Ethanoic acid. Physical zvivako, kugadzirira uye kushandisa

Ethanoic asidhi (rimwe zita - acetic acid) - iri chinhu Organic fuma iyo chinhu chinokosha chaizvo ichipererwa carboxylic acid. The nomukaka zviri asidhi iyi zvinonzi acetates. Pachishandiswa fuma iyi inogona kuwanikwa ethanoic iine acid methyl Ester: ethanal = + ethanoic iine acid methyl Esteri.
Physical ehupfumi ethanoic asidhi

1. ethanoic asidhi (payakavakirwa - CH3COOH) imvura pasina ruvara uye kunhuhwirira uye risingafadzi yakashapa kuravira.
2. hygroscopic. Zvikuru soluble mumvura.
3. ethanoic asidhi miscible pamwe zvokufembedzwa vakawanda. Zvakanaka soluble magasi uye inorganic yeimwe akadai HI (rehydrogen iodide), Zvakanaka hf (rehydrogen fluoride), HBr (rehydrogen bromide), HCl (hydrochloric acid) nevamwe vakawanda.
4. Pane sezvo Linear uye cyclic dimers.
5. The dielectric rusingaperi pamusoro 6,1.
6. kuvesa tembiricha iri mhepo iri 454 inegumi.
7. ethanoic asidhi siyana azeotropes pamwe kabhoni tetrachloride, benzene, cyclohexane, toluene, heptane, ethylbenzene, trichlorethylene, o-xylene, peji-xylene uye bromoforom.

Ethanoic asidhi kunogona kuwanikwa nenzira dzakawanda:

1. By oxidizing acetaldehyde pamwe okisijeni kubva mumhepo. Izvi zvinogoneka chete pamberi anowedzera - manganese acetate ari tembiricha kuti kubvira 50 kusvika 60 inegumi. The kuita sezvinotevera:

2CH3CHO (acetaldehyde) + O2 (okisijeni) = 2CH3COOH (ethanoic acid)

2. oxidative dzakashandiswa indasitiri. Kare kuti ethanoic iine acid oxidation kuti butane yaishandiswa uye acetaldehyde.

Atsetilaldegid oxidized chete pamberi manganese acetate panguva yakakwirira kumanikidzwa uye tembiricha. Zvibereko ethanoic asidhi akanga oda-mapfumbamwe nezvishanu kubva muzana.

2CH3CHO + O2 = 2CH3COOH

N-butane akanga oxidized panguva tembiricha kuti 150 kusvika 200 inegumi. Kana ichi cobalt acetate anoita se anowedzera.

2C4H10 + 5O2 = 4CH3COOH + 2H2O

Asi nokuda chinokosha kuwedzera mitengo mafuta, vaviri nzira idzi vakava maturo uye pasina nguva kuribvisa ne rikurumidze muitiro nokuda carbonylation kuti methanol.

3. CATALYTIC carbonylation pamusoro methanol - ndiyo nzira inokosha nokuda kwetunhu ethanoic acid. It kunoitika ndokunge mukana wokuti vanhu vanga:

CH3OH + CO = CH3COOH

4. Kunewo nokukanganisika kugadzirwa nzira iyo inoshandisa kukwanisa zvigare oxidize panyaya iyi. Izvi anonzi acetic chinovira. Kana ichi rinoshandiswa senzira mbishi zvinhu aqueous Ester ethyl doro kana etanolosoderzhaschie mvura (yakaviriswa facial). Izvi multi-danho yakaoma muitiro. Inogona yakarondedzerwa zvinotevera mukana wokuti vanhu vanga:
CH3CH2OH (Eteri doro) + O2 (okisijeni) = CH3COOH (ethanoic acid) + H2O
kunyoresa

- ethanoic iine acid aqueous zvinogadzirisa kushandiswa yaigadzira zvokudya, hari uye kuchengetedzwa;

- ethanoic asidhi inoshandiswa pakusika odoriferous zvinokuvadza uye zvinodhaka (acetone, acetyl);

- rinoshandiswa värjäys uye zvokudhinda;

- sezvo maitiro svikiro nokuda oxidation vamwe Organic zvinhu (rehydrogen peroxide oxidation pamusoro sulfides);

- kubva ethanoic asidhi vaviri vaviri vane risingafadzi kunzwa kwakanaka, kunogona kushandiswa pachinzvimbo amoniya.