Technopark - sangano ... Nhoroondo technopark

Nhoroondo maindasitiri mumapaki kwakatanga mashanu remakore rapfuura. Panguva ino, Stanford University, iri rehurumende California (USA), kwakasarudzwa kuzvipira nzvimbo uye tsva nyika kurenda. The chibvumirano iri vakagumisa pamwe nemasangano akasiyana. Vaiva makambani makuru uye yemakambani duku vaiita yepamusorosoro bhizimisi.

Vose Masangano aya panguva yokuti hurumende zvibvumirano. Small Kugadzirwa yakataurwa zvakananga kuonana kuyunivhesiti. Izvi akabatsirwa, uye mumwe kana rimwe divi. Somugumisiro, Yakaumbwa nzanga kuti zvishoma akazozivikanwa sezvo nesilicon Valley.

Humwe Implementation nechirongwa

Kuti zvakazara kuvaka shama ndima uye debug zvinokosha kwezvivako, zvakatorera anenge matatu. Yakanga pokugadzwa Technopark rokutanga. Nesilicon Valley rava kuzivikanwa pasi pose nokuda kwayo kuita mu yepamusorosoro Mazinga. Kunyanya yakatanga pano sezvo kombiyuta uye ruzivo rwokugadzira.

yemakambani Small, kusanganisira vashandi vayo vashandi vaviri kana vatatu, akakura nokukurumidza, kuva pamwe hapana chimwe chiuru vashandi. Muna 1981, makambani anopfuura masere tichishanda mundima, apo ichi maindasitiri paki. Izvi Hofori zvakadai Polaroid uye Hewlett-Packard, mashoko Aerospace kambani "Lockheed" uye nevamwe vatungamiriri indasitiri.

Tiine 80-ies muna US maindasitiri mumapaki akatanga kuonekwa vazhinji. Dzinoita kuti pave kukura iwayo nzvimbo iyo zvaiyananiswa kwemabasa uye zvoupfumi kudzikira. Uye nhasi muUnited States ine kupfuura kuwanda maindasitiri uye zvesayenzi munzvimbo. In nhamba, ivo pamusana chete muzvitatu nhamba yenyika.

The kwaita zvigadzirwa mumapaki mu Europe

pfungwa huru pavakayambukira pamusoro penyanza iri 70s remakore rapfuura. Zvaive munguva iyi apo Scottish University of Edinburgh Research Center yakatanga. Masangano Similar akatanga kukudziridza kuCambridge pana Trinity College, muBelgium pana Louvain-la-Neuve uye zvichingodaro. D. Tehnoparkovyh kufamba mu Europe akanatsiridzwa kwazvo nokuda dambudziko mumakore 80. Yakanga, kuitira kubatsira rakabvongodzwa nzvimbo marasha uye Whitehead Textile maindasitiri, Margaret Thatcher akarayira pakusikwa UK munhu richikurukura maindasitiri zvikamu zviri huripo kumayunivhesiti. Pfungwa iyi zvakabudirira. Uye nhasi mu England akabudirira vanenge makumi mashanu technoparks. Kune vamwe dzimwe nyika dzokuEurope. Mundima yayo idzodzo zvakadai pamusoro 260.

European Michina mumapaki, kusanganisira vakasiyana utsanzi nzvimbo zviuru zviviri, kushandiswa kwaro kukura mhiri kwemakungwa ruzivo. Izvi akavabvumira kuenda kubudikidza mapfupi nzira inotungamirwa. "Business mazai chenguva duku" munguva pfupi nguva akava akakurumbira zvikuru. mabasa avo anoshandiswa nemakambani duku uye private nemakambani, uyewo kurongwa nevoruzhinji bhora. Rei iri kuridzwa ne maindasitiri paka? Raiva kubatana pakati bhizimisi uye pakutsvakurudza munda.

Technopark mufambo mu China

American ruzivo mukusika rakasiyana nemamwe maindasitiri munyika dzine yatorwa pamusoro ne China. In munda uyu, nyika yabudirira hunoshamisa kubudirira Akakwezva zvenyika munharaunda. The nokukurumidza Kugadzirwa yepamusorosoro Mazinga mu China rwakakwaniswa kuburikidza kutora mukana ari mamiriro.

Nechekare mukuvamba 1986 hurumende yakabvuma purogiramu kukura zvesainzi. Mairi, avo pakutanga sectors kunge kuzivikanwa, izvo zvinofanira kusanganisira maindasitiri paki. Space Center, kombiyuta sainzi uye zvemagetsi, hwokushandura zvinhu zvipenyu uye kuvabereki engineering, internet optic ei, uye simba-kuponesa ruzivo kuti chirongwa aifanira kuiswa munzvimbo iyi. Uyezve, akanga akaronga kuti maindasitiri nokutsvakurudza nzvimbo kuchasanganisira kugadzirwa pokugadzwa yezvokurapa michina.

Help hurumende

Makore maviri gare gare yakatanga chirongwa inonzi "tochi", iro raiva danho rinotevera racho, maererano iyo aifanira kuvaka maindasitiri paki. Yaiva imwe Mutongo hurumende, chinangwa rakanga kuna commercialization uye kwemaindasitiri mberi kare kubudirira pakasikwa ruzivo sayenzi-nyanyisa. Chirongwa "tochi" vaivapowo kugadzirwa vanokwanisa, mari iyo vakapfuura $ 25 bhiriyoni.

Pakutevedzera chirongwa ichi, zvakadai technopark mapazi, izvo kuwedzera kukura michina mitsva uye kukurudzira avo zvinhu kumba uye ekisipoti pamisika, wakapata chihombe basa kukwezva yokumwe mubhizimisi uye mazhinji zviitiko zvakasikwa.

China yokutanga maindasitiri paka - ari Beijing experimental mapazi, riri muruwa Haydan. Kubvira buri raro, yakaitirwa 1988, nyika akasika 120 muzvikamu yakadaro. Muchiitiko chino, makumi mashanu muzana vavo vari kushanda Implementation kuti mitemo yehurumende.

The Chinese hurumende yave aiva rubatsiro chaizvo mukusika kwemichina mumapaka. Uye akataura kwete chete yakawanda upfumi zvemari. At hurumende pamwero zvakatangwa uye zvakanaka mabhizimisi mamiriro munzvimbo idzi. rutapudzo ichi kana dzisashande kwokuripirwa mari mutero wavanobhadhara mu basa okuvaka guta uyewo mukana basa isina panopindwa kupinza michina.

Movement Nyika technopark

Mune eighties remakore rapfuura pfungwa pakusika nesayenzi uye maindasitiri dzine huri kuwedzera. Industrial mumapaki dzakatangwa kwete chete zvemari dzakabudirira. kuvaka kwavo kwakatanga muna Australia uye Singapore, India, Malaysia, Brazil uye Canada, uyewo mune dzimwe inoti zhinji.

Tanga kuti kuvakwa technoparks muRussia

The kusikwa maindasitiri uye kwesayenzi zvikamu munyika yedu mubasa 80s-90s. Zvakanga nguva zvakaoma, kana ari pekufa dambudziko ehurumende Haasisina mari bhizimisi uye akashandisa sayenzi. Mumwe mukana kuchengeta mudonzvo anokwanisa aiva nepfungwa pave vematunhu, izvo zvinofanira kuiswa Technopark. Center Ras dzokuTomsk, Russian Ministry Yepamusoro Education, State Committee musi Education, uyewo emakambani makuru vava vakatanga pakati rokutanga idzodzo izvi. Ichi maindasitiri paka ndiyo pachena pfuma.

Gare gare chakaitika nadzurudzo. Technopark akava JSC. Panguva iyoyowo mugove wehurumende varidzi aregedza 3% muna mvumo mari.

The post-Soviet nguva

Young technoparks Russian nematambudziko makuru. Vanobatwawo kushaya ruzivo management ari achinja zvoupfumi ezvinhu. Mumakore aya maindasitiri uye kwesayenzi nzvimbo hatina kukwanisa kuita budiriro pakasikwa michina mitsva. Yaiva nguva apo pamberi chero zvebhizimisi basa raiva kurarama zvokutanga. Technoparks mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro vaionekwa se kumasangano kuwana mamiriro rutsigiro.

paiva purogiramu Bazi Economy "Technology mumapaki yeRussia" muna 1990. Yakanga yakagadzirirwa kwemakore mashanu. Zvisinei, mari nokuda chirongwa ichi havabvumirwi kutenga zvinhu uye kuronga zvose zvakafanira kwezvivako. The dzinounzwa mari, vamwe mumayunivhesiti zvakagadzira zvokutenga basa, yaiva kure nesayenzi.

Uyezve basa mamiriro

"Technopark" Association yakatangwa makore iwayo. Asati wake basa raiva kudzidza uye kwadzakabva nyika dzakawanda zvakaitika kuti mamiriro Russian. Uyezve, kuti Association aifanira kuitisa anoparadzirwa zvisikwa uye basa kwesayenzi mumapaki, sezvo anobudirira link kutsigira uye kukura duku itsva mabhizimisi.

In basa iri, hurumende yeRussia haisi zvinhu chete, asiwo kubatsira pamutemo. Zvisinei, zvakanga zvava kuita sokuti chero mutero incentives havafaniri kushandisa unyanzvi Park. Production zvakafanira kuita pasi chete ezvinhu dzakatangwa munyika. Rakanga vaifungidzira kuti munzvimbo dzakadaro kutendeuka zvimwe nyore kupinda munyika pemvura apo ndeizvi vakaratidza.

Pakazosvika pakati pezana remakore 90 kuti chirongwa "Technopark" mu Russia raramba vawane tichimhanya. Kuwanda zvikamu zvakadai yakura. zvisikwa zvavo vakatora nzvimbo pahwaro pakutsvakurudza nzvimbo kuva hurumende. Zvisinei, paiva nevamwe kuparadzana kukura pakati pemapoka aya. The zvemberi ndicho mumapaki nesayenzi dzokuTomsk uye Moscow, St. Petersburg uye Zelenograd, Chernogolovka uye Ufa.

Technopark muna Saransk

Kubva pane zvakaitika munyika dzakawanda, tinogona kutaura kuti maindasitiri paka - chinokosha zvoupfumi mapazi ane kukurumidza kukura yakakwirira Michina indasitiri. Ndokusaka zviumbu yakadaro pasi chaiyo kudzora hurumende, basa dzichiri vavo kwave wakasiyiwa President of Russian Federation Vladimir Putin muna 2005 Pashure pemakore mashanu yakapedzwa kukura ane yeUnited chirongwa yokukudziridza reRussia maindasitiri uye kwesayenzi nzvimbo mumunda mukuru ruzivo. To musi, nyika yedu chakavhura gumi technoparks. Kuchitaura kuti muna December 2014 ari Implementation ari yeUnited chirongwa rapera zvakazara. Zvinotarisirwa kuti budgetary chokupika zvose zvigadzirwa mumapaki vachava mukati 55%. Muchiitiko chino, vachava kusunungura dzinenge 12% kuti ekisipoti zvigadzirwa.

Another purojekiti

Mumwe vanovengwa yeUnited chirongwa yakanga kunzwisisa "Technopark pakati Mordovia". kuvaka Its chakatangwa mushure kusaina ari hurongwa kubudikidza Putin, rakabudiswa 12.09.2008, zvachose nzvimbo nemamiriro anenge 6,000 sq.m. On Ndima yayo muri riri makambani kusimukira software, uyewo masangano avo, basa riri chokuita nemashoko zvakatipoteredza uye pakusikwa Databases nemhaka michina ano.

Pakazopera 2014 ari kunzwisisa "Technopark pamusoro Mordovia" kwakatangwa rechipiri danho. Pari, nharaunda yose mashandiro mapazi kubudirira rimwe mashanu mugari boka, ichipa 1634 mabasa. The kwemari zvachose pagore Technopark - mabhiriyoni 1 rubles ..

Technopark muna Togliatti

The Kudeuka nesayenzi uye mumaindasitiri mapazi weRussia ari Valley Zhiguli. Ichi maindasitiri park, akavaka pedo neguta Togliatti. Nzvimbo yacho mapazi ose 65,000 ba. M chikuru mirayiridzo yacho technopark "Zhiguli mupata." - foni uye ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, simba okuponesa uye simba kunyatsoshanda, zvekufambisa, makemikari, uyewo kuitika mumunda nzvimbo kudziongorora.

Parizvino, pane 22 makambani, uwandu izvo mune ramangwana anofanira kukura kusvika kumazana.