Epitaph - nayo ... Tombstone epitaph pamusoro shongwe murume, baba, sekuru

Zvinyorwa pamusoro tombstones vakava netsika mutero kuvakafa nehama dzavo. Asi haana nguva dzose. Munguva yekare guva epitaph kupiwa tsanangudzo uyo akavigwa muguva, uye ndiani aiva akafa murume muupenyu.

The chidzoke of epitaph

Kunyange zvazvo shoko rokuti "epitaph" rine midzi rechiGiriki ( "epi" - pamusoro "tafos" - guva), Ndimi zvokutemerwa gravestones zita mushakabvu aizivikanwa vagere Egipita yekare uye Bhabhironi, uye vaJudha vekare.

Sarcophagi yakawanikwa mumakuva muIjipiti yekare, takura mashoko akakurumbira vanhu akavigwa mavari, kutanga uye anopera zita mabasa avo muupenyu. Uyewo, ivo vaigona akataura chokwadi kuti chii uye sei mufi akafa, uye ane nyevero pamusoro rufu evaya kunokanganisa madota ake.

Images uye hieroglyphs akanyorwa makuva ibwe, zvinogona kunzi pfungwa epitaphs, kunyange zvazvo munyori ari "chirangaridzo" pamusoro Genre chokutanga kuonekwa Kegosskogo Simonides, uyo immortalized ari Feat muhondo vaGiriki nevaPersia, achinyora pamusoro elegy ichi. "Nemudzungairi, takanga dzakambowanda mumvura Corinth. Asi ikozvino tine zvimwe zvatakaviga ... Saramisi; Pano isu akahwina nevaPezhiya ... uye akanunura nyika muusungwa Greece ... ". Pakutanga epitaph - munhu akataura kuvanhu pamariro, riri kutaurwa pagore chirangaridzo zuva kuna magamba rawa. Panguva kutaura izvi, akarongwa dzezvakaitwa vaGiriki, uyo akafira kusunungurwa kwavo.

Zvadaro, pane vaiva epitaph mundima iri akazivisa nomumwe kuvigwa chiratidzo chokuremekedza kuti mufi nokuda dzisinganyaradziki nehama dzake.

Development epitaph Somunyori Genre

Munguva yeMiddle Ages muEurope, akavonga chiKristu, kuvigwa akava mhando Chitendero, umo mweya wemufi yakanga yakagadzirira achichinja kubva upenyu kurufu, uye epitaph pamusoro guva akatanga kupfeka rechitendero kana youzivi hunhu.

vadetembi Vazhinji Renaissance akanyora nhetembo ari Genre iyi vairemekedzwa akafa. Paivawo tombstones uye crypts pamwe immortalized navo okuoneka mashoko. The yakakurumbira Medici pamakuva uye Dante, akashongedzwa zvivezwa kubudikidza Michelangelo, uye nhasi yakarova mbiri yayo.

Mazita vemauto makuru uye vatongi vari rinotaurwawo pamusoro dombo repaguva. Somuenzaniso, pane guva Tamerlane muna Samarkand aiva akanyorwa, "Kana ndaiva mupenyu, nyika yose yaizova tichishamisika." Mutsara pfupi izvi zvitange simba uye simba kwevanhu, iyo, kana upenyu akakunda Golden Horde uye akahwina vakawanda munyika.

Epitaph ari Russian mamiriro

MuRussia, mangwanani epitaphs ndeyemunguva remakore rechi13, apo gravestones akanyora akafa kuti zita, mhando yebasa uye mashoko kubva Gospel. Pave paya, muzana remakore rechi16, machinda vakatanga kurayira vadetembi guva nhetembo. Saka epitaph - mutsva anodzidza Genre, iro rine chairo munyori.

Somuenzaniso, dombo repaguva dombo repaguva ndima mudetembi Batiushkov mapfupi uye zvipfupi: "! Handifaniri zvisiri nekuda ibwe rangu, kungovaudza pano aiva, onei raenda"

Gare gare, achinyora epitaphs akanga bhizimisi, uye akatanga kunyora kuti vatengesi uye kirasi pakati, avo vakanga shoma kunzwisisa mabhuku Genres. Kuti achiripo, vamwe vavo, uye avo zviri zvikuru pane mafaro kupfuura ndakasuruvara: ". Ndiani abereka, kuti iri rikavakwa" Zita rokuremekedza iri asiya mwanakomana wababa vake mushakabvu.

ano epitaph

Nhasi epitaph - pfupi mashoko rinopa kusuruvara mhuri pamusoro pokurasikirwa nomudiwa. kunyora ake pamusoro dombo repaguva kana rakadhindwa mupepanhau obituary. Kazhinji ichi vanobva nhetembo kuti panguva vadetembi uye bards, kubva mafirimu mitsara, mashoko vanhu vakakurumbira.

Somunyori Genre kuti epitaph rakapotsa vakaguma kuvapo muSoviet Union. Haana vatora pamusoro pamarinda nhengo Communist Party kusiya mutsetse, kunze mazita, zita uye patronymic.

Kudzoka kuna epitaph yakaitwa zvichibvira chete pashure chitendero uye chechi vakanga zvakare kuwanikwa vanhu. On the tombstone hama kupfuura vanhu kumativi kusuwa kwake uye kuchema pamusoro pokufa munhu anodikanwa kwavari:

"Kusvikira marwadzo sokuti remakore pfupi,

Asi ndangariro dzose muri nesu,

Favorite, dzatinoda vanhu.

marwadzo edu, hatina kutaura mashoko "

mai epitaph

Kurasikirwa pedyo mudiwa kunzwa nomumwe kwavowo. Imwe kuratidzwa kutambudzika chinhu tombstone akanyorwa.

Kana amai paanofa, vana kubhadhara mutero norudo rwake kwaari, uchishandisa epitaph pamusoro shongwe amai. Zvinogona nhetembo, munyengetero, kana pfupi okuti: "Tiri kwamuri kuisa bouquet. Zvakaoma chaizvo iwe, isu, mudikamwa, kurarama pasina. "

Kushandisa epitaph, vanhu anobudisa nyika sei zvikuru nokusuruvara kwavo nokurasikirwa nomudiwa. Kudzoka Genre dzinovabvumira kugoverana nhamo yavo nevamwe. Munhu anoenda kuburikidza kumakuva, anogona kufungidzira kukosha kuchema kuti kusiya vana muchimiro ane epitaph pamusoro shongwe amai. Tsitsi zvomunyama vamwe kunobatsira vanhu kuti urarame nokurasikirwa kwavo.

epitaph murume

Just zvinorwadza kufirwa pakuriritira mhuri uye baba, saka vari kuramba kuwanikwa pamusoro pamarinda vakafa varume epitaph murume nomudzimai wake. Vazere kusuwa uye kurwadziwa, sezvo vakadzi, vakafirwa varume vavo rudo, stung nokurasikirwa:

"Pukuta misodzi uye misoro vakakotama.

Pano nhema murume ane rudo.

Apedza mazuva ake yepasi -

baba vakanaka uye shamwari yakanaka. "

Zvipfupi pamusoro dombo repaguva kuna murume mufi, anogona kushandisa udzamu zvikuru kwevanhukadzi kuchema, uyewo nhetembo, "I Love iwe, vanodada here, nguva dzose mundangariro mangu muri vapenyu."

Kana munhu akafa pakukwegura, kuti epitaph anogona kuonekwa kutaurwa nezvazvo sababa uye sekuru, "Torai nesu pakupedzisira chipo panyika, murume, baba vakanaka uye sekuru rudo kumba."

Epitaph sezvo epigram

Kunyange zvazvo rufu rwomudiwa - nayo idambudziko guru, vanhu vakawanda dzake rufu ikarapwa nepfungwa zvinosetsa uye kusava nechokwadi. Pane zviitiko apo epitaph waishandiswa sezvo vanoshambadza kana basa pane rudo: "Pano nhema Ester Rayt, iyo Mwari akadana. murume wake vasiyiwa paakanga Tomas Rayt, yakanakisisa stonemason America, nemaoko ake akaita akanyorwa uye akagadzirira kuita izvozvo nokuti $ 250. " Kudemba kurasikirwa vamwe vanogona kuva subtext mutsa, iyo ruchitedzemuka "godo" nokuda vashakabvu: ". Vaigara muchiedza makore 82 okuberekwa, 6 mwedzi, 4 Mazuva pasina yokumbozorora"

Munyika dzakasiyana anogona kusangana epitaph kana nokusetsa kana nepanomboratidza. Somuenzaniso, sezvo dzinoratidza dema humour vokuMexico: "Pano anozorora Pancrazio Huvenalis. Aiva murume wakanaka, baba vakanaka uye magetsi zvakaipa. "

Anozikamwa panguva Lukretsiya Bordzhiya, aiva mwanasikana Pope Alexander 6, aiva noukama hwapedyo baba vake uye hanzvadzi, nokuti hwakaiswa immortalized muna epitaph "Pano nhema Lukretsiya Bordzhiya -. Mwanasikana, mudzimai uye mwanasikana Alexander 6, Papa"

Epitaph Greats

Havasi vakakurumbira zvose Munokudzwa kwayo epitaph, kunyange pane vaya vakanga pachavo, kunyora mashoko, vakazochinja akava mapapiro.

Somuenzaniso, mune guva Winston Churchill raMwari rakanyorwa inotevera okuti: "Ini ndakagadzirira kusangana noMusiki. Asi kana Musiki aiva nguva yokugadzirira musangano neni - ndiyo mubvunzo ".

Mukurumbira musayendisiti Ampere akarayira kuti guva rake raiva rakanyorwa "pakupedzisira kufara." Ndizvo sei kuongororwa hwake uye rufu.

Kuverenga mashoko pamusoro makuva nevamwe vanhu, vanhu vanoda kuti vasiyana upenyu uye rufu munhu pedyo, saka epitaph - rudzi chivimbiso kubva nyika kwenyika mupenyu vakafa. Vanhu vachiri kusuruvara, tsitsi uye asingakanganwiki zvirevo.