Inotungamirwa, Nyaya

German tangi T-4: waivako unhu

Hapana ari "Krupp" muna 1936 angadai akafungidzira kuti ichi muchina muhombe, akashongedzerwa aine pfupi-pfuti inifanduri rutsigiro, uye vanoonekwa somunhu chikamu, chichange sezvo zvikuru kushandiswa muuto reGermany. With tuso 9000 inokwana zviyero rava kupfuura hombe tangi, zvabudiswa nokusingaperi muGermany, kugadzirwa iyo, pasinei kushaya zvinhu akasimuka okupedzisira chaizvo mazuva Hondo Yenyika II muEurope.

Hackney Wehrmacht

Pasinei chokwadi kuti kwakanga motokari muchiuto, zvakawanda ano kupfuura tangi German T-4 - "Tiger", "Panther" uye "Mambo Tiger", haana chete aiva dzakawanda Wehrmacht, asi akanga ari chikamu aigona mapoka akawanda SS. The aiitwa Kubudirira zvimwe iri guru Hull uye turret, kudekara nazvo, rakavimbika uye akasimba chassis, izvo akawedzera siyana zvombo zvehondo, ichienzaniswa Panzer III. Sezvo muenzaniso A kuna F1 tanga okunatsiridza, shandisa pfupi 75mm dhiramu zvishoma nezvishoma atsiviwa "refu", ne F2 kuna H, aine vakarongeka chaizvo mukuru-nokukurumidza pfuti nhaka kubva Pak 40 chinogona kukurira KV-1 Soviet uye T -34. Pakupedzisira, kuti tangi German T-4 (mufananidzo akurukurwa munyaya) outclassed Panzer III sezvo yakakura, uye ayo nezvaanogona zvachose.

Pamasikiro kumumvuri "Krupp"

Pakutanga zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti tangi German T-4, hwokugadzira maitiro acho rinorondedzerwa muna 1934 vaffenamtom, vachashumira sezvo "dzibudise motokari" kuviga ayo basa wairambidza Pakuurayiwa Versailles Treaty wechokwadi.

Kusangana yepfungwa akatora Haynts Guderian. muenzaniso mutsva uyu aizova tangi kuti vaifamba rutsigiro uye akaisa shure tangi mapoka. Kwaiva kwakarongwa kuti pachiyero rechiuto, mumwe motokari kwakadaro awire pamusoro ose matatu Panzer III. Kusiyana, T-3, akashongedzerwa mumwe mwero 37mm Pak pfuti 36 nezvakanaka zvevanopesana maitiro, pfupi hunde howitzer Panzer IV aigona kushandiswa pamusoro ose masvingo, blockhouses, bunkers, Anti tangi pfuti uye atirari nzvimbo.

Pakutanga, uremu panogumira kurwa motokari yakanga matani 24. MUNHU kambani, Krupp uye Rheinmetall-Borsig akavaka prototypes matatu uye Krupp akahwina chikuru kondirakiti. The kuturika wokutanga hutsva, pamwe matanhatu rakatumbuka nemavhiri. Gare gare, mauto aida kuisa makirisito chitubu, anopa nani wehunyambiri kutsauka. Tichienzanisa wambotaurwa ezvinhu, yakanga mberi zvakawanda zvakanaka, asi kudiwa tangi idzva rokumisa pakuzadzisa. Krupp akadzokera zvikuru tsika maitiro nemana hunyambiri vhiri marori uye mashizha namatsime, nokuti nyore yokuzvigadzirisa. Ndakaronga kuti vashandi vashanu - vatatu vaiva shongwe (mutungamiri, murwi uye loader) uye mutyairi ane redhiyo opareta - mune nyaya. The vachirwa mupanda yaiva nekaupenyu yakakura, paine shure injini mupanda soundproofing. German tangi T-4 mu (mufananidzo mashoko kunoratidzwa) vakapakata pamusoro-bhodhi kukurukurirana maitiro uye redhiyo.

Kunyange hakusi zvikuru, asi asymmetrical muviri Panzer IV, neshongwe iri zvava pedyo 6,5 masendimita kuruboshwe, uye injini - 15 masendimita kurudyi. Izvi zvakaitwa kuitira kuti zvakananga kubatanidza mhete nokupfuuridzirwa shongwe kuti nokukurumidza wekushanduka nayo. Mabhokisi ane zvombo pakudaro riri kurudyi.

The kumumvuri, akagadzira uye yakavakwa muna 1936 panguva Krupp AG fekitari muMagdeburg, akanga asarudzwa Waffenamt sei Versuchskraftfahrzeug 622. Kunyange zvakadaro, mune pre-hondo itsva Nomenclature akakurumidza akazozivikanwa Pz.Kpfw.IV (Sd.Kfz. 161).

The tangi aiva peturu injini Maybach HL108TR inokwana marita 250. s., uye bhokisi 75 munenge SGR shanu mberi uye chimwe neizvi giya. The kunonyanyisa nokukurumidza uri sandara pemvura bvunzo rakanga 31 km / h.

75 mm kanoni - pasi nokukurumidza Kampfwagenkanone (KwK) 37 L / 24. It ibhuku aiendeswa vachiridzira putika anoshongwa nekongiri masvingo. Asi vamwe anokwanisa kupa chimwe Anti-kuboora projectile Panzergranate, ane kukurumidza raiva 440 m / s. It aigona kupindira 43 mm Pepa simbi ari chinhambwe 700 m. Two pfuti MG-34 wakagumiswa maoko, coaxial mumwe pamberi muchina.

Wokutanga batch mangé tangi kutaipa A muviri dzokurwa ukobvu hakuiti pfuura 15 mm uye shongwe - 20 mm. Kunyange zvazvo zvave vakaomesa simbi, kudzivirirwa kwakadaro waigona kudzivisa chete handguns, chiedza atirari uye girinedhi zvimedu.

Early "pfupi" pre-dzino

tangi German T-4 A rudzi pre-dzinotevedzana vezvikwata 35 achibudiswa 1936. yakatevera yaiva Ausf. B dzakachinja Kurayira rising itsva injini Maybach HL 120TR, kukudziridza inokwana 300 litres. a., uyewo itsva hutachiwana SSG75.

Pasinei imwe uremu, kufadza nokukurumidza yakawedzera kusvika 39 km / h, uye kudzivirirwa hwakasimbiswa. dzokurwa ukobvu yakasvika 30 mm pamberi vachida redzimba mugove uye 15 mm kumwewo. Uyezve, pfuti akadzivirirwa nokuda tsotsonya itsva.

Pashure nokubudiswa 42 kugadzirwa michina kushandisa tangi German T-4 C. The ukobvu dzokurwa nadzo pamusoro turret yawedzera 30 mm. Vose uremu kwakanga matani 18.15. Mushure chokuendesa 40 inokwana zviyero muna 1938, ari tangi kwave nani nokuda kugadzwa injini idzva Maybach HL 120TRM inotevera zana motokari. Hazvina musoro kuti vaitevera nadzurudzo D. «Dora" zvinogona kupatsanurwa kubudikidza achangogadzwa pfuti pamusoro muviri uye vatungamirire kunze embrasure. Pakukora kurutivi dzokurwa yakawedzera kusvika 20 mm. In zvachose 243 motokari muenzaniso uyu dzakabudiswa, wokupedzisira iyo - mukutanga 1940s. Nadzurudzo D Wakapedzisira pre-kugadzirwa, pashure izvo murayiro asarudza kuvaka akamboona.

Standardization

tangi German T-4 rekutanga pamwero mukuru E series, iyo yakatanga kubudisa munguva yehondo. Kunyange zvazvo ongororo dzakawanda uye mishumo zvinoratidza kusava rakapinza nesimba 37-mm pfuti Panzer III, aizovatsiva zvakanga zvisingaiti. Vachitsvaka mhinduro kunovhenekwa pamusoro kumumvuri of Panzer IV Ausf. Nadzurudzo D wakaiswa svikiro kumhanya 50 mm pfuti Pak 38. The kutanga hurongwa 80 inokwana zviyero akadzima mushure French pamushandirapamwe. The tangi hondo, kunyanya pamusoro British "Matilda" uye French "bis B1", pakupedzisira zvakava pachena kuti zvombo ukobvu haina kukwana, uye rakapinza simba simba pfuti. The Ausf. E akasiya barreled pfuti KwK 37L / 24, asi pakukora pamberi nadzo yakanga yawedzera kusvika 50 neMM, pamwe 30 mm simbi yairema lining, sezvo kwenguva pfupi kwazvo. By April 1941, apo nadzurudzo iyi chikatsiviwa Ausf. F, ayo kugadzirwa yakasvika 280 dzakabatana.

Last "pfupi" muenzaniso

Chimwe nadzurudzo yekudyidzana achinja German tangi T-4. Mashoko okutanga womuenzaniso F, F1 zita kana mumwe inotevera achinja nokuda yaitsiva kavha ndiro 50-mm ndiro ukobvu uye kuwedzera lateral zvikamu Hull uye turret 30 mm. The zvachose kurema tangi akasimuka matani anopfuura 22, izvo zvakakonzera zvimwe kuchinja, akadai kuwedzera upamhi Makwara kubva mm 380 kusvika 400 kuti kuderedza kumanikidza pasi pamwe runoenzanirana vachinja kusungika uye vaviri kutyaira mavhiri. F1 akaitwa uwandu 464 inokwana zviyero kuritsiva muna March 1942

"Refu" Wokutanga

Kunyange dzokurwa kuboora projectile Panzergranate Panzer IV yakaderera-velocity pfuti aisagona kudzivisa tsime-warrior matangi. In mashoko akapoteredza kukasaitwa mushandirapamwe muna USSR raifanira akasarudza chikuru ndiwedzere of T-3. Rava kuwanikwa Chishandiso Pak 38L / 60, ane kushanda hwakasimbiswa, akaronga kuti kugadzwa ari shongwe Panzer IV. Muna November 1941, zvikabva rakapera, uye zvikanzi akaronga kubudisa. Asi hondo wekutanga KV-1 Soviet uye T-34 kugadzirwa 50mm pfuti, semashandisirwo Panzer III, kwakaregwa nyasha idzva, kupfuura simba muenzaniso Rheinmetall kambani inobva caliber pfuti 75 mm Pak 40L / 46. Izvi zvakazoita kuti KwK 40L / 43, panongova refu-caliber vakapakata tomu akamedura, izvo kwakaderedza anodzoka. The kutanga velocity pamusoro projectile Panzergranade 39 vakapfuura 990 m / s. Aigona pinda 77 mm dzokurwa ari chinhambwe kusvikira 1850 metres. Kubvira pakagadzwa muna February 1942, zvikabva ari Serial kugadzirwa F2 rokutanga. By July 175 dzakabatana dzakabudiswa. In June tangi German T-4 F2 Yakazopiwa zita rokuti uri T-4 G, asi vose mhando vaffenamta akasarudzwa sezvo Sd.Kfz.161 / 1. Mune dzimwe magwaro, muenzaniso rinonzi F2 / G.

Transitional womuenzaniso

tangi German T-4, G chinhu nani pachake pamwe F2 kuchinja chokuita simbi nemari kuburikidza utilizing kufambira mberi frontal dzokurwa thickened nechepasi. Frontal glacis akanga yakakura itsva 30-mm ndiro, zvachose ukobvu yakawedzera kusvika 80 mm. Izvozvo zvakakwana kuti vakabudirira zvinopesana Soviet 76-mm pfuti uye 76.2-mm Anti-tangi pfuti. Pakutanga takafunga kuti mureza uyu chete nehafu kugadzirwa, asi muna January 1943, Adolf Hitler pachake akarayira wakazara iitike. Zvisinei, muchina uremu yakawedzera matani 23.6, pachena zvishoma vanokwanisa pakati chassis uye powertrain.

German tangi T 4 mukati ndavhiyiwa kuchinja. Tower peepholes zvabviswa, injini kuvesa uye kufefetedza yakaderera tembiricha vawedzerwe, chimwezve akagadzirwa kupembedza vhiri yokuisira uye okusungisa nokuda njanji Links glacis. Ivo zvaishanda kudzivirira pfupi. Aitwa weekly headlights, yaiitisa kusimbisa uye nadzurudzo yacho cupola.

In akazotevera shanduro tsime 1943 pakanga divi dzokurwa pamusoro Hull uye turret, uye utsi girinedhi launchers. Asi Chikurukuru, paiva idzva, pfuti zvikuru simba KwK 40L / 48. Pashure nokubudiswa 1 275 mureza uye 412 kunowedzera kugadzirwa Matangi zvakachinja akananga Ausf.H. muenzaniso

The chikuru Version

German tangi T-4 H (mufananidzo vakaisawo pazasi) vakagadzirira pamwe chete mutsva refu-barreled pfuti KwK 40L / 48. Uyezve kuchinja hanya kudekara kugadzirwa - vabviswa mungarava peepholes, shandisa nevakawanda zvikamu pamwe Panzer III. In yose, kusvikira mangwana nadzurudzo Ausf. J muna June 1944 kunge ndaitora 3774 michina.

Muna December 1942, "Krupp" akagashira chinhu Kuti tangi kuti chose sloped zvombo, nokuti imwe uremu waida kukura chassis itsva, Kupfuudzwa uye zvichida injini. Zvisinei, kugadzirwa akatanga aine yoku- shanduro Ausf.G. tangi German T-4 akapiwa gearbox itsva ZF Zahnradfabrik SSG-76, zvitsva redhiyo (FU2 uye 5, uye dzimwe kukurukurirana). Pakukora ari frontal nadzo yakawedzera kusvika 80 mm pasina panhongonya machira. H uremu yakasvika 25 matani kurwisa giya, uye kufadza nokukurumidza yakaderera kusvika 38 km / h, uye mune chaiyo kurwisana mamiriro - kusvika 25 km / h, uye shoma zvikuru pane akaoma. Pakazopera 1943, tangi wokuGermany T-4 H vakava akafukidzwa namatidza "Zimmer", upgraded mhepo filters, neshongwe paakagadzwa Anti-ndege muchina MG 34.

Last Yokudzidza womuenzaniso

Last Tank, German T-4 J, kuenda Nibelungwerke muSt Valentin, Austria, sezvo Vomag uye Krupp zvino mabasa mamwe, uye akanga pasi anoitwa, zvikuru achifunga vakawanda kugadzirwa uye kashoma rinotsigirwa zvikwata. Somuenzaniso, yemagetsi neshongwe rakabvisirwa, munoenzanisa rinoitwa manually, izvo zvakawedzera kuti 200 litres Fuel tangi vanokwanisa, kuwedzera uchishandisa siyana anosvika 300? Km. Other okunatsiridza zvaisanganisira kubviswa peshongwe yokuona hwindo, uye Anti ndege muchina pokunzvenga napo achitsigira kugadzira utsi girinedhi. "Zimmer" haasisina kushandiswa sezvo protivokumulyativnymi «siketi» Schürzen, kutsiviwa isingadhuri pajira riya aenzana. Dzimba dzose injini redhiyeta rainge nyore. Drive rarasika neizvi chinotenderera. Paiva mufflers maviri womoto arresters, uyewo pagomo nokuda 2-tani kondo. Uyewo, SSG 77 yedzimudzangara anoshandiswa Panzer III, kunyange zvazvo rakanga zvakajeka migweje. Pasinei zvibayiro izvi, nokuda kuramba kubhomba wenhumbi omubatanidzwa vakatyisidzirwa, uye vanosvika Matangi 2970 chete dzakavakwa kuguma March 1945 kubva 5000 vasati varonga.

okunatsiridza

Jagdpanzer IV - zvimwe yakanakisisa uye kupfuura rinotyisa tangi dzinoti T-4, pasi uye inoshanda chaizvo muvhimi, kunyanya vanzwe vakasununguka muItaly uye Normandy. Muna 1943, 1980 uye dzakabatana dzakavakwa.
Sturmgeschütz IV - Assault Tank ane nekusimba superstructure uye chombo Sturmgeschütz III. Created 1140 michina.
Panzerbefehlswagen IV - murayiro post, akashongedzerwa aine kutaridza redhiyo, yakazara akagadzirwa zvemagetsi uye wiring. Inoshandiswa batanidza atirari rutsigiro, vaifamba uye mhepo rutsigiro warrior kupesana. Kura uye yakavimbika - ichi pamwe ndiyo yakanakisisa German muchiuto murayiro tangi.
Panzerbeobachtungswagen IV - a vakanyatsoshongedzwa motokari kuti atirari pakuongorora, pamwe Wespe uye Hummel kuzvidzora propelled pfuti.
Sturmpanzer IV Brummbär - mumwe unoyevedza German ACS 150 mm pfuti, iro sehofisi kumumvuri kusika Heuschrecke uye Dicker Max.
Flakpanzer IV Möbelwagen - akashanda mutsigiri mhepo kudzivirira rimwe chete 37-mm pfuti. Rakanga kuitwa 1944-45 (240 inokwana zviyero) kudzikamisa kurasikirwa ukuru mudenga.
Flakpanzer IV Wirbelwind - zvinoreva VOP vakapakata Ultra-vakarongeka chetyrehstvolnym 20mm Flakvierling. Yakabudiswa anopfuura 100 dzakabatana. Mumwe 66 anokwana zviyero, vakapakata 37 mm kanoni vakaishevedza Ostwind.
Geschützwagen III / IV Hummel - ACS chassis Panzer IV uye zvikamu Panzer III. Yakabereka zvinopfuura 666 zviumbu, mumwe inobudirira zvikuru pfuti kuzvidzora propelled German nguva dzose.
Panzerjager III / IV Nashorn - akabudirira chaizvo Ndege tangi akashongedzerwa kunozivikanwa 88 mm pfuti. Tinorasikirwa zvishoma pane "Tiger". Yakabudiswa 473 motokari.
Geschützwagen III / IV Schlepper - yakabereka zviumbu 150 pamwe chete urongwa.
Bergepanzer IV - German warrior kupora motokari, simba kupfuura shanduro inobva Panzer III. In shoma zvakawanda zviri vaberekawo uye amphibians Panzerfahre Landwasserschlepper.
Bruckenleger IV - kwakatangwa zambuko. zambuko pakureba zvakaita 56 m. kugadzirwa 24 dzakabatana.