Environmental zvinhu nezvazvinoreva zvipenyu

Abiotic zvinhu zvakatipoteredza pakutsvaga okunze uyewo ivhu uye mvura.

kupatsanura

Kune classifications wandei abiotic zvinhu. Chimwe chezvinhu mukurumbira rinokamukana vave zvinoriumba izvi:

• panyama zvinhu (chiedza, tembiricha, barometric kufurirwa, mwando);
• kwemakemikari zvinhu (mumhepo sezvamunoita, zvicherwa uye makemikari nyaya muvhu, ph ivhu, etc.)
• zvemaziso zvinhu (mhepo, Madhaka, mvura kufamba, uye ivhu, Nzvimbo, etc.).

Abiotic kwezvakatipoteredza zvinhu yekudyidzana kukanganisa kuparadzira kwemarudzi uye kuziva dzinogarisana, i.e. nenzvimbo nharaunda, inova nzvimbo ezvinhu zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana.

tembiricha

Kunyanya kukosha anopiwa tembiricha, sezvo chinhu chinokosha zvinoriumba. Zvichienderana tembiricha, abiotic kwezvakatipoteredza zvikonzero zvakasiyana chafariz zvikamu, iro chokuita noupenyu zvipenyu zvakasikwa. Izvi - chando, unozvidzora, dzinopisa uye subtropical zvikamu. The tembiricha iri akanakira upenyu zvipenyu anonzi Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri. Anenge zvose zvinenge vanokwanisa kurarama siyana kubva 0 ° - 50 ° C.

Zvichienderana mano zvipenyu kuvapo akasiyana tembiricha ezvinhu, vari semhosva:

• eurythermic zvinenge dzakashandisa mamiriro ezvinhu nokukurumidza tembiricha nokufamba;
• stenothermal zvinenge zviripo rakamanikana tembiricha siyana.

Eurythermic kuwana zvipenyu kurarama vainyanya apo Continental okunze rikunde. Utachiona uhwu vanokwanisa kumira zvakasimba tembiricha nokufamba (Diptera mazana, mabhakitiriya, algae, nehonye). Vamwe eurythermal zvinenge vangapinda ezvinhu kuhwanda, kana "makasimba" tembiricha chinhu. Muviri vagumirwe iri yekudyidzana wakaderedzwa (mbira, mabheya, et unto.).

Stenothermal zvinenge inogona zvose pakati miti nemhuka. Somuenzaniso, mhuka dzakawanda zvomumvura vachapona pa kutonhora 30 ° C.

Mhuka vakakamurwa mano avo kuramba yavo tembiricha murau, kureva, kugara muviri tembiricha, panguva unonzi poikilothermic uye homeothermic. Aimbova anogona kuchinja tembiricha kwayo, apo nzvimbo yechipiri, nguva dzose kuramba. mhuka yose uye dzimwe shiri imhuka homeothermic. To poikilothermic zvinosanganisira zvinenge zvose kunze vamwe eshiri uye mhuka. tembiricha muviri vari pedyo ambient tembiricha. Pane dzidziso remhuka, kuva homoiothermal, akachinja kuzvidzivirira kubva nechando (kuhwanda, kutama, mbava, etc.).

chiedza

Abiotic kwezvakatipoteredza zvinhu - ndiwo chiedza yayo zvikuru. kukosha kwayo pane kunyanya kukuru photosynthesizing zvinomera. Nenhanho photosynthesis kunokanganisa kusimba kwakaita zuva mwaranzi, ari Qualitative Kuronga chiedza, nguva kuparadzirwa chiedza. Zvisinei, anozivikanwa utachiona uye hunokuvadza zvinogona bereka nguva refu murima. Plants vari rakakamurwa chiedza-rudo, teplovynoslivye nokupisa-rudo.

Nokuti vazhinji nemhuka zvinokosha zuva urefu, hunobata kurara nerevane nokuwedzera nayo munguva yakareba mazuva, uye unomanikidza pamwe pfupi photoperiod (matsutso kana chando).

unyoro

Humidity chinhu chisinganzwisisiki chinokonzera uye unomiririra huwandu mvura mhute mudenga uye mvura iri muvhu. Mwando pamwero kunoenderana upenyu hunotarisira masero, uye ukuwo, uye muviri wose. On hwevhu kunechekuita kunonaya, mvura kudzika panowanikwa muvhu uye zvimwe zvirwere. Mwando runodikanwa Kuparadzwa zvicherwa.

Abiotic zvinhu mvura ezvinhu

Chemical Zvinhu hazvisi vakaderera kukosha chaiko zvinhu. Big basa ndohwaJehovha gasi anoumba chadenga, uyewo Kuronga aqueous svikiro. Anenge zvose zvinenge vanoda okisijeni, uye zvimwe zvinenge - senitrogen, rehydrogen sulphide uye methane.

Physical abiotic zvikonzero kwezvakatipoteredza ndiyo chikamu gasi, riri zvikuru kune vaya vari kurarama zvisikwa kuti vagere hwemvura kwezvakatipoteredza. In mvura yeGungwa Dema Somuenzaniso, vakawanda rehydrogen sulfide, riri sei dziva riri kuonekwa kwete chaizvo akanakira zvinenge zvakawanda. Salinity - chinokosha pakuderedza pamusoro hwemvura kwezvakatipoteredza. hwemvura mhuka Most kugara mumvura munyu, vashoma - mumvura yakachena, uye kunyange shoma - mune zvishoma brackish mvura. The kuparadzirwa uye kubereka zvipfuwo hwemvura sei kukwanisa kuramba munyu Kuronga womukati kwezvakatipoteredza.