Emergency Geological mutambi zvishoma

Kuputika kwemakomo, kudengenyeka, mudslides, Madhaka, dombo mapopoma, avalanches, karst mananara ane nekubatwa panyika - njodzi zvose izvi chokuita Geological yezvakaita zvashata. Vamwe njodzi inogona afanotaura, ruzhinji asingagoni. Asi kudzidza mitemo yokuzvibata mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro zvakafanira kubva pauduku. Nyaya iyi inogona kubatsira kuti mudzidzisi ari pfupiso chidzidzo woupenyu yokuchengeteka "zvashata Geological hunhu."

nokudengenyeka

Sudden inochinja uye atanga goko uye yokumusoro nejasi, chinoguma chakamira pakunodengenyeka zvine kubva panyika vibrations pasi chinopfuudzwa pamusoro refu sezvo kwakavharwa nenyama vibrations - kwenyika ino. Geological hunhu uyu Emergency Plan kazhinji dzinoitika zvikamu zvitatu - fortshoki, huru kungosunda uye zvakaramba.

Kungoita pachavo uye vakamirira nguva pakati vaviri akasiyana chaizvo. Main kunoratidzwa mukuru simba uye nguva kazhinji mumasekonzi mashomanana, asi vanhu kurinzwisisa sezvo refu. Izvi zvakaramba kubereka zvinotova mupfungwa kuvhunduka: vanhu vanonzwa pekusadziviririka nenhamo, simbi nokutya, vakaneta, uye zvakafanira kudzivirira uye tsvaka ngozi nzvimbo.

simba chipimo

Ikoko, apo mukuru simba pakabudiswa bhuku strata paNyika, ndiye kwenyika. Hypocenter, kana kufunga nayo - notional pfungwa chinoumba nepakati, uye fungidziro iri hypocenter pamusoro pechiso - the kwacho pakavakirwa pane kuparadzwa kupfuura yakakura. Nyika toga, nerimwe gore chete kudengenyeka yakanyorwa mazana mazhinji ezviuru, asi ivo vari saka simba nokuda kworutivi, vanhu hatitombozvioni.

Kuti haisi yezvakaita Geological njodzi. Pfungwa, makubhiti kusimba pokudengenyeka, akapiwa maererano nokuwanda kukuvadzwa pamusoro pemvura. Ndicho inonyanya kushandiswa Richter Scale uye International pamwero nokuda kuyera simba kwepasi. A nokukura akadana hunhu zvachose nesimba kwakavharwa nenyama vibrations kuti chakakonzera izvi njodzi.

Kudengenyeka muRussia

On nharaunda nyika yedu maviri navasere muzana kwenyika-asingatani nzvimbo yakakwana. Vakawanda Geological chimiro yedambudziko zvichiitika Kamchatka, muna Baikal mudunhu, kumaodzanyemba Siberia, kuti Kuril Islands uye North eCaucasus. Kudzivirira njodzi yakadaro inokosha kwakaoma. Anti-zvizivikanwe nemichina zviitiko mapoka mapoka maviri - nyevero uye kuitwa pakarepo asati uye panguva kwenyika. Matanho - ndiyo dziviriro, iro rinoitwa kutyisidzira asati asvika njodzi.

Masayendisiti vachidzidza Chiitiko umo mune Geological njodzi dzinongoitika hunhu, zvinoratidza nzira dzavo, kudoma harbingers zvose reutorwa uye kutanga kushurudzira nzira. Uye kana kuti "kutinhira akaita" hombodo, unongofanira kuva kuponesa vanhu - vavharirwa mudzimba dzavo, pokugara. Localities uye mabhizimisi dzinoda kuvakwa kufungisisa zvizivikanwe nemichina kutsiga nharaunda - ichi rokutanga zvose. Zvikasadaro chakaipa kwazvo ndichauyisa njodzi Geological hunhu, mienzaniso Armenian Spitak kashoma kuti kukanganwika. Vagari anofanira kudzidziswa kuzvibata, padanho sangano zvokununura kwacho kuva kusvika ndima. Nyevero gadziriro - mumwe chikuru ezvinhu ari kushaya vazhinji vakaurayiwa.

kufekuka

Makadzika dzapasi chenguva vanoshingaira urongwa, izvo zvinoguma riri kuputika basa. Kuputika akatyisidzira maviri mamiriyoni zana vanhu, vanogara zvokutadza pedyo hope anoputika. Emergency Geological hunhu, mienzaniso iyo tinowana kunyange kare (rePompeii), chokuita kufamba magma panyika nechepasi, kureva, pamwe volcanism. Magma - muchiGiriki "gobvu ruomba" - yakanyungudutswa silicate guru, kureva mabwe, tsvuku-inopisa haubereki panguva soro tembiricha iri pakadzika Earth.

Kana vakawanda ava magma kunosvika pemvura, somugumisiro Tichitarisa kumanikidzwa mukati nezvirwere kunotanga, uye moto hova emura ibwe ichiyangarara pasi, zvose munzira kwayo achiparadza. Izvi zvinonzi dhaka, kureva magma kubva iyo anyangarika guru-siyana magasi, kazhinji Kusvibisa zvipenyu, uye akatora navo zvizhinji makiromita nokuvhara zvachose zuva dota makore.

Volcanoes in Russia

Mamirire Geological hunhu yedambudziko, akadai kuputika anogona kupiwa zvizere kunzwisisa yezvakaita chiitiko ichi. In pasi goko pashure paumbwe nyika uye kutonhora Yakaumbwa hova dzakawanda uye makatsemuka, apo magma anouya pedyo chaizvo pemvura. Uye pane imwe nguva yacho magma pamakamuri, riri pane imwe kudzika anenge makumi matanhatu makiromita, somugumisiro Tichitarisa kumanikidzwa anotanga kudira magma. Sezvo anoputika vari akaumba - freestanding gomo, ndakasika pachavo kubva zvibereko zvawo kwemakomo.

Kune mhando nhatu anoputika: ari yakatotsakatika, wakaderera uye tichishingaira. Vakarara chinhu kujeka nengozi, nokuti ruzivo pamusoro kwemakomo zvavo vanhu ikoko, asi zvomunharaunda kwenyika pasi pavo vachiri dzinoitika, ndiko kuti, chero nguva apo tryahnot simba, rinoputika anogona kumutsa. Yakatotsakatika - basa anoputika, ivo kunyange kakawanda akarasika chimiro chavo. Active uyewo vari kuramba tsime ngozi nemhaka ndingangokuvara kuputika.

Yelostounsky zvimwe supervolcanoes

Pane supervolcanoes, kufanana Yellowstone muna US. Pasi vanenge makumi maviri yakadaro. Ivo hope kwenguva refu - dzimwe nguva mamiriyoni emakore. Asi kana ini ukamuka, kunouya asisiri vemo dzinongoitika Geological chimiro kurongerwa. Mienzaniso echando vemazera zvaratidza. Wokupedzisira kuputika kwakaitika New Zealand, makore makumi maviri nemanomwe zviuru akapfuura. Ash kufukidza pasi multimeter rukoko Akafukidzawo zuva kwemakore mashoma. Akasunungurwa mumhepo anenge mazana gumi akaenzana makiromita.

wevasungwa kuti nemadota kunyange kwakajairika rinoputika dzimwe nguva zvokuti mazuva mashoma zvemadhenari rima usiku. Zvino usiku akauya pamusoro penyika yose, uye akazosvika kwete mazuva nemakore. Plus matani mabhiriyoni matatu nesarufa yakasviba mudenga rakabudisa pamusoro rinenge nyika yose. Sulfuric asidhi mvura yakatanga, pasi vose zvinomera arikuwuraiwa. ipapo Earth vakarasika kuti makumi masere nezvishanu kubva muzana eshiri chete. Avo kuti kurarama mumazuva ano - munhu measly gumi muzana yayo aimbova nokubwinya. Uye chikuru ndechokuti kurwisana kunyange zvatinosiita negomo rinoputika kwakaoma zvisingaiti, vanopeputswa nokuda supervolcano kutiza kunyange hakushande - nokusingaperi. Zvino vanoedza mazita Geological hunhu dambudziko kupfuura izvozvo.

mhoromhokwa

Madhaka kuitika munyika yedu yose munzvimbo pasina flatness kwenzvimbo. Mhando Geological chimiro yedambudziko zvakawanda uye zvakasiyana-siyana, uye Madhaka havasi vaiona zvikuru ngozi. Kunyange zvazvo tisingatarisiri - ipapo. Nei pasi pasi kurema vakawanda Vaiisa pasi chihombe gomo nemitenusirwa uye zvikomo, masiraidhi, collapsing, gungwa, nyanza uye rwizi tenuka?

Kutsiga yakatenuka akashatirwa nokuti relatedness nedombo kana ivhu Zvinoshamisa isingasviki simba regiravhiti. Ndipo apo yakatenuka iri kutanga. Haisi njodzi saka makuru, dzikavauraya zvevanhu, asi kukuvadza zvikuru: misha aparadzwa, akavigwa kukurukurirana, tunnels uye mapaipi havapo, zvikuru zvemagetsi network uye runhare netambo.

Chii chinokonzera Madhaka

Zvinhu zvinogona kukonzera kuondomoka, angava akasiyana, uye kazhinji kacho chinokonzera ndiko basa nevanhu. mvura iyi vendu ivhu, kuparadzwa zvinomera (kwemiti), kana kushandura mhando yecocoa, ari weathering uye, zvakare, kudengenyeka kwepasi, zvichiita Madhaka dzinenge nguva dzose. Kune mhando nhatu - makasimba, nomutoo uye anononoka. Chete kutsanya Madhaka akauraya vanhu vazhinji. Asi pane kusiyana kudzika zvishoma nezvishoma mumatope pamusoro: diki - kusvika mamita mashanu, pose - kuti munhu mita zvakadzama - kuti makumi maviri metres uye, naizvozvovo, kwazvo - anopfuura makumi maviri.

Power entrained padombo shongwe, zvakare: Madhaka duku kutora mativi mamita anosvika zviuru gumi ivhu, hombe miriyoni. Zvisinei, kwete chete panyika pane njodzi dzinongoitika Geological tsika dzakadaro. Mienzaniso inosimbisa Tichitarisa pokuparadzwa pamusoro Tsunami, izvo kazhinji zviri aumba sezvo migumisiro isina pemvura mhoromhokwa, izvo zvaizoitawo kwakaitika pashure kwenyika. Nokuvhiringidzirwa sediments pasherefu micheto yakakura chaizvo. In Scotland, pashure kuondomoka akakoromora mitengo zvose rasstoyaniivosmidesyati makiromita kubva kumhenderekedzo.

sill

Uyewo zvinokonzerwa kwenyika, gryazekamennye hwekutambudzika Rwako pamusoro nzizi kinetic simba guru uye kumhanya anopfuura gumi makiromita paawa. Power takwira uyewo mapoka mapoka; kana kubviswa ngwanda kuyerera negurumwandira vanopfuura zviuru zana cubic metres, ndiko mudflow simba, panewo svikiro - kuti statysyach, uye simba - cubic metres ichiita sokuti asingasviki zviuru gumi.

Mukana mafashamo kushamiswa kwavo, akurumidze chaizvo kukura uye ya dzimwe nguva zvakawanda kupfuura sere maawa. Vanogona kufanotaura nevamwe kubudirira nokuongorora migumisiro zvaakacherechedza. Akavaka inokosha hydraulic hurongwa uye nokuda selezaderzhivaniya selenapravleniya. Main - kwete kutema miti iri emakomo pasina kugadzira midzi kunowedzera njodzi yokurara kakawanda.

aval

Snow dhirika, chaunga kudonha kana kunzvenga mugomo mawere uye runokukura kuwedzera uremu huru. MuEurope, zviito vokuparidzira panguva Geological yezvakaita zvashata rakanyatsojeka chinangwa, asi pane aval rimwe gore magumo vanopfuura zana upenyu. Simba rokuparadza munhu aval chaizvo, nokuti ndizvo zvinopfuura kinetic simba. Tinosiyaniswa hunhu kufamba kwavo kusvetuka, mutserendende uye materu.

Avalanches vari akaumba zvikurukuru pamusoro treeless mawere, apo yakatenuka rworwendo anopfuura gumi, asi kakawanda richiwanika muna matatu kana mana. Kana yakatenuka iri madhigirii anopfuura makumi mashanu, asi avalanches vari wakaumba, sezvo chando iri kugeza kuti rutsoka zvishoma nezvishoma. Speed iye anogona kuva yakakurisa - anopfuura zana metres por wechipiri. Kufungidzira aval hazviiti. Chando accumulations munzvimbo dzine ngozi nyore ndokupfura, afunge kuungana kana nemaune kuridza kumusoro.

dhirika

Pamawere uye kumawere vane ngozi uye kunyange collapses kana vakanyarara uye vakasasvika guru negurumwandira mabwe pamusana nokurasikirwa kuvimbika yaro weathering kana nemvura - pose kana pevhu, kubva unopinza kuchinja tembiricha nezvimwe zviwanikwa zvinhu.

Kutsamwisa Madhaka uye madutu uye madutu, kudengenyeka kwenyika uye kwesayenzi mabasa, kunyange rinokweva simba mwedzi. Muna 1995 kuondomoka guru kwakaitika muna Ingushetia, urefu zana nemakumi mashanu metres, upamhi - gumi, uye kudzika - vanenge makumi mashanu metres, pane vanhu gumi navatanhatu vakafa. Anofanozivisa avalanches uyewo hazviiti.

afterword

Scientific uye hwokugadzira mberi zvakakodzera kupiwa mhosva yokuti haana chete havagoni kuchengetedza vanhu uye technosphere kubudikidza yedambudziko uye dzinongoitika dzoga, asi nekusiyana, iye chinokurwadzai navo. Number vakaurayiwa gore-on-gore inowedzera kuti 4.3%, uye vakaurayiwa pokudengenyeka zvakasikwa zvava mukuru 8.6% pagore. Economic nezvinhu vari kukura.

Chinetso ichi munyika imwe. Kuwedzera zvakasikwa ngozi inobva zvibereko anthropogenic kukanganisa zvakasikwa, ari musoro kushandisa zvinhu upfumi, kururama Resettlement vanhu, kushayikwa richiona kwezvakatipoteredza, kwakaderera mamiriro ezvinhu pakuongorora yezvakaita ari mananara, varombo mamiriro ezvinhu anodzivirira okugadzira zvivako, afforestation. Zvakakodzera kwepasi mapurani. Chete ipapo vanhu vanonzwa kudzivirirwa panguva Geological yezvakaita zvashata. Muchidimbu kana zvishoma nyaya iyi hazvibviri.