Dzhugdzhur Reserve Ayano-Maisky munharaunda Khabarovsk Territory: ndima, zvinomera uye mhuka

Zvinosuruvarisa vanoshingaira uye zvakaoma basa womunhu panyika wakatyisidzira kutsakatika zhinji mhuka nemiti nemhaka yokukara. Vamwe vavo vakarasikirwa zvachose, uye kuchengetera vamwe vakanga chaiwo nzvimbo - reserves, apo masayendisiti vane mukana kudzidza nemiti uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, kwete pachena kuvanhu. Chaizvo kwezvakatipoteredza mutemo vakadzinganiswa Russia. Khabarovsk nharaunda Somuenzaniso, pane ndima yayo nokuda reserves matanhatu, izvo kazhinji kuzvirumbidza kuchengetedza pamusoro chiuru marudzi akasiyana nemhuka. Haasi wose anopiwa mukana muupenyu kushanyira kundima dzakadaro, apo pane akachenjera uye mitemo yezvinhu zvakasikwa nyore. Saka nhasi yedu nyaya nyaya yaiva Dzhugdzhur Reserve - makuru kuFar East.

General tsananguro: chengetedza

Dzhugdzhur Reserve harisi pasina kuonekwa guru, nekuti ndima yayo kunopfuura zviuru mazana masere namakumi mashanu maeka. In dzakachengetedzwa mapazi chinosanganisira Bole mashanu nezviuru hectares ose zvomumvura nzvimbo. Security mapazi ari maeka mazana maviri namakumi mashanu nezviviri.

Kunakidza, asi vaongorori dzinoti kuti Dzhugdzhur kuchengetedza zviwanikwa okunze ane mbiri dzakafanana zvinhu zvipenyu - gomo achinaya mvura uye gomo taiga. The dzinotaurwa Divi rokumadokero chaizvo zvikuru, hapana mvura inonaya netembiricha kuchinja kakawanda uye hasha. Pamahombekombe, nekusiyana, rikawira zvikuru zvakawanda mvura, uye kakawanda mhepo. Natural fogs vari chero nguva yegore. Zviri zvakakurumbira kuchengeterwa, waimira sezvo riwedzere kuti nokuumba akadzivirirwa mapazi weHurumende. Zvechokwadi, mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, rine vazhinji endemic nemhuka.

Dzhugdzhur kuchengeterwa: nzvimbo

Aripiko kuchengeterwa, uye sei kuti ikoko? Kupinda mapazi ichi, unofanira kuenda Far East of Russian Federation. Masayendisiti uye dzekare vanoti nzvimbo idzi akapfuma zvikuru uye munyika dzakawanda anogona kusika reserves kuti vadzivirire rucheno nzvimbo idzi node. Pashure kufirwa ichi enchanting runako chichava irreparable kurasikirwa, izvo ichachinja East yose Far.

Russia mumakore achangopfuura, anoedza kutarisira kudzivirira kuchengetedzwa nyika. Naizvozvo, nokuti anoda kusvika makumi matatu munyika mune nzvimbo chaiwo ezvinhu mamiriro. Ayano-Maisky nharaunda rava panzvimbo akaumba kupfuura pakati Khabarovsk Territory reserves, iyo yakava nyaya vedu nhasi nyaya.

Natural Reserve Area

"Dzhugdzhur" State Nature Reserve, sezvo tine yakaidzwa ndohwenguva kumbonyanya paupamhi nzvimbo. Riri pamhenderekedzo yeGungwa Okhotsk, akafukidza nyika nezvitsuwa wandei.

Dzhugdzhur muhomba runoparadzanisa Reserve muzvikamu zviviri, kushingaira simba pamusoro pezvakaita yacho. Ani naani anouya pano kokutanga, kuyemura runako iyi ine makomo, iyo kazhinji kupa maitiro akafanana Alps.

Pamutemo Reserve iri kuva zvikamu zvitatu kana masumbu:

• In Malmo chitsuwa.
• Coastal.
• Dzhugdzhur.

Mumwe ane pachake zvachiri, uyewo kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka.

Mukuwedzera, muhomba, kuyambuka nyika, ndiye tsime paumbwe maviri zvachose kwete zvakafanana nomumwe dzakadaro. In rwezasi-kumabvazuva ndiko zvakaoma kuwana ikoko, zviri makomo uye riri mune mumhenderekedzo yegungwa zviuno. Chikamu chechipiri ndiyo rwenze apo pane vakawanda zvikomo, anooneka zvikuru nemichinjiziri uye makomo.

History of pakusikwa chengetedza

Ayano-Maisky nharaunda vanofarira zoologists kumashure-mana pagore rechishanu rokupedzisira remakore. Chekutanga masayendisiti ose kunetseka pamusoro yevagari makwai bighorn, uye kuti zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti kukurumidza kutora kupinda kwayo vachichengetwa. Nguva nenguva zoologists rakabudiswa zvakawanika dzavo mhuka munzvimbo uye yakarumbidza zvakasimba kusikwa chaiyo vematunhu, iro raizova pasi pehurumende kudzivirirwa.

Muna 1984, basa rakatanga musi mazano remangwana chengetedza. Izvi chinangwa akapiwa kuna Purofesa S. S. Harkevicha. Mumakore mashanu, iye vabatsiri akatungamirira basa iri paumbwe kuchengetedzwa nzvimbo miganhu. Somugumisiro, basa rake rakanga anotenderwa uye kwakasarudzwa kusika kuchengeterwa.

The pamutemo musi hwomukova anoonekwa kuti September 10, 1990. Zvinofadza kuti mumakore gumi nemanomwe chokuvapo raro Dzhugdzhur Reserve haana kumbochinja directors. Undisputed mutungamiriri mundima idzi Chung Ho Behind.

A gore pashure kuvambwa ayo Dzhugdzhur Reserve rakawedzerwa nharaunda yayo, Gungwa Okhotsk rave ndaisa. Nokufamba kwenguva, mashoko acho uye hwokugadzira chawo nzvimbo idzi akagadziridzwa, uye kuchengeterwa harina kamwe mamwe mari kubva mamiriro.

Zvinangwa uye mabasa ose chengetedza

Zvakaoma kuona basa reDare Dzhugdzhur Reserve. Akadzivirira mhando nemhuka nevamwe muzvinhu zvakawanda, saka, zvinoda kunyatsoongorora uye kuchengetedza. Uyezve, rucheno nzizi gomo, ichipa inflow kwemvura zvavo muna Okhotsk mugungwa, iko kutapwa nzvimbo. Mukuwedzera, vazhinji waterways idzi zviri kukonzera. Special mutsetse nechinangwa dzidzo ushandiswe kuchengeterwa kudzidza uye kuchengetedza masango gomo. Vakawanda mumiririri iyo - Ayan mbava. Ndicho vainyatsofarira Gungwa Okhotsk uye nokungwarira kudzivirirwa neHurumende.

Mabasa Dzhugdzhurski kuchengeterwa iri sezvinotevera:

• Implementation wokudzivirira nzvimbo kuchengetedza kwemarudzi uye zvinomera;
• kuitisa tsvakurudzo pamusoro chengetedza;
• kwezvakatipoteredza zvichiongororwa;
• kushanda dzidzo kwezvakatipoteredza;
• kubatsira vari kugadzirira cadres kwesayenzi uye vanachiremba pasango ikoroji.

Ndinoda kuona kuti nezvinetso Reserve kutarisira kuzvigona.

Eco-ushanyi

Reserve budiriro uye kunoita eco tourism, riri kuramba yakakurumbira pakati vokuRussia mumakore achangopfuura. Heano mazano kufamba yoga zvikamu kana kudzinga rose chengetedza zvachose. Chero zvazvingava, uchaona. Chinonyanya akakurumbira pakati vashanyi vari zvinotevera nzvimbo:

nyanza Baykalenok

Hakusi kuti hapana ari saka kutaurira rokuremekedza, nekuti mvura yaro zviri pachena zvokuti hazvina muduku "hama" dzake vakura.

rwizi Selenda

Rinotanga rwendo raro pakakwirira mumakomo uye ane akadzikama, asi nokukurumidza anova okutuka hunhu uye noisily akadzura ngaatarire padombo, nokuputsa kamwe buri metres rimwe nehafu. kwechishamiso ichi hazvitomboiti kuti kukanganwa kuti captivates wose akazviona nameso angu.

Tsipadinskie bako

namaberere ava huru bako vatsvakurudzi, ivo panofanira kuva akanaka zvinoshamisa madota, uye pano kazhinji pane zvivezwa chaiwo stalactites uye stalagmites.

The rwizi apo hove kuita kuti pave

Kana iwe ndamboona hove anouya kuita kuti pave, isu zano kuti muve nenguva ino uye Aldoma Lantar nzizi. Pano nechikepe sockeye Sarimoni uye izvo zvinonyatsooneka nomumvura yakachena. Kazhinji, nokuda kwokuwanda kwavo vashanyi, kunyange zvisingaiti kuona pasi rwizi, nekuti hove iri guru kuyerera chinoenderera uye kusingaperi.

nyanza Antykan

Pano rudo ruzivo uye ruzivo Photographers kuuya. Vanofara kugadzirisa kamera iri shiri kuti wamasarudza pachangu dziva uye kumahombekombe mawere. Lake Bowl pacharo ane elongated chimiro uye sokunge wakanaka the lagoon. Upamhi gungwa rakanyatsojeka zvakawanda, panguva yayo widest pfungwa zviri mamita anopfuura mazana matatu, uye yakamanikana - hapana anopfuura zana mamita.

Nyora zvose runako Dzhugdzhurski kuchengeterwa hazvibviri. Asi vainyatsotarisirwa zvinofanira kuripirwa kasvisto ayo uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, iro tinotaura ikozvino.

Dzhugdzhur chengetedza: Plants

nzvimbo iyi ndiyo chete nemarudzi adzo kupfuura kupfuura mamwe anochengeta Khabarovsk Territory. Maererano masayendisiti, nemiti chinomiririrwa yemiti manomwe namakumi mashanu nenhatu. Pasinei chokwadi kuti yomunharaunda okunze ari nani zvikuru, chirimwa upenyu yaidzivirira nzvimbo akafuma zvikuru. Muchiitiko chino, mhando makumi nhatu dziri Red Book of Khabarovsk Territory, uye matanhatu akapinda muna Red Book of Russian Federation. Somuenzaniso, valerian Ayan akacherechedza neimwe magwaro aya. Zvirimwa zvakawanda zvinowanikwa kumwe panyika, vari kuonekwa endemic.

Very zvakakomba botanists kudzidza ichi chirimwa spruce Ayan. Nechokunze, zvinoita sokunge zvake spruce, asi anoshandawo wakasiyana subspecies. At kukwirira miti anosvika makumi mana metres, uye avo upenyu kutenderera dzimwe nguva inosvika makore mazana mashanu. The dhayamita yapakati hunde Kazhinji anoda kubva zana mamita.

Kunowedzera Ayan spruce munzvimbo yakawanda mvura uye nekaupenyu muchitonhorera yechirimo. Zvinofadza kuti chirimwa ichi zvakaoma kuwana mamita anopfuura mazana mana kubva nenyanza uye gungwa nemvura. Mumakomo, spruce anonzwa zvakanaka chaizvo, hwakura kuti kureba mamita mazana mashanu. Masango inoumbwa miti aya vava kuda kutsakatika. Izvi zvinobatsira kuti kutema miti kushingaira kutema zvikwata. The chete rinokuponesa ichi mhando - zvakaoma kusvika nzvimbo kukura. Ivo chete Ayan spruce anogona kukura zvakanaka.

Yoga kuda kukuudza pamusoro mudzimai wacho patapata, chirimwa ichi aimbova zvakajairika chaizvo mune boreal dondo, asi zvino vanobatanidzwa Red Book.

taiga Orchid

Lady zvaJehovha patapata grandiflora - ichi chinhu kujairika chirimwa kuti akakodzera kurarama redu. Unowanzonzi orchid ine ukoshi. Pashure pezvose, chirimwa ndowenyika orchids mhuri.

Zvinofadza kuti pane ruva mukuru symbiosis pamwe mamwe notumwe. Midzi yawo inovakwa zvishoma nezvishoma, mativi chirimwa kuva mamiriro kuzorora nayo chinotsigirwa pevhu mapoka notumwe. Chakatishamisa wokutanga maruva kwomukadzi wacho patapata kuchengetwa gumi - namashanu mushure kukura kwembeu.

Panguva iyoyo, kwakadai kuponeswa chete zvakasikwa reserves munharaunda yacho Russian Federation, izvo pane gumi zvidimbu. Vanoshingaira kukudziridza ichi chirimwa chisingawanzowaniki munyika botanical mapindu, izvo zvinoita kuti pave nemamwe marudzi.

Animal Pamumbure rugare

On muganhu Dzhugdzhurski kuchengeterwa musha pamusoro maviri namakumi gumi marudzi. Pakati nemakumi matanhatu mhando izvi zvitanhatu shiri uye mhuka mana navaviri marudzi. Kakawanda iri kuchengeterwa vari black bheya uye wolverine. mhuka idzi kurarama zvikuru norusununguko akadzivirira nyika. Havachina vezera, uye mukuru kukura pazvikara, saka zvakakwana bereka uye chinyararire wakashingaira mwana.

No ishoma uye capercaillie, ndiyo chimwe chezvinhu zvakafanana eshiri dziri chengetedza. Rine ruvara rima uye anodyisa kunonyanya kubva chirimwa chikafu. Dzimwe nguva yake yaabata muri invertebrates. Mapapiro varume mune zvimwe zviitiko zvinopfuura chimwe mita.

Nakisisa kufara pakati vashanyi ndiyo chisimbiso iwo. Mhuka idzi dzinowanzopiwa "sunbathing" riri mumhenderekedzo yegungwa mawere. Havasi vachitya vanhu, saka vanogona kutora mifananidzo, kunhonga chete vhuu. Sezvineiwo, iwo chisimbiso - ari oga mhuka. It anosarudza kurarama uye kunovhima aparadzane kuhama dzavo. Dzimwe nguva vashanyi havagoni kuona boka rose mhuka idzi zvinonakidza yairema anenge makumi manomwe makirogiramu. Asi kazhinji munhu muboka yakadaro havasi voukama, uye zvangoitika kuti paruware chete.

Usakanganwa kuti pakutanga akaronga kuti pave kuchengeterwa kuchengetedzwa kwemararamiro bighorn makwai. Uyu mhuka inonakidza chaizvo kuti vagare pasi redu inonzi vanenge zviuru zana nemakore. On zvakakodzera kuudza zvizere.

bighorn makwai

Externally, gondohwe haasi akasiyana zvikuru kubva vamwe vedzinza. Ane svikiro kuvaka, apo vanhurume havafaniri kusapfuudza hunooma imwe mita. musoro Mhuka hachisi yakakura, hura kazhinji zvakasimba akamanikidzwa kuti dehenya.

makwai mapfupa Bighorn, vanochera matongo vakawana munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana Kamchatka uye Sakhalin, zera ravo riri yomusi ari zvinobva zviuru makumi mana chiuru zana nemakore. Asi kuchinja zvachinja yekudyidzana uye aiita nzvimbo mhuka. Chokwadi kuti gwai rakakodzera ezvinhu umo chando pabutiro idukusa makumi mana masendimita. Zvikasadaro, mhuka havazokwanisi kubereka zvokudya zvavo pachavo uye achafa nenzara. Achidzikisa ndima dzinogarisana yekudyidzana akaderedza Vagari mhando, mupiro, uye munhu tsitsi akaparadza mhuka.

Maererano zoologists, makwai bighorn kudya mhuka anopfuura mazana matatu zvinomera. Treats mhuka vari kuorera mazviri notumwe pamwe tusingaoneki zvakasiyana. It anoshumira mungabva mapuroteni uye mavhitaminzi.

About makumi mana apfuura vanhu makwai bighorn rakanga vava kuda kutsakatika. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo vanhu havana kupfuudza nemashanu zana vanhu. Kubudikidza rinoita mamiriro kwakadai chinzvimbo shanduko uye zvino pachena kuvaduku ngozi. Makore matatu apfuura vanhu yeRussian Federation atopfuura mhuka zviuru makumi manomwe.

Kana ukanzwa muna Khabarovsk nharaunda, tinoratidza kuti kushanyira Dzhugdzhur Reserve. Pano iwe kuwana kumboitika mufaro zvokuva zvakasikwa, inova nguva refu achakutsigira ari senguva upenyu guta.