Giant-kirasi yepasi pemvura "Akula" Project 941: zvayakaita, unhu

Kirasi yepasi pemvura "Shark" chichiri zvinyorwa Undefeated of USSR. Vari zvionera navhigesheni mazuva 120, zviri nyore chinoyambuka gungwa kucherechedzwa uye iye simba rokurega gobvu kweArctic chando uye akarova chinangwa mudzivisi muna kusunungura ose zvombo ballistic zvombo mukati pfupi. Nhasi, kuwana kushandiswa nokuti handigoni, uye wake mugumo kujeka.

mhinduro dzedu

Maoko rudzi zvinopindura pakati USSR uye United States, vakati kubudikidza mativi ose ane zvakakwana kufarira vaviri matambudziko. Mumakore 70 United States vakanga vakabata chikepe ane misha matani 18.7. Its kumhanya aiva 200 zviyero, vanobatanidzwa midziyo uye michini, kwapera pemvura chombo nezvekutanga kudzika 15 kusvika 30 mamita. Achipindura, sayenzi Soviet uye muchiuto-maindasitiri kunzwisisa somutungamiriri munyika akabvunza pakusika nani rwokugadzira.

Muna December 1972 zvakanzi wakabudiswa tactical uye michina zvinodiwa kuti pave yepasi pemvura pamwe Cipher "Shark" uye nhamba 941. Start okuvaka mabasa yakatanga chisarudzo nehurumende kutanga kusimukira basa akanzi aite CDB "Rubin". Implementation zvakagadzirwa pfungwa kwakaitika huru hanga kwenyika - panguva "Sevmash", nokuisa kwakaitika muna 1976. Munguva pakuvaka yepasi pemvura yakaitwa kwesayenzi Zvinhu zvakawanda, mumwe wavo - the uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa.-modular nzira kuvakwa kuti kuderedza nguva kupera. Nhasi, nzira iyi rinoshandiswa chaizvo ose shipbuilding, asi yepasi pemvura "Akula" Kirasi waiva wokutanga zvose.

Pakapera September 1980 kubva shipyard pakati Severodvinsk kwakatangwa muGungwa White, wokutanga yepasi pemvura "Akula" Project 941. Maererano nengano, gungwa kana zvave, nouta pamusoro yepasi pemvura kusvikira akatura mumvura, pasi waterline akanga vakarondedzera mazino rehove fukura, muswe akaputirwa trident. Mushure anoburukira mugungwa mufanidzo yakanyangarika pasi mumvura uye Logo ndamboona zvakare, asi ndangariro vanhu, kukara rundanyara uye nezviratidzo, pakarepo akapa zita ngarawa - ". Shark" All zvinotevera mhando 941 yepasi pemvura vakagamuchira zita chete, uye kuti vashandi nhengo zviratidzo zvavo muchimiro kurohwa pamusoro ruoko ne mufananidzo shark wakatangwa. Muna US ngarawa akapiwa zita "Dutu".

patani

Underwater kirasi "Shark" chikepe pane mamiriro afanane and catamaran - housings vaviri, mumwe nomumwe wavo ane dhayamita pamusoro 7.2 metres, vari akaronga newokuti rimwe chinjikira ndege. The chisimbiso mupanda pamwe nokudzora module riri pakati maviri miviri mikuru, pane kure kuzvidzora uye redhiyo ouinjiniya chombo ngarawa. Rocket chikwata chiri pamberi chikepe pakati hulls. Kutama chikamu chimwe chikepe kuti mumwe zvaibvira kuti kuchinja matatu. The yose Hull yaiumbwa 19 risingapindi mvura nezvikamu.

Ngarava dzepasi pemvura kuti Project 941 ( "Shark") vari kuvaka, nokuveza nechigadziko, maviri pop-kubvisa mukamuri kukwanisa nezviito zvose taita. Kamuri, iyo dzimba musimboti hofisi, riri pedo shure pamusoro ngarawa. Titanium ra anofukidza muviri maviri nechepakati, musimboti post, Avangard mukamuri, vamwe pamusoro iri vasonanidza simbi, musi uyo Akash unhani makachengeteka anovanza kubva muchikepe Tracking hurongwa.

Front retractable mavhiri vari chinjikira nemagadzirirwo uta mugwa. Rokunze nokuveza zvakasimbisa uye vakagadzirira ane dzeraundi makavharidzira denga chimiro, inokwanisa kumedura hwakasimba chando pamusoro apo yerera kuchamhembe latitudes.

zvinoitwa

On the yepasi pemvura mhando 941 akagadzawo simba rechitatu chizvarwa unit (kukwanisa kwavo kwakanga 100,000 litres. S.) Block mhando, placement akanga rakasanganiswa kupinda zvingaenzana nemidhadhadha miviri vari kumanikidzwa Hull, kuderedza kukura Nei. Saka waivako kwakavandudzika.

Asi kwete chete danho iri akaita kunozivikanwa Ngarava dzepasi pemvura kirasi "Shark." Characteristics Chanchikwan zvaisanganisira vaviri pressurized mvura reactor OK-650 maviri chiutsi-mhando turbine. All vakaungana midziyo akabvumira kwete chete kuwedzera kunyatsoshanda yose nokushanda yepasi pemvura, asi kuderedza vibration, uye maererano, kuvandudza kurira kuputira muchikepe. Nuclear simba Kurongwa vari kusashanda zvaitika apo magetsi simba rive.

Magadzirirwo:

• Kunonyanyisa Length - 172 metres.
• Kunonyanyisa upamhi - 23.3 mamita.
• Muviri kukwirira - 26 mamita.
• Musha (pemvura / pamusoro mvura) - 48 matani / matani 23.2 ..
• Kutsungirira pasina dzichiuya - mazuva 120.
• kunyudza udzamu (kunonyanyisa / kushanda) - 480 m / 400m.
• swimming havukavu (pamusoro-mvura / pemvura) - 12 zviyero / 25 dzakabatana.

nezvombo

Main chombo - zvikukutu ballistic zvombo "Musiyano" (muviri uremu - 90 m, urefu -.. 17.7 m). chombo siyana 8.3 Th. makiromita, kuti warhead rakakamurwa 10 warheads, chimwe nechimwe chine inokwana 100 kilotons ose TNT uye munhu nhungamiro gadziriro.

Tanga zvose zvombo zvombo yepasi pemvura kungava kuroora vachimedza pfupi penguva pakati kutanga chombo dzakabatana. Kumhanya zvombo yaigadzirwa nomumativi anyatsofukidzwa, kunonyanyisa udzamu panotanga 55 mamita. Design unhu zvombo envisaged mu chombo 24, pashure wakaderedzwa kusvika 20 dzakabatana.

Features

Ngarava dzepasi pemvura kuti Project 941 "Akula" akashongedzerwa nesimba chirimwa zvinosanganisira vezvikwata zviviri, akaparadzaniswa mu zvakasimba akakombwa zviruva siyana. reactors vakakwanisa chamber kurova kwemwoyo zvokushandisa, zvoga norudaviro maitiro kuchangotanga kurasikirwa nesimba.

Kana achibudisa basa mazano ari chinodiwa akanga akachengeteka muchikepe rikarira, vanonzi dziviriro nharaunda, dzakanga dzaona nokuda nzira simba guru uye zvinosimbiswa experimentally dzimba dzakabatana (mbiri abuda module kuda mudziyo, coupling housings uye t. D.) .

Kirasi yepasi pemvura "Shark" yakavakwa panguva "Sevmash", apo zvakananga munyika kupfuura rakagadzirwa uye zvakasikwa wake indoor boathouse, kana chitoro nhamba 55 Ngarava chacho 941 vanoonekwa ne zvawanzwa buoyancy - kupfuura 40%. To muchikepe anyatsofukidzwa zvachose, ayo kutsigisa igwa kunofanira hafu misha yaro, nei paiva zita rechipiri - "inotakura mvura". Chisarudzo musi namaapuro yakadaro yakaitwa aine kure anoona zvakanaka ziso - kuti aite kugadzira uye yokudzivisa Nokuraramisa zvinoda pamusoro raivapo piers uye kugadzirisa mafekitari.

The chete buoyancy chendangariro kupona chikepe iri kuchamhembe latitudes, apo uchida kumedura gobvu chando pakavha. Ngarava dzepasi pemvura "Shark" Project 941 kurarama inoomesera ezvinhu kuchamhembe danda, apo chando ukobvu rinosvika 2.5 M pamwe concomitant chando uye chando anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri influxes. rave kukwanisa kuvhura chando ukobvu kwakaratidzwa uchidzidzira.

vashandi nyaradzo

The vashandi kuti yepasi pemvura zvikuru akapedza nevatariri, warandi vatariri. Senior vakuru dzakagara zviviri-uye mana mubhedha cabins nepokuongorora TV, wash dhishi, mhepo kutonhodza, wardrobes, desks uye zvichingodaro.

Vezvikepe uye mudiki navatariri vakagamuchira dzinoshandiswa hwomutambarakede Kubrick. Yepasi pemvura magariro vaipfuura vakasununguka, chete nezvikepe mukirasi iyi vaiva vakagadzirira horo nokuda mabasa zvemitambo, pool, solarium uye sauna. Kuti varege kutyora kure chokwadi zvakare muna refu mushandirapamwe, nzvimbo mupenyu wakasikwa.

zvakachengeterwa

Over nguva yose kuvaka Ngarava dzepasi pemvura kuti mhando 941 zvakanzi vabvuma sevatsvaki vemapuranga Navy nhanhatu:

• "Dmitry Donskoy" (TK - 208). Chakagamuchirwa muna December 1981, mushure ndiwedzere atanga zvakare kuti kuitisa mabasa muna July 2002.
• TK-202. Ndine musha chiteshi ndokuiswa basa December 1983. Muna 2005, igwa rakanga racherwa chinyorwa simbi.
• "Simbirsk" (FC-12). Chakagamuchirwa muna Northern Fleet muna January 1985. Rakanga kuraswa muna 2005.
• TK-13. The ngarawa ashanda muna December 1985. Muna 2009, muviri richivezwa kupinda simbi yacho yepasi pemvura (shestiotsechny misa reactors) dzave akashandurirwa kuchengetedza kwenguva refu panguva Kola Peninsula.
• "Arkhangelsk" (FC-17). Date nokuti Navy - November 1987. Nokuda kwokushayikwa zvombo kubva 2006, vakakurukura nyaya Utilisation.
• "Severstal" (FC-20). Akatumirwa kuhondo pakati Navy muna September 1989. Muna 2004 akaenda kuchengeterwa nokuda kwokushaya ammo, rakasarudzwazve kuti inoraswa.
• TK-210. Bookmark pekugara kuvaka rakaenderana dismantling pamusoro zvoupfumi. Akarasikirwa mari uye akaputsa muna 1990.

Nuclear yepasi pemvura "Akula" Kirasi vakanga yabatanidza kupinda rimwe nokupesana, iyo inoshanda sezvo muzinda People Western (Murmansk nharaunda). Zvokuvakazve Nerpichiya Bay yakapedzwa muna 1981. Nokuti mhando 941 sevatsvaki vemapuranga vakanga vakapakata musha mooring mutsetse, piers chaizvo features, akavaka yakasiyana kondo matani 125 vachizvitakudza zvombo (kwete basa).

Current mamiriro

To musi, zvose zvinowanikwa renyukireya yepasi pemvura "Akula" Kirasi yaiva pachiteshi yokunyoresa muna akachengetedzwa chimiro, akasarudza mugumo wavo. The yepasi pemvura "Dmitry Donskoy" akanga upgraded ne akakodzera midziyo "Bulava". Vezvenhau vakabuditsa, zvakanzi akaronga dzokurasa vasiri kuita zvinhu muna 2016. Posts pamusoro Implementation kuronga haana.

Giant yepasi pemvura Project 941 "Akula", achiri yakasiyana zvombo, chete ngarawa, vaikwanisa kuita kuhondo pabasa kweArctic. Vanofanira zvinenge invulnerable kune Anti yepasi pemvura, riri US zvombo. Uyewo, hapana zvinogona muvengi haana zvekushandisa nzira kuziva ndege ngarawa pasi chando.