Chitarisiko chake Monument ichi chikuru aisungirwa rekare-inotaura kuti akanga aripo maviri emakore asati kutanga kwenguva itsva. Vanhu navabati kuRodzi akasarudza kuchengeta kuyeuka vakunde tinorwisana munhu achishamisika Antigone, vanopemberera vaizoitwazve wakakombwa. Combat motokari dzakanga zvakanyunguduka mugomba hofori chidhori aiva musande aive kuRodzi - mwari Helios - 30 M kumusoro.

Hazvizivikanwi kana kuvaka kwakatanga, mune matsime nevanyori vekare kumbotipa mazuva akasiyana. Munyori wenhoroondo dzekare, Pliny akanyora emakore mashoma kuti Colossus akavaka makore 12. Chakaita kukandira yendarira chidhori Helios - mwari wezuva - vaiva Greek vavezi vemabwe. Giant Monument paakagadzwa pachigaro payakangopfuura rakavakirirwa maitiro ibwe kutigumbura uye tsvimbo yesimbi.

List of 'Wonders manomwe Wenyika "chakarasikirwa rimwe kuona pashure yakasimba nekudengenyeka Greece. Colossus aisagona kudzivisa simba chakamira pakunodengenyeka zvine uye yakaparadzwa pashure pemakore 56 chete pashure chitarisiko chake yakakunda iri chiteshi cheRhodes. Kuwa zvivezwa pakarepo akataura Delphic Chirevo. Ancient vanoziva remangwana kana zvinofunga akati kuti vagari kuRodzi zvakagumbura mwari Helios. The mutongi weIjipiti kubatsira vari kudzorerwa shongwe, asi iye akaramba.

Zvikuru paguva Halicarnassus

guva Giant chena rakadzikwa kuti kuzorora ari mubati mumwe mapurovhinzi Persia - Mausolus - varayirwa wake, aigara Halicarnassus. Ndiyo nyika yazvino yevashanyi pakati Bodrum pamusoro reAegean pamhenderekedzo. Mausoleum pamusoro Halicarnassus muTurkey amisa vavezi vemabwe Greek. Chivako chaiva yakakwirira uye dzemaoresa mukati nekunze. Korona chepiramidhi guva zvikamu 36. Mudzimai Mausolus akaponesa hapana mari yokuvaka kumusoro-pasi makuva, madota varo aifanirawo kuva zvikuru mausoleum.

Munyika yekare tinoonga rwokuramba muhwiro Halicarnassus. Mapurani noukuru marongerwo dzaro aesthetic unhu mwoyo kwete chete echiGiriki vasayendisiti uye vadetembi, asiwo zvavo Antipater. Vakapona vanotaurwa munhoroondo yaMakoronike kuti zvinganaka funga sechivako rimwe zvinoshamisa munyika. Muzana XV remakore guva Halicarnassus izvozvo vakadonha mushure kudengenyeka, uye matombo zvaishandiswa kuvaka Bodrum. Zvino, kana totaura Tichitarisa mari pamariro, anoyeuka King Mausolus, razova muenzaniso dzokushamisira pahupfumi.

Lighthouse musi Pahath

Lighthouse wokuAlexandria musi Pahath chitsuwa chaiva rimwe chemhando pakati muzvivako vekare, uye chawo chiri mamita anenge 400 refu. Raiva yechiedza yokutanga munhoroondo, kuvakwa iro rinoshandiswa akakurumbira dzakawanda panguva iyoyo, itsva ruzivo. Greek mapurani Sostratus akasika chirongwa musi mirairo mutongi Ptolemy II muna 304 BC. e. Nyevero hurongwa kusvika kune mhenderekedzo Kare Alexandria Pahath chitsuwa muMediterranean kusikwa maitikiro makore 20. The yechiedza akanga achinyevera pamusoro pemvura kumboongororwa kuti Pahath, iro rakanga rakavakwa.

Magadzirirwo chaiva shongwe matatu oblong machena, hwadzo yakakwirira anogona dzinosiyana 120 kusvika 140 m. Chikamu chokupedzisira iri humburumbira, moto unopfuta pamusoro pacho. The vavambi kuumba nzira nokuda runobereka rinotungamirirwa rezuva Kufungisisa Via nezvionioni beep zuva. Night Cuba vashumiri rakagara richidudzirwa akatunhidzwa moto. Kana zuva masikati vakanga vasiri, vafambisi vengarava vakanyevera shongwe youtsi. Kwemazana emakore anoverengeka, magadzirirwo kwainzi chemhando chakagadzirwa kuvakwa.

kudengenyeka kwenyika dzakawanda zvikuru zvakakanganisa anoshamisa Lighthouse cheArekizandiria pamusoro Pahath. Vafambisi vengarava, masoja, vatengesi uye vafambi vanofanira rakachengetedzwa rakadzorerwa. MaArab yakarwisa Egypt, akatanga kugadzira uye vakauya kuvakwa kuti kukwirira mamita 30. Izvi mabasa okuvaka apera, uye muna 1480 panzvimbo iyoyo kubva chete zvinhu, dzavarwi yakavakwa. Pahath Cuba akamira pagungwa kweanoda kusvika 1000 makore.

The pamazita nezvishamiso - nhaka nhoroondo yenyika uye tsika nemagariro

Masayendisiti anodavira kuti zvizere uye yakarurama ndandanda nezvishamiso munyika aigona ichengeterwe Library cheArekizandiria - dzenyika huru muunganidzwa zvekare. Storage akanga zvakaipisisa wakakanganiswa moto kunokonzerwa nechisimba Yuliya Tsezarya kuna Alexandria. mabhuku anoda kusvika 500,000 uye mipumburu akaparadza marimi. Rakanyangarika guru dura nhaka netsika, riri zvikurukuru novimba nzira iyo nhoroondo yenyika kwabva.

Wonders manomwe World - zvinokosha Zvivako ounyanzvi yekare uye mapurani. Zviri zvinotyisa akanaka, asiwo kunzwisisa kuvaka uye michina mhinduro kwete chete. Imwe neimwe zvisikwa zvaiva akasiyana, zvinoshamisa nguva yaro. The chinzvimbo zvishamiso zvivako vekare uye zvivako chakavakwa anokudzwa zvikuru masayendisiti, creators, vatongi venyika yekare. hazvina chete anotaurwa mu zvinyorwa zvakasiyana-siyana kuti zvimwe kuchinja kwakaitwa pamazita asi ayo chaizvoizvo akaramba zita chete. The Pamazita zvachose zvinosanganisira zvishamiso nomwe sei zvakaitika kubvira panguva Herodotus uye Philo Byzantium.

Kubva zvinoshamisa hurongwa zvenyika yekare akachengetedzwa nhasi chete Pyramid of Cheops, vamwe akawira pasi yakakuwandira pakati venyika, kana kunge vanowirwa nenjodzi dzinongoitika dzoga. Hapana anonyatsoziva akafanana zvinoshamisa munyika matanhatu. zvifananidzo zvose dzinokonzerwa dzakaitika tsvakurudzo, rokuvakazve, kufungidzira kare uye vemifananidzo. chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe kunounza chinhu chakasiyana kuti kunzwisisa Chiitiko nemagariro rainzi "zvishamiso nomwe wenyika." Mumwe nomumwe zvinoratidza izvi vane Website paIndaneti. Solid mabasa kwesayenzi vanozviitira zvinoshamisa nevanhu.

Basa mungano kuramba kufarira nomwe zvinoshamisa munyika

Over 2,5 zviuru zvemakore antiikki mazita huru zvinokwezva zvenyika Old World excites pfungwa vaongorori, vafambi, vanhuwo zvavo. Zvose kare remakore zvinomwe zvinoshamisa nyika yave rakavanzika. Zvinoshamisa kuti Vanyori vekare vakaratidza shoma chido kuwedzera "Top 7", kutsiva pamazita zvinokwezva itsva chapedzwa sezvivako.

Vanotsvakurudza vanoti nyika yekare, kuti nhamba zvinoshamisa yakakurumbira pamazita yagara achiremekedza. Zvaidavirwa kuti nomwe dzekare mapurani Zvivako uye chakakodzera dziri pfupi, asi nzwisisika pamabhuku. Imwe neimwe yeboka iri nhoroondo 'kutsikwa achimisa "rava nyika tsvene, chinhu chokunamata uye kuremekedzwa.

zvemashiripiti nhamba 7 kare kwainzi naMwari, musoro. Mythology uye upenyu hwezuva nezuva pemarudzi mazhinji kwenyika chokuita nhamba zvinhu dzakasiyana mabhora zvoupenyu. Somuenzaniso, muna vhiki - 7 days. The tsananguro inogona nemamiriro zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri, kana pane, zvinoita sokuti kune zvomuchadenga bhora muGirisi yekare. Akashama ziso aigona kuona zuva, mwedzi uye mapuraneti mashanu. Mazita chete vaiva vanamwari yekare (Jupiter, Saturn, Mars, Venus, Mercury).

Zvishamiso World: mutsva shanduro

Ndezvipi zvishamiso nomwe zvenyika kukwikwidzana anoshamisa mazano, anyangarika pamberi nyika? Kwakavakirwa paIndaneti kuvhota mazita nezvimwe zvinoshamisa zvikaitika, izvo zvakachengetedzwa, uye vanogona kuva akazvionera. The chiito rakarongwa uye vakabata pachikumbaridzo muchiuru chemakore chechitatu, sangano asiri zvisingabatsiri. The initiators pamusoro chinzvimbo chiito ichi akatambanudza zvimwe zvikonzero zvakanaka kuti chakaita kuita rokunyora mazita akasiyana-siyana uye anoita soro pamwero enyika mubereko:

• chinyakare zvishamiso vekare riri chete chikamu Old World, izvo zvaizivikanwa, uye mufashoni netsika;
• ari pamazita haana kuwana chikuru hurongwa huru dzokuAsia, muShanduro yeNyika Itsva nokumwewo;
• kusarudzwa pamazita chakaitwa inobva nzira, zvichienderana pfungwa vaGiriki vekare pamusoro zvinoshamisa sezvivako;
• "Mugungwa" vakanga zvakasikwa, izvo dzimwe nguva kupfuura UKURU kwayo zvishamiso nevanhu.

Kutsunga pakati vakundi chirongwa, kwakasarudzwa kuti tiite aparadzane pakati Monuments of mapurani uye hunhu. Zvakabuda zvakare kungopfupikiswa kaviri: muna 2007 uye 2011 M azvaitwa. Vagari mazana maviri nyika vakatora mugove paIndaneti ongororo. Maererano ahwo dzaisarudzwa ne "favorite" - the zvisakamboonekwa izvo anozivikanwa vanhu vakawanda munyika. Tiri kutaura Great Wall of China, Taj Mahal muIndia, kuvaka Machu Picchu muPeru muSouth America, uye dzimwe mananara. Asi UNESCO Committee akagamuchira ichi chiito okuti akakurumbira sarudzo - ichi hachisi nzira kushandiswa kutsvaka zvishamiso, kukwanisa yokutsiva zvisipo zvicherwa zvakawanwa munhoroondo yekare nyika uye tsika.