How kurerutsa musoro kutaura: basa, mitemo uye mienzaniso

Nhasi tichadzidza pamwe kurerutsa musoro mashoko, tinowana Kunyatsoziva mitemo dzinokosha uye kuongorora chokwadi patafura pfungwa mabasa.

Chokutanga, sei nyaya iyi. Wati wambocherechedza sei kutaura? Tapota cherechedza kuti matauriro edu uye zviito nguva pasi mitemo pfungwa. Kuti vazive zvinozobuda chero chiitiko uye kwete vava parumananzombe, dzidza nyore uye zvakajeka mitemo nomufungo. Ivo achakubatsira kwete chete kuwana giredhi yakanaka kombiyuta sayenzi kana kuti zvakawanda balls ari vabatane nehurumende kuongorora, asi kuita muupenyu ezvinhu havasi chero.

akavhiyiwa

Kudzidza nyore pfungwa mashoko, unofanira kuziva:

• Zvii anoita Boolean nemasvomhu;
• Rutapudzo uye kutendeuka mutemo mashoko;
• Unorudzi remapazi.

Zvino tikatarisa nyaya idzi zvakawanda. Ngatitange pamwe mashandiro. Vanofanira runako nyore kuyeuka.

1. Chinhu chokutanga tinoona musoro chokuwanziridza, mumabhuku nayo inonzi pachiimbwa oparesheni. Kana mamiriro zvakanyorwa muchimiro okuti, kuvhiyiwa yakaratidzwa ane inverted chishambwe, chokuwanziridza chiratidzo, kana "&".
2. Akatevera inonyanyoshandiswa kushandiswa mabasa - musoro Kuwedzera kana disjunction. Her mucherechedzo chishambwe kana ndinoiitawo chiratidzo.
3. A chinokosha zvikuru chinhu ndiwo negation kana inversion. Rangarirai kuti mumutauro Russian iwe yoga chivakashure. Zvakajeka, kuti inversion anoratidza munhu chivakashure pamberi okuti, kana kuti zvido zvevanhu mutsetse pamusoro payo.
4. The chezvaizoitika (kana kunanga) zvinoratidzwa museve kubva kukosha kuferefeta. Kana tikafunga oparesheni kubva nemaonero mutauro wokuRussia, yakafanana norudzi mutongo mamiriro: "kana ... zvino ...".
5. Next ndiyo yokuenzana, iyo runotaurwa vaviri-nzira museve. In Russian, kuvhiyiwa kuri sezvinotevera: "chete kana".
6. Sheffer Shamhu anotsaura mashoko maviri hunyambiri kubhawa.
7. Pierce Arrow, zvakafanana Sheffer sitiroko, migove mashoko wehunyambiri museve hunotaura pasi.

Nechokwadi kuona kuti kushanda vanofanira kuitwa enderana urongwa: negation, chokuwanziridza, Uyezve, naizvozvo, kuti yokuenzana. Nokuti akavhiyiwa "Kurohwa Sheffer" uye "musoro kana" hakuna nokutonga kukosha. Saka, vanofanira kuitwa kuti yavanofanira kumira kunzwisisa mashoko.

tafura chokwadi

Gadzirisa mashoko Boolean okuti uye vavake tafura chokwadi nokuda humwe sarudzo hazvibviri pasina ruzivo matafura dzinokosha kushandiswa. Zvino isu kupa kusangana navo. Cherechedza kuti tsika anogona kutora kana wechokwadi kana nhema ukoshi.

Nokuti tikafunga petafura riri sezvinotevera:

Table disjunction oparesheni kuti:

negation:

zvinoitika:

yokuenzana:

Barcode Schiffer:

Pierce Arrow:

anoitwa mitemo

Musi mubvunzo sei kurerutsa pfungwa mashoko ari kombiyuta zvesayenzi, kuchatibatsira kuwana mhinduro nyore uye zvakajeka mitemo nomufungo.

Ngatitange pamwe nyore mutemo kwegakava. Kana isu vawande nevakomana pfungwa (A uye NEA), isu zvino tora nhema. Kana kuwedzera wakatarisana pfungwa, tinowana chokwadi, mutemo unonzi "mutemo Kwabviswa pakati." Kazhinji Boolean nemasvomhu mune mashoko ane miviri negation (kwete NEA), isu zvino tiwane mhinduro imwe A. Panewo vaviri mutemo of Morgan:

• kana tine negation ose zvine Uyezve, isu tiwane chokuwanziridza maviri mashoko ane inversion (kwete (A + B) = * Nea Neuve);
• zvakafanana mabasa, uye mutemo wechipiri, dzataidya nokumunyima chokuwanziridza, tinowana kuwedzera tsika mbiri pamwe inversion.

Very kakawanda kuburitsa mufananidzo, zvakafanana ukoshi (A kana B) kuumbwa kana rikawanda pamwe chete. Panyaya iyi, mutemo uchidzokorora (= A * A + B kana A = B). Kune mitemo uye acquisitions:

• A + (A * B) = A;
• A * (A + B) = A;
• A * (HEA + B) = A * B.

Pane vaviri Muitiro unobatanidza mutemo:

• (A * B) + (A * B) = A;
• (A + B) * (A + B) = A.

Gadzirisa musoro mashoko zviri nyore kana uchiziva mitemo Boolean nemasvomhu. Zvose dzakanyorwa muchikamu chino mutemo nyaya anogona kuongororwa empirically. Nokuti chinangwa ichi isu kuzarura mumabhuraketi maererano nemitemo masvomhu.

MUENZANISO 1

Takadzidza ose zvinhu kurerutsa musoro mashoko, yava zvakakodzera kusimbisa zivo yavo itsva muhombodo tsika. We anoratidza here kuti kubva pamwe mienzaniso mitatu kubva mupurogiramu chikoro uye matikiti ari yakabatana wehurumende bvunzo.

In muenzaniso wokutanga, tinofanira nyore okuti: (P * E) + (C * nawo). Chokutanga, tinofanira pfungwa dzedu yokuti zvose rokutanga uye rechipiri mumabhuraketi vane variables pamwe inopa kuti kubva mumabhuraketi. Pashure isu kuti zvakaitwa kutyora okuti: C * (E + izvozvo). Pakuvamba isu akatarira pamurairo kunze pakati, kuzvishandisa panyaya mashoko. Zvichitevera izvozvo, tinogona kutaura kuti E + = 1 zviri saka mashoko edu anotora chimiro: C * 1. Kunoguma okuti, tinogona kuva nyore nokuziva kuti C 1 = C *.

MUENZANISO 2

Our rinotevera basa richava: chii ichiri itsanangudzo Boolean mashoko haisi (C + izvozvo) kwete + (C + E) + C * E?

Tapota ona ari muenzaniso uyu ndiyo negation kunzwisisa mashoko, ichi vanofanira kubvisa, rinotungamirirwa mitemo De Morgan. Kushandisa pavo, tinowana zvinotevera okuti: * E + Nes Nes * nayo + C * E. Kamwe zvakare tiri kupupurira kudzokororwa shanduka mune mazwi maviri, kuti kubva mumabhuraketi: hec * (E + wake) + C * E. Zvakare, shandisa Kumiswa- Act: hec * 1 + C * E. Tinoyeuka kuti mashoko okuti "Nes * 1" vakaenzana Nes: Nes + C * E. Uyewo tinodzidza kushandisa distributive mutemo: (hec + C) * (hec + E). Tikashandisa mutemo kunze pakati: hec + E.

MUENZANISO 3

Imi makaona kuti zvechokwadi nyore chaizvo kuti husava mashoko Boolean okuti. Muenzaniso №3 achaiswa dzakapendwa zvishoma muudzame, edza kuzviita pachako.

Gadzirisa mashoko okuti: (D + E) * (D + F).

1. D * D + D * F + E * D + E * F;
2. D + D * F + E * D + E * F;
3. D * (1 + F) + E * D + E * F;
4. D + E * D + E * F;
5. D * (1 + E) + E * F;
6. D + E * F.

Sezvaunogona kuona, kana uchiziva mitemo kurerutsa kunzwisisa musoro mashoko, ipapo basa ichi haazombofi kukukonzera matambudziko.