Free tsika mapazi - uyu ... The tsika ndima. tsika yekubvuma

Kugadzirisa matambudziko inokosha kazhinji kusika ano inoti iri munharaunda yayo akasununguka (chaiwo) zvoupfumi zvikamu. SEZ (inokosha zvoupfumi mapazi) inogona iri mumamiriro uye pasi wenharaunda yaitongwa mumwe kana kupfuura nyika vari chikamu mubatanidzwa. Zvisinei, vane chinzvimbo chinokosha, sezvo ivo kukuzorodza kubva mabhizimisi mabasa wokumwe uye nyika masangano. Munyika tsika, vakasununguka tsika mapazi - ichi ndechimwe kushandiswa nevakawanda maitirwe ezvinhu. Pasina STZ dzimwe zvinhu anogona kuiswa kuti imwe nguva pasina kuripwa mabasa nemitero uye pasina kushanda kune vasiri mutero murau matanho.

ziviso

Kushanda vakasununguka munyika dzine kudzorwa mutemo dzakawanda, kunyanya Kyoto Convention muna 1979. The Customs Code of Customs Union of EurAsEC akaratidza zvimwe zvinhu zvayo shanduro itsva. The yokupedzisira akapinda simba pamusoro 3 February 2006. Somuenzaniso, nyaya 202 TC TC EAEC unocherekedza izvi mhando nzira sezvo FCZ uye vakasununguka yokuchengetera zvinhu. MuRussia, pane chinokosha munyika dzine zvoupfumi akasikwa pachishandiswa mitemo yeUnited. SEZ ndiyo chikamu wenharaunda Russia, izvo zvisingapindirani pamutemo uye yakanaka mabhizimisi ezvinhu. Mune dzimwe nzira aya angashandiswa STZ.

Huru zvitarisirwa uye mhando

Munyika tsika, chikuru basa rakasikwa chaiyo zvikamu ndiko kugadzirisa zvinonakisa zvoupfumi, kutengeserana, magariro, zvesayenzi uye michina matambudziko. Article 3 Federal Mutemo "On Special Economic Zone muna Russian Federation" ndiyo vakazvipira zvinangwa SEZ. Pakati pavo: kukura kugadzira indasitiri, yepamusorosoro Mazinga, tourism, nezvifambiso kwezvivako, commercialization kutsvakurudza kwesayenzi uye kugadzirwa mhando itsva nhumbi.

By chigadzirwa SEZ akasiyana ezvinhu anogona kushandisa. Pakati pavo, vakasununguka tsika mapazi. Uyu muitiro umo zvigadzirwa yokumwe havasi kutereswa kuti imwe nguva.

Munyika tsika, pane zvinotevera zvebasa pakusika SEZ:

• Kukwezva vatorwa mubhizimisi mazhinji ruzivo.
• Kusikwa mabasa, kunyanya vashandi zvikuru vanokwanisa.
• Kuidzwa nzira itsva basa sangano.
• Kurerutsa mari.
• Kuvandudza kuwana kwezvivako.
• Kuderedza mari vakabhadhara vashandi.
• Kuderedza uwandu yaiona ematongerwo.
• Regional kubudirira uye nzira mutengi kugadzirwa.

Kune classifications inoverengeka SEZ. The chikuru ndiye muzvikwata zvisina tsarukano zvoupfumi mabasa. In kupatsanura ichi govera zvokutengeserana, maindasitiri, zvekushandisa utsanzi, basa uye misoro SEZ.

Free tsika mapazi hurumende: pamutemo framework

Mukati mamiriro pamuganhu Russia, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan uye Kyrgyzstan ane vakawanda TK EurAsEC Customs Union. Uyewo kufunga anoita "Agreement pamusoro vakasununguka (chaiwo) zvoupfumi munyika dzine tsika ndima Tsika Union uye tsika muitiro chokusarudza tsika mapazi." Pfungwa SEZ zvakafanana kare wokurera ari Russian Federation rokuti the SEZ. Zvisinei, kuvapo kare upenyu hazvigoni kuwedzerwa.

tsika ndima

Pfungwa iyi musimboti misoro chokuita dzakawanda zvokutengeserana uye mari, sezvo ivo inosanganisira mharadzano kwenhumbi, mabasa uye guru ehurumende miganhu. Tsika ndima yose nyika, mhepo uye mvura nzvimbo munyika. Angasanganisira chakagadzirwa muzvitsuwa, zvivako uye kugadzwa. Maererano CC GAC EurAsEC Customs ndima zvinosanganisira nyika, mhepo uye mvura inosvika Russia, Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan uye Kyrgyzstan. Kunosanganisirawo zvose hazvizivi zvitsuwa, zvivako, zvivako, nekuda iyo inotaura ava oga utongi.

Munguva mutemo Russian

The Customs Code of EurAsEC Customs Union (Article 202) kunosanganisira STZ ari nzira kushandiswa Russia. Vanosvika gumi. Anopedzisa ndandanda chaiyo tsika maitirwe ezvinhu. Legal ukama maererano nokushanda kwenhengo chaiwo (anokosha) zvoupfumi munyika dzine vari nokudzorwa mutemo yeUnited "On Special Economic Zone muna Russian Federation" uye "Agreement pamusoro SEZ". Free tsika mapazi - a yoga muitiro. Hazvigoni kushandiswa mune dzimwe mhando SEZ. Kufamba nhumbi uye kubva STZ yaakaita mvumo netsika zviremera. Products anogona kuwanika pano oupenyu ari FEZ.

Havana vakarasikirwa kushanda kwavo uye mitemo mitatu yapfuura:

• "Musi Special Economic Zone muna Kaliningrad munharaunda."
• "On inokosha zvoupfumi munyika dzine muna Russian Federation."
• "On inokosha zvoupfumi mapazi ari reMagadhani munharaunda."

Mashandiro pamwe nenhumbi

Sezvatakamboreva, vakasununguka tsika mapazi - imwevo nzira mukati SEZ. chengetedzo Its iri huri pamutemo Kuumbwa kwechokwadi kwaiva EurAsEC Customs Union. Import kwenhumbi kupinda yokuchengetera zvinhu zvinogoneka chete pashure mugari kupa ruzivo pamusoro pavo zvokunyora. On muganhu STZ anogona kuongorora uyere zvinhu, uyewo kutora matanho ose anodiwa kuitira vakachengeteka zvavo. Pasi Kuwanikwa chibvumirano pamusoro Implementation mabasa ari SEZ mvumo pamusoro munhu aite kubudiswa zvigadzirwa kugadzirwa, gungano kwayo, kugadzirira chokufambisa uye kutengeswa. In kuremekedzwa nhumbi anogona akaita kwema dzinosanganisira kuchinjwa varidzi kwavari.

The ukoshi nokuti nyika upfumi

Munyika dzichiri kusimukira, tsika akasununguka mapazi - kuchikonzerwa rine kukura. Inobatsira National upfumi itsva padanho kwemaindasitiri, maindasitiri, achibvumira kugadzirwa zvinhu akatengesa kwose. In dzakabudirira, Customs Code ari pokutanga kuisa pakasikwa STZ nokusimbaradza nomumwe nharaunda uye maindasitiri. Kureva, rudzi urwu runoonekwa navo senzira yokufudza upfumi.

Tsika nzira kuti "vakasununguka Tsika mapazi" mu Russia ine maitiro ayo. Kare, nyanzvi kazhinji kuzivikanwa politicized kushandiswa STZ pakukuvadza nemari yavo nenhumbi, kusawirirana uye kushaya nzira akajeka zvisikwa zvavo. Saka dzimwe nguva muRussia aigona kunyange kutaura pamusoro inokanganisa vamwe tsika isina zvikamu pamusoro pokumuka kumatunhu. zvigadzirwa Local akaratidza haakwanisi kukwikwidzana zvakachipa kupinza zvigadzirwa basa-free.

To STZ vanobatsirwa upfumi ari mamiriro kwezvivako zvinoriumba vanofanira kugadzirira, kurimwa vanokwanisa uye wepamutemo kuumbwa. Foreign netsika nzira kunoratidza kuti anofanira kuva nezvinangwa zvakajeka uye zvebasa kwoUmambo zvikamu zvakadai. Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti zvisingafungi kungatonziwo vokune dzimwe nyika mienzaniso hahuna. Conditions nezvinetso neimwe mamiriro yakasiyana, saka mapatani hadzibatsiri uye zvingatoguma kuti discrediting nezvazvo rakasikwa munhu FTZ.

matambudziko

Ongorora nyika ruzivo, mumwe zvikanganiso shoma vangazivikanwa pakasikwa STZ. Pakati pavo:

• Kushaya imwe elaboration zvakajeka zvinangwa uye zvinangwa FCZ kushanda.
• Nokusanganisa vanorumwe zveupfumi uye inivhesitimendi zvinhu.
• Kusavapo yoga hurumende simba mamiriro zvaizoita waidzora zvichiita nhumbi muimba FCZ.
• Overvalued chikero nyika pakuunganidza nokuda kwoUmambo tsika isina zvikamu.
• Kusagadzirira nguva panguva iyo nharaunda iri nani zvoupfumi kwezvivako, uye mari uye upfumi feasibility rakasikwa STZ neimwe nharaunda.

Difficult nguva iri Russian Federation

Mukuwedzera, muna Russia pane zvinetso womukati kuti kuvhiringidze anobudirira nokushanda netsika isina zvikamu kubatsira nyika. Chikuru pakati pavo ndedzinotevera:

• Muna Russian Federation haasati akasika mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka nokuda Nyanzvi dzavatorwa.
• A mukuru pamwero pangozi kana bhizimisi.
• A yakareba payback nguva, ichienzaniswa dzakabudirira.
• Kushaya inopikira Dzoka inivhesitimendi.
• Chinetso chigadzirwa kubudiswa, inova ekisipoti vaifarira.
• Va neudhadha senga Links kure kunzvimbo, izvo zvinoita zvigadzirwa kugara uncompetitive.
• Wevanotungamirira matambudziko.

Tariro Kugadzirwa nehurumende kuRussia

ruzivo International chinoratidza kuti dambudziko huru mukusika SEZ kwakarasika kusarudza nzvimbo munyika dzine, va neudhadha zvechechi kutaurirana pakati vehurumende munyaya kushanda chizivano, uye kukodzera zvinhu kwezvivako (chokufambisa, magetsi, foni). Zvinofanira kunzwisiswa kuti roga munharaunda atanga STZ kurapa musatanga kukudziridza. Social Zone Plan zvakafanira kuti govera ariega. Zvinokoshawo kuti kuderedza uwandu yaiona ematongerwo. Red tepi uye muboka revatungamiriri haana achabatsira kuti abudirire kushanda akasununguka tsika zvikamu. Chinhu chinokosha uye kuramba tichida ehurumende, sezvinoratidzwa urongwa kubatsirwa uye nguva. Nyika Tsika inoratidza kuti pakagadzwa STZ kunofanira kutungamirirwa zvinotaurwa:

• activation pamusoro Entrepreneurship;
• inivhesitimendi profitability;
• mabhizimisi makwikwi tichienzanisa nedzimwe ndima kuburikidza ano siyana uye nzira basa;
• kubatana dzebhizimisi Kutarisira uye matanho, abvume mamiriro SEZ chaidzo mamiriro ezvoupfumi;
• Kuwanikwa dzakabudirira pamutemo framework.

zvakawanikwa

Nokupfupikisa, tinogona kutaura kuti FCZ inzira inobudirira Chishandiso mari uye utsanzi itsika. nzira iyi inogona zvinobudirira kushandiswa kukura ehurumende upfumi uye pakuenzanisa wacho kumatunhu. Zvisinei, zvinokosha kuti pave nepfungwa uye inowirirana rudzi urwu. Chete ichi kana kusikwa STZ anogona kubatsira kutsiga zvoupfumi. Administrative pamutemo uye masimba ari vakasununguka tsika munyika dzine anofanira zvainanga kuunza wakaenzana kuwana kwezvivako vose nyaya, kudzivirira makwikwi, uyewo nokupa zvakanaka okunze kuti inivhesitimendi.

MuRussia, iyo inotungamirwa STZ inogona kunyatsonanga vaizotibata pamwe dzakawanda. zvikamu kwakadaro kungaita kuti kudirana wokumwe mubhizimisi, kusimbaradza zvoupfumi uye kwesayenzi rine hurumende. Zvisinei, muna Russia mune matambudziko chokuita nokushandiswa nzira iyi. Kuvabvisa zvakakodzera kuvandudzika kwezvivako, kuvandudzika pamutemo kuumbwa (danho rokutanga raiva kuitwa pakati EurAsEC Customs Union TC) uye elaboration kuti nzira kusika STZ. At chisarudzo matambudziko aya, vakasununguka tsika mapazi ringava rimwe itsva zviridzwa mamiriro wokuti zvoupfumi.