Encoding - ichi ... chiratidzo gadziriro: ruzivo Coding

Coding mashoko - chinhu chinopa akasiyana munda zivo. Chokwadi, zviri chokuita zvakananga kukura digitaalinen rwokugadzira. Zvikoro zvakawanda ano ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa topic - yeEncoding ruzivo. Nhasi tichadzidza inokosha dudziro Fani iyi toreva tsaukana makombiyuta. Tichaedza kupindura mubvunzo: "? Encoding - muitiro, nzira, chombo kana zvose izvi kamwechete"

Kwemagandanga Achishandisa Kombiyuta

Chero mhando date kuti unoratidzwa pakombiyuta, imwe nzira kana imwe vanomiririra binary remitemo rine Kwemagandanga Achishandisa Kombiyuta. Ndicho nyore, "yakaderera-pamwero" nzira encrypt data, izvo rinobvumira PC kuti dzinoona mashoko. Binary remitemo iri inoshanda: zvinonzwisiswa nevanhu vose, pasina chaakasiya makombiyuta (chaizvoizvo, kuti ndicho chikonzero akasikwa - kuti fananidza kushandisa mashoko ari digitaalinen chimiro).

Mujinga Unit, iro rinoshandisa imwe binary yeEncoding - zviri zvishoma (kubva pamashoko "binary digit" - "kaviri-digit"). It akaenzana kana 0 kana 1. Kazhinji, mumwe nematomhu kwete kushandiswa uye kubatanidzwa mune imwe 8-digit kutevedzana - bytes. In nomumwe wavo, saka, unogona ane kusvika 256 mubatanidzwa Kwemagandanga Achishandisa Kombiyuta (2 kusvika rechi8 simba). Pakunyora zvinokosha yakawanda mashoko anoshandiswa, kazhinji haana voga BYTES, uye mutengo hombe - ne prefixes "churu", "Mega" "giga", "Tera", nezvimwewo, mumwe nomumwe riri 1,000 nguva kupfuura yapfuura .. .

Encoding chinyorwa

Vakawanda mhando digitaalinen date - rugwaro. Sei Coding? Zviri nyore zvakakwana explainable muitiro. Tsamba, nyora mucherechedzo, nhamba kana sezviratidzo zvinogona encoded mumwe kana kupfuura BYTES, kureva, kombiyuta anoona kwavari somunhu rakasiyana kutevedzana kwezviitiko Kwemagandanga Achishandisa Kombiyuta, uye ipapo, maererano vakaisa pasi vasabatwa algorithm unoratidzwa. Pane vaviri zvikuru nyika mureza "encryption" kombiyuta rugwaro - ASCII uye UNICODE.

The ASCII Hurongwa, mumwe nemumwe ari encoded ne chete chete byte. Kuti, pamureza ichi, unogona 'encrypt "kusvika 256 vatambi - ndicho zvinopfuura zvakakwana kuratidza zviratidzo ruzhinji munyika bumbiro. Chokwadi, zvose zviripo National tsamba hurongwa nhasi hakukodzeri kupinda iri riwedzere. Naizvozvo, nokuti arufabheti nerimwe akasika "subsystem" encryption vayo. Kuenda encode mashoko uchishandisa chiratidzo hurongwa, dzakashandisa National mimwe kunyora. Zvisinei, mumwe nomumwe ava hurongwa, akavapindurawo, chikamu yose ASCII mureza wokurera pose.

Sezvo chikamu ASCII ino, ichi ndicho chinogona kubva 256 vatambi iri muzvikamu zviviri. Yokutanga 128 - ndivo zviratidzo akachengeterwa Chirungu arufabheti (a kuburikidza z), uyewo nhamba, chikuru nyora mavanga uye dzimwe vatambi. Wechipiri 128 bytes zvakachengeterwa, uyewo, pasi National tsamba hurongwa. Ndiyo "Sub-yezvinhu" nokuti vaisava Chirungu bumbiro - Russian, Hindi, Arabic, Japanese, Chinese uye vamwe vakawanda.

Mumwe nomumwe wavo anomiririrwa muchimiro yoga Coding matafura. Kureva, kunogona kuitika (uye kazhinji zvinoitika), saka kuti zvakafanana kutevedzana kwezviitiko matomu vachava nemhosva tsamba uye nezviratidzo vakaparadzana 'National' matafura maviri akasiyana. Uyezve, nokuda peculiarities ari kukura IT-bhora munyika dzakasiyana, kunyange zvakasiyana. Somuenzaniso, nokuti mutauro Russian rakajairika maviri Coding hurongwa: Windows-1251 uye Koi-8. First akauya Kwapera (uyewo wake nomuimbirwo pamwe uchishandisa maitiro), asi zvino vazhinji IT-Nyanzvi kushandiswa iri panzvimbo yokutanga hwaro. Saka, kombiyuta kuti inogona anosimbiswa kuverenga Russian chinyorwa vanofanira kukwanisa nemazvo kuona zvose pamatafura. Asi somunhu mutemo, hapana matambudziko nayo (kana zvakafanira ano PC uchishandisa hurongwa).

Text Encoding Nzira kuvandudza dzose nguva. Kuwedzera "chete-byte" ASCII hurongwa kuti anogona kugadzirisa tsika 256 chete nokuda vatambi, kunewo "kaviri byte" ari UNICODE hurongwa. Zviri nyore kuverenga kuti rinobvumira chinyorwa yeEncoding mune mari yakaenzana 2 rechi16 dhigirii, kureva 65 zviuru. 536. In payo, uyewo, vane zvinhu panguva encode anongoda zvose huripo bumbiro emarudzi zvenyika. Kushandisa UNICODE haasi ishoma pane nezvokupindira ari "chaiwo" ASCII mureza.

Coding machati

Tava rinotsanangurwa kuti "encrypted" chinyorwa uye ichi kana kushandiswa bytes. Sezvakaita pamwe digitaalinen mapikicha uye zvifananidzo? Uyewo nyore. Saizvozvowo sezvo zvinoitika pamwe acho, chikuru basa Coding kombiyuta Graphics kutamba zvose zvakafanana bytes.

Muitiro digitaalinen kuri zvavo akafanana zvigadziriswe kuburikidza iyo anomanyira TV. PaTV, kana tikatarisa, mufananidzo rine muzvizhinji nomunhu pixels kuti pamwe kuumba kucherechedzwa chimiro nechokure ziso. Terevhizheni chizvaro (kana CRT purojekita) ari wokutepfenyurisa anogamuchira chinjikira uye kutwasuka Coordonatele nechimwe pfungwa uye mufananidzo zvishoma nezvishoma asingavaki. Computer Graphics Coding musimboti anoshanda saizvozvo. "Encryption" bytes mifananidzo inobva basa nechimwe chidzitiro Dots zvinoenderana Coordonatele (uye ruvara neimwe). It nyore. Chokwadi, Graphics Coding - izvi ndiyo yakaoma kunzwisisa zvikuru kupfuura imwe ndima.

Nzira dzakasiyana bhuku batanidza pfungwa uye ruvara parameters anonzi "bitmap". Saizvozvowo, mazita akawanda faira zvinogona kombiyuta Graphics. The Coordinates mumwe nomumwe pixels vavo ruvara wakanyorwa mumwe kana kupfuura bytes. Chii chinoratidza kuti nhamba? Kunonyanya kuti rinoreva zvakawanda ruvara vachava "encrypt". Mumwe byte zvinozivikanwa - iri 256 tsika. Kana tine mifananidzo kuvaka vakawanda noruvara dzakadaro zvakakwana - tichava kushandisa iri riwedzere. Zvikurukuru, kwedu nhaka kungava 256 noruvara vachena. Uye ichi chichava zvakakwana encode mifananidzo-chena dema-uye chero. Uyewo, ruvara mifananidzo zvekuvaka hakuna kukwana: ziso munhu, sezvo muchiziva, anokwanisa kusiyanisa kuti zvakawanda makumi emamiriyoni mavara. Naizvozvo inoda "chimbichimbi" harisi 256 tsika, uye mazana ezviuru nguva yakawanda. Sei kusashanda kuti encode pfungwa hakuna byte, asi akawanda: nhasi pamusoro huripo zvinodiwa, pane zvinogona 16 (anogona "encrypt" 65 K 536 mavara.) Kana 24 (777 zviuru mamiriyoni 16 216 kwerima guru.).

Kusiyana chinyorwa mitemo, mashoko akasiyana-siyana iri akafanana nokuwanda mitauro munyika, pamwe mifananidzo zvinhu zvishoma nyore. The inonyanya faira zvinogona (akadai jpeg, PNG, BMP, GIF, uye zvichingodaro. D.) Uri kuzivikanwa pamakombiyuta vakawanda kazhinji zvakafanana zvakanaka.

Hapana kumbooma kuti kunzwisisa Coding rinoitwa vamwe nenheyo mashoko kwakajeka. Grade 9 Russian chikoro chero paavhareji inowanzoratidza makosi mu kombiyuta zvesayenzi, apo michina yakadaro kutaurwa nezvedzinza yakareruka uye mutauro zvinonzwisisika. Kunewo unyanzvi zvirongwa vakuru - ndivo kuronga kumayunivhesiti, muzvikoro, kana chikoro.

Saka, murume ano Russian ndiko kuwana ruzivo pamusoro Codes kuti vane mazano kukosha tichitarisa kombiyuta Graphics. Uye kana uchida uzive pamwe nezivo, unogona kuwana iripo pakudzidzisa zvinhu. Kune vaya zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, chitsauko "Coding mashoko hwakajeka (9th bhuku giredhi" Informatics uye ICT "authored Ugrinovich ND).

Coding dzemakaseti okuteerera mashoko

Computer aiwanzotaura kuti mimhanzi uye dzimwe okuteerera. Just sezvakaita pamwe rugwaro uye Graphics, chero kurira pamusoro PC yako - zvose zvakafanana bytes. Ivowo, "decrypted" Audio kadhi nezvimwe chips dzikwanise anzwike inzwi. The musimboti pano riri pamusoro zvakafanana kuna gramophone kwamahwendefa. Vanozivikanwa kuti inzwi rimwe rinoenderana nemaziso grooves pamusoro mapurasitiki, izvo kuzivikanwa muverengi, uye ipapo vataura. In kombiyuta nezviso zvose kufanana. ari grooves chete nezvaanoita bytes zvakasikwa iyo, sezvo iri nyaya rwezuva uye zvifananidzo, ndiye binary Coding.

Kana nyaya yacho kombiyuta mufananidzo chikwata chaikosha makabuda pfungwa, kana kurira kurekodha iri vanonzi "verenga". Vazhinji ushandiswe bytes maviri, generating kusvika 65 zviuru. 536 microvibrations kurira. Zvisinei, kusiyana kuti, sezvo rinowanikwa pakuvaka mifananidzo kuti kuvandudza ruzha rinoitwa haana kuwedzera mamwe bytes (pane, pachena, uye kupfuura zvakakwana), uye kuwedzera "Counts". Kunyange zvazvo mune dzimwe makaseti gadziriro BYTES rinoshandiswa zvishoma uye zvakawanda. Kana Audio yeEncoding rinoitwa, mureza chairema byte "nekubudisa" anoita mumwe wechipiri. Microvibrations i.e., encrypted kushandisa 8 fung. Sechinokosha por wechipiri, achange pachena kuva akaderera uhwu pane ruzha kutevedzana encoded ne 44 zviuru. "Kukosha".

International Standardization pamusoro okuteerera, uyewo nyaya Graphics, kunokudziridzwa zvakanaka. Kune akawanda mwero zvinogona dzemakaseti okuteerera nhau - MP3, wav, WMA, vakanakidzwa rose.

Video Encoding

A mhando "vakaberekwa urongwa", umo kurira unobatanidzwa pamwe encryption Coding zvifananidzo, anoshandiswa mavhidhiyo kombiyuta. Kazhinji mafirimu uye clip ine mhando mbiri date - pachayo kuridzwa uye muchiridzira vhidhiyo. Se "encrypted" wokutanga zvinoriumba, hatina kuudzwa apa. Chechipiri zvishoma yakaoma. Mazano pano yakasiyana unosanganisira graphical Coding inokurukurwa pamusoro. Asi nemhaka yose sezvakaita iri "pfungwa" pakati bytes ndiwo zvigadziriswe rakanyatsojeka anonzwisisika uye musoro.

Yeuka kuti vavake firimu. Hazvina kupfuura akatevedzana nomumwe mapuranga (izvo kazhinji 24). Zvikuru saizvozvo akaronga mavhidhiyo kombiyuta. pepuranga rimwe nerimwe - mufananidzo. About sei iri kuvakwa tichibatsirwa BYTES, hatina vanozivikanwa pamusoro. Uyewo, aripo vhidhiyo reMitemo yakajeka nharaunda, vachibvumira kunyorerana pakati munhu mapuranga. A mhando digitaalinen kutsiva firimu. A yoga chairema vhidhiyo yorwizi (chete pfungwa mifananidzo uye hazvibatsiri ruzha, sapamazuva "firimu" uye firimu clip youduku), pamatanda anoonekwa. The wokupedzisira wechipiri, maererano akagamuchira mitemo, kungava 25 kana 50.

Sezvazvakanga zvakaita ekuteerera, pane zvakafanana dzomunyika zvaanoda Video - MP4, 3GP, AVI. Vanoburitsa mafirimu uye zvokushambadza vanoedza kubereka vezvenhau ivhu kuti inowirirana mukuru nhamba makombiyuta. Izvi faira zvinogona - pakati zvikuru nevanhu, vakazarura pamusoro anenge PC chero ano.

date compression

Computer date okuchengetera rinoitwa dzakasiyana-siyana nhau - disks, nokupenya Zvifambiso, etc. Sezvatataura pamusoro apa, BYTES, somunhu mutemo, "vashoma" prefixes "Mega", "giga", "Tera", etc. Mune zvimwe zviitiko .... ukoshi encoded mafaira ndechokuti kuaisa pamwe zvinhu zvinowanikwa havagoni kuva pamusoro Disc. Zvadaro shandisa-siyana mashoko compression nzira. Ndivo, Chokwadi, ariwo Coding. Uyu - kumwezve kududzirwa izwi.

Pane zvinhu zviviri zvikuru zvigadziriswe date compression. Musi wokutanga wavo akanyorwa zvishoma kutevedzana "yakazara" chimiro. Kureva kombiyuta havagoni kuverenga zviri mafaira (kutamba rive wenyaya, mufananidzo kana mavhidhiyo), kana musingadi kuita nzira yo "kubudisa". Chirongwa, izvo anorumanya humboo nenzira iyi inonzi date Logger. Akunoita zviri nyore. Archiving Data somumwe zvikuru nevanhu nzira idzo kuti pave Coding ruzivo, zvidzidzo kuchikoro-ichasimudzirwa kombiyuta zvairayirwa.

Sezvatinoziva, muitiro "Encryption" iri kwezvipimo faira bytes. Tora ASCII mureza. To, muti, kuti encrypt shoko "kwaziwai", tinoda 6 BYTES, kwakavakirwa nhamba mabhii. Ndizvo zvakadini nzvimbo faira pamwe rugwaro achatora pamusoro Disc. Chii chinoitika kana tinonyora shoko "mhoro" ka100 pamusara? Hapana chinokosha - nokuti ichi tinoda bytes 600 ukuwo, zvakafanana dhisiki nzvimbo. Zvisinei, tinogona kushandisa mashoko Logger, izvo achasika faira, izvo zvinoreva nhamba duku zvikuru kuti bytes vachapiwa "encrypted" chikwata kuti anotarisa chinhu chakadai: "Kwaziwai muwande ne 100". By Anoverenga tsamba kwomushumo ichi vakasvika pakugumisa kuti kuti anyore faira yakadaro, tinoda bytes 19 chete. Uye zvakafanana dhisiki nzvimbo. Apo "kubudisa" ari Archive faira iri "Decryption", uye mashoko anova panobva maonero kubva "100 kwaziwai." Saka, achishandisa purogiramu inokosha, iyo inoshandisa chaiwo Coding mashandiro, tinogona kuponesa kuchikosha yakawanda dhisiki nzvimbo.

The pamusoro muitiro anokwanisa kuita zvinhu zvizhinji zvakakwana: pasinei chiratidzo mugadziriro kushandiswa, Coding ruzivo nechinangwa compression anogara zvinogoneka kuburikidza date archiving.

Chii mashandiro yechipiri? Kusvika pamwero wakati, zviri zvakafanana chii rinoshandiswa date Logger. Asi musiyano wayo inokosha ndeyokuti compressed faira aigona chaizvo zvakanaka kuoneka kombiyuta pasina "dzokubudisa" nzira. sei mashandiro ichi basa?

Sezvatinoita rangarira, chepakutanga muchimiro shoko "kwaziwai" anopindura 6 bytes. Zvisinei, tinogona kuenda wemanomano uzvinyore sezvizvi: "prvt". Rakabudiswa 4 bytes. All uripo kuita - ndiko kuti "kudzidzisa" kombiyuta kuwedzera mune muitiro kuratidza tsamba faira, izvo isu kucheneswa. Zvinofanira akati kuti muitiro "kudzidza" muitiro kuronga uye haisi zvakakodzera. Basic zvigadziriswe pakati kuziva zvisipo vatambi vari achitaurwa nevanopinda-software kupfuura ano kuti PC. Ndiko, unorema kubva mafaira nako isu kubata zuva, nzira imwe neimwe kana mumwe asina "encrypted" riri algorithm ichi.

Chokwadi, pane "chemasanganiswa" Coding hurongwa ruzivo, izvo zvinogona kuita mashoko compression apo kugonesa zvose pamusoro pedyo. Uye vanowanzova kuva kunyange zvikuru panyaya rokuponesa dhisiki nzvimbo pane mumwe nomumwe.

Zvechokwadi, kushanda pamwe shoko "kwaziwai", takabva chete mirayiridzo inokosha date compression zvigadziriswe. Chokwadi ndechokuti vane zvikuru kunzwisisa. Siyana mugadziriro yeEncoding mashoko anogona kupa zvigadziriswe chinopa kunzwisisa kuti "compression" mafaira. Zvisinei, tinoona, tichiregeredza chii chingaitwa kuponesa dhisiki nzvimbo, anenge asina kushandisa imwe Kushatiswa unhu mashoko pamusoro PC. Zvikurukuru chinokosha basa date compression paaishandisa mifananidzo, maCD uye mavhidhiyo - kwemarudzi aya mashoko pamusoro vamwe kuvazungura dhisiki mari.

Ndezvipi zvimwe zviri "Codes"?

Sezvatakamboreva pakutanga, Coding - kunzwisisa chinoshamisa. Wakabata pamwe mirayiridzo inokosha Coding digitaalinen mashoko kwakavakirwa BYTES, tinogona kubata imwe nzvimbo. Zvinonzi chokuita nokushandiswa kombiyuta Codes mu siyanei tsika. Pano, pasi "code," isu hakusi kutevedzana kwezviitiko vaya uye zeros, uye wetsamba siyana uye zviratidzo (izvo, sezvo isu munotoriziva, uye ndizvo zviri akagadzirwa 0 uye 1), iro rine mazano kukosha muupenyu murume ano.

bumbiro remitemo

At mwoyo chirongwa chero kombiyuta - code. Zvakanyorwa mumutauro zvinonzwisisika kuti kombiyuta. PC, achiongorora zvaive bumbiro remitemo anoita zvimwe mirayiro. A pachena chinoratidza purogiramu yekombiyuta kubva rumwe rudzi-digital mashoko kuti huri bumbiro nayo anokwanisa "decrypt" pacharo (inodzidzisa hakufaniri chete kutanga muitiro).

Chimwe chinoratidza purogiramu - iri hama Kuchinja bumbiro kushandiswa. Kuti, ape kombiyuta imwe basa munhu anogona, achishandisa guru akagadzirwa "mashoko", uye kana zvakakodzera - uye mune mumwe mutauro.

markup zvinyorwa

Chimwe hunoshanda zvairehwa yezvinoreva tsamba remitemo - zvakasikwa uye formatting magwaro. Kazhinji, munhu nyore kuratidzira mabhii ari chidzitiro hazvivakwani kubva nemaonero pamusoro anobatsira kukosha PC. Kazhinji, rugwaro inofanira kuvakwa uchishandisa imwe Schriftgröße uye ruvara, kuti pamwe okuwedzera zvinhu (zvakadai, semuenzaniso, namatafura). Vose parameters idzi wakaiswa, uyewo nyaya zvirongwa pamusoro mitauro chaiyo kunzwisiswa nenzira kombiyuta. PC, yakabvuma "chikwata", anoratidza gwaro yakanyatsoenzana mushandisi zvido. Uyezve, mashoko anogona kuva mashoko saizvozvo, sezvakanga zvinoitika pamwe zvirongwa uchishandisa nemhando dzakasiyana-siyana "mashoko" uye kunyange mumitauro.

Zvisinei, pane chinhu chinokosha musiyano pakati Codes magwaro uye ekombiyuta. Inoitwa pakuti vaimbova havagoni decrypt pachavo. Kuti usvinudze mafaira vane mashoko azere nguva zvaida yechitatu-party software.

date encryption

Mumwe kududzirwa rokuti "bumbiro" sezvo kushandisirwa makombiyuta - ndiko encryption. Kumusoro, isu vakashandisa shoko iri ndi rokuti "Coding", uye zviri bvumidzwa. Pano, kuti encryption isu zvinoreva chakasiyana chinoshamisa mhando. Kureva yeEncoding digitaalinen Data kuti kurambidza kupinda kwavari nevamwe vanhu. Kudzivirirwa kombiyuta mafaira - anokosha mabasa muna IT-bhora. Izvi zvechokwadi yoga kuranga nesayenzi zvinosanganisira uyewo kombiyuta kuchikoro. YeEncoding mafaira nepfungwa wokudzivisa kunze komutemo kukwanisa - iri basa, kukosha iyo chinopiwa kune vagari ano inoti muuduku.

Sei zvigadziriswe nenzira iyo date encryption? The musimboti kwakafanana nyore uye zvakajeka sezvo zvose zvapfuura, yatakurukura. Encoding - Maitikiro acho ari nyore explainable panyaya dzinokosha nomufungo.

Ngatitii tinoda kuti mashoko, "Ivanova, Petrov anoenda" zvokuti hapana aigona kuriverenga. Tinovimba kuti kombiyuta kuti encrypt shoko uye kuona mugumisiro: "10-3-1-15-16-3-10-5-7-20-11-17-6-20-18-3-21". Bumbiro Iri Chokwadi, zviri nyore: nhamba mumwe anoenderana nenhamba tsamba arufabheti edu mitsara. "Ini" pamire rechi10 nzvimbo, "B" - 3, "A" - 1, etc. Asi ano kombiyuta Coding ino anogona encrypt humboo zvokuti Achasarudza kusvikira kiyi kusimba nesimba ...