Existentialism - a chinokosha Humanism mhando

Uzivi existentialism yazova imwe yakakurumbira, vakagwinya uye vane dzenzvimbo nguva yedu. Zvinonzi kwakavakirwa antiscientism, izvo rinojekesa kuti pfungwa uzivi haasi kupindura mibvunzo yakawanda, iye anongoti ndokusvika Chipangamazano chaVa, saka zviri nguva kufamba kwaunoita murume, matambudziko ake uye upenyu.

Izvi zviri kuitika akatanga ari 20s remakore rechimakumi maviri muGermany. Pakarepo pashure peHondo Yenyika I vanhu akamuka uye akatarira nemaziso matsva pa kuvapo nomunhu, matambudziko ake. Kune nzvimbo mbiri: rechitendero uye hakuna Musiki existentialism. uzivi ichi aishora nokushandisa pfungwa pfungwa, apo chete nyaya kunyanya kukurukurwa. Existentialism vakafunga hondo kuzivikanwa.

Kwouzivi kuitika dzinenge imwe chete dzakatangira Germany, France, uye Russia, izvozvo kunosimbiswa mabasa esayenzi vazivi munyika idzodzo. Asi vokuGermany vava mapiyona, pamusoro zvinyorwa Heidegger uye Jaspers vakava existentialism French. MuGermany, warinozokwidzwa pamusoro maererano Pfungwa manyuko kududzira uye dudziro. France Aimiririrwa maviri chete dzenzvimbo: yechitendero uye hakuna Musiki. Chokutanga ndechokuti Gabriel Marcel, uye wechipiri - Camus uye Sartre.

"Existentialism - mumwe Humanism" - inozivikanwa muzivi wokuFrance Sartre kuti chinyorwa, zvinoita here kana ichi chaizvoizvo. Kana vamiririri rechitendero akaedza kutsvaka kuzoonana naMwari, kuti vayambukire yakare nevanhu vari urongwa itsva, kuti hakuna Musiki achinyanya vaiona ane zvionera unhu kunze tsika nemagariro ezvirevo. Musiki pokutungamirira kuedza kushora dzinoparadza maitiro ari pathos ane yoga murume uye Humanism.

Muna 1946, kokutanga zvakabudisa bhuku "Existentialism - mumwe Humanism" Sartre vake. Patova nemakore mazhinji, asi akanga ikazobudiswazve kakawanda, nokuti muimba svikika muchimiro rinotaura hwaro uzivi uye pfungwa nemaonero nemunyori. Pfungwa existentialism ndechokuti munhu kusurukirwa zvikuru, uye musi maererano ichi, kuva akasiyana-siyana kutya, izvo dziri ichizarurwa. Zvakaratidza kuti munhu aripo chete kuti munyika ino.

In basa rayo, Sartre akaedza kupindura mubvunzo, existentialism - ndiyo Humanism kana chimwewo chinhu, uye akataura pamusoro sei kurondedzera mumwe, dzenzvimbo idzi mbiri. Mutsindo dzinomiririra Humanism vaiona Petrarch, Dante, Boccaccio. Vakati kuti kubva mupfungwa dzevanhu anthropocentrism, dzikapfeka sezvo kukosha munhu, uye ane Humanism. The chete Kunze ndiko kuti anonyanya vanhu anopfuura simba uye kunoparadzanisa kubva pachavo.

Existentialism - a Humanism, asi chinokosha. Pano mukuru basa iri kuridzwa kwete munhu pachake, asi chinhu transtsendentiruyuschee pachavo munyika, kuedza kuzadzisa zvimwe zvinangwa uye kuzvikomo, dzichiita uye kutsvaka yakanakisisa. Existentialism inobva chete kusimba sezvo Humanism, asi zviri kuti pedyo nokuva munhu. Chinhu chikuru pano - kuzadzisa chikuru zvinobvira. Munhu wese ane chinhu chinokosha, chinangwa chikuru kuti kubudirira. Naizvozvo, tinogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti existentialism achiri Humanism.